迭代正则化方法求解电介质中空间电荷分布

首先介绍了迭代正则化方法的理论基础,建立了含有空间电荷密度分布的Fredholm第一类积分方程的反卷积算法,利用数值实验研究了加性高斯白噪声对迭代反卷积算法的影响,以及迭代停止标准对非适定问题的数值解的影响,最后使用该方法求解电介质样品中的空间电荷分布.结果表明,在无噪或者低噪环境下,反卷积算法能够非常好地计算出非适定问题的解.当噪声影响增大,信噪比降低时,反卷积的计算结果受到明显的影响.迭代停止标准对数值解的计算精度起着明显的作用.对实际测量数据进行处理表明,迭代正则化反卷积算法能够计算出固体电介质中的空间电荷分布.     

将噪声作为独立变量的动态光散射数据反演

在动态光散射颗粒测量时,为了从含噪的自相关函数数据中准确地反演出颗粒粒度分布,对Tikhonov正则化算法进行改进,将噪声作为一个独立的未知变量应用到正则化方程中进行粒度反演.在计算过程中,相应增加方程中各系数矩阵的行数和列数,对求解的粒度分布数值则仍取其原来方程的行数和列数,从而达到对部分噪声的剔除作用.不同噪声水平下的颗粒粒度反演结果表明,改进后的算法能够显著提高低信噪比动态光散射数据粒度反演结果的准确性,适用于宽分布较大粒径的颗粒粒度反演.     

将噪声作为独立变量的动态光散射数据反演（英文）

在动态光散射颗粒测量时,为了从含噪的自相关函数数据中准确地反演出颗粒粒度分布,对Tikhonov正则化算法进行改进,将噪声作为一个独立的未知变量应用到正则化方程中进行粒度反演.在计算过程中,相应增加方程中各系数矩阵的行数和列数,对求解的粒度分布数值则仍取其原来方程的行数和列数,从而达到对部分噪声的剔除作用.不同噪声水平下的颗粒粒度反演结果表明,改进后的算法能够显著提高低信噪比动态光散射数据粒度反演结果的准确性,适用于宽分布较大粒径的颗粒粒度反演.     

颗粒粒径分布测量反演算法的改进

综合奇异值截断法、奇异值修正法、Tikhonov正则化思想及Chahine迭代算法,提出一种改进的病态问题求解算法来测量颗粒系的粒径分布。结合Backus-Gilbert折中准则与奇异值最小原则确定了奇异截断值,采用L曲线法确定了最优正则化参数,并利用联合迭代反演法(SIRT)实现解的非负约束。模拟及实验结果表明,该算法对单、双峰分布的测量误差均小于3%,其抗噪性能、测量准确性、时效性及粒径测量范围相较其他反演算法都有明显优势。     

Abel变换数值反演的离散正则化方法

基于Tikhonov的正则化思想,将Abel变换的理论反演公式与对数值求导的离散正则化处理以及带权的Gauss型积分相结合,给出了Abel变换数值反演的一个新算法,并进行了理论分析与数值实验。结果表明:该算法具有精度高、数值稳定等优点。     

基于灰度梯度正则化去噪的改进数字图像相关法

为了提高数字图像相关法的抗噪声能力,分析了灰度梯度计算误差对数字图像相关法测量精度的影响,提出采用Tikhonov正则化方法计算图像灰度梯度,进而通过反向组合高斯-牛顿(IC-GN)法计算图像的亚像素位移;基于数值仿真散斑图研究灰度梯度的相对计算误差,并分析采用Tikhonov正则化方法计算图像灰度梯度后,改进数字图像相关法的测量精度,结合实验验证所提方法在实际噪声环境中的抗噪声能力。结果表明:灰度梯度对数字图像相关法测量精度有较大影响,而采用Tikhonov正则化方法后,可以有效提高数字图像相关法的测量精度与抗噪声能力。     

一种基于约束共轭梯度的闪光照相图像重建算法

 针对闪光照相系统成像信噪比低的特点，提出了正则化预优约束共轭梯度算法（RPCCG）。RPCCG算法在闪光照相重建方程中引入Tikhonov正则化准则，利用预优约束共轭梯度法迭代求图像重建的最优解。数值试验表明，采用最小二乘+平滑准则的RPCCG算法是一种具有较高的抗噪能力的有效闪光照相图像重建算法，具有良好的收敛性和稳定性以及较高的重建精度。     

含噪动态光散射测量数据反演中正则化算法与Chahine算法的比较

采用两种常用的粒度反演方法——正则化和Chahine算法,对90nm与250nm单峰分布、50nm与200nm双峰分布、100nm与300nm双峰分布的模拟动态光散射数据,以及105nm、300nm标准颗粒的实测动态光散射数据进行了反演分析.结果表明:噪声水平的高低是影响粒度分布反演准确性的关键因素之一,反演结果的准确性随噪声水平的增加而降低,噪声水平超过某一阈值后,将无法得到有意义的反演结果;不同反演方法具有不同的抗噪能力,在低噪声水平下反演结果无显著差别,随着噪声水平的增加,反演结果表现出很大差异;正则化方法通过正则参数的选择可以有效抑制噪声影响,表现出强于Chahine算法的抗噪能力;与Chahine算法相比,正则化方法不需要假定初始分布,因此,在噪声较大的实验或生产过程中进行颗粒分布测量时,宜采用正则化方法.     

基于有限元方法的Kirchhoff板上动态分布载荷的辨识

借助有限元法研究Kirchhoff板上动态分布载荷的辨识问题.为了反演右端载荷,选择板表面的应变作为已知的附加信息.使用基于FFT算法的Laplace数值变换及其逆变换,以方便处理系统的动态行为.根据Kirchhoff板的应变-位移关系得到的线性控制系统是病态的,为此使用Tikhonov正则化和L-curve方法进行求解.数值算例结果表明,载荷反演策略是行之有效的.     

动态光散射测量的复惩罚正则化反演

多峰颗粒体系粒度及其分布的测量是动态光散射技术的难点,本文在Tikhonov正则化方法的目标函数中加入具有平坦约束功能的惩罚项,增强对解的约束提高对多峰颗粒体系的反演性能.190/443nm、282/953nm、457/553nm双峰分布颗粒体系、564nm单峰分布颗粒体系和292/591/889nm三峰颗粒体系的模拟数据,以及306/974nm、300/502nm双峰颗粒体系的实测数据的反演表明,在正则化反演中增加具有平坦约束功能的惩罚项,可有效消除反演的颗粒粒度分布中出现的毛刺与虚假峰,提高算法的峰值分辨能力和抗噪能力.该研究在发挥多角度动态光散射技术测量中、大超细颗粒时具有信息量多的优势,实现宽范围的双峰及多峰分布颗粒体系的准确测量.     

Deconvolution method for recovering the photon time-of-flight distribution from time-resolved measurements

A nonparametric deconvolution algorithm for recovering the photon time-of-flight distribution (TOFD) from time-resolved (TR) measurements is described. The algorithm combines wavelet denoising and a two-stage deconvolution method based on generalized singular value decomposition and Tikhonov regularization. The efficacy of the algorithm was tested on simulated and experimental TR data and the results show that it can recover the photon TOFD with high fidelity. Combined with the microscopic Beer-Lambert law, the algorithm enables accurate quantification of absorption changes from arbitrary time-of-flight windows, thereby optimizing the depth sensitivity provided by TR measurements.     

Spectral semi-blind deconvolution with hybrid regularization

A spectral semi-blind deconvolution with hybrid regularization (SBD-HR) is proposed to recover the spectrum and to estimate the parameter of the point spread function (PSF) adaptively. Firstly, a weighted Tikhonov regularization term about the spectrum is presented to preserve the details of spectrum. Then the regularization term about the PSF is modeled as L1-norm instead of L2-norm to enhance the stability of kernel estimation. The numerical solution processes for recovering the spectrum and for estimating the parameter of the PSF are deduced. Simulation results of infrared spectrum deconvolution demonstrate that the proposed method can recover the spectrum better from the degraded spectrum and estimate the parameter of the PSF accurately.     

二维有耗色散介质的时域逆散射方法

为了重建二维有耗色散介质的电参数分布,基于Debye模型,应用泛函分析和变分法,提出一种时域逆散射新方法.该方法首先以最小二乘准则构造目标函数,将逆问题表示为约束最小化问题,接着应用罚函数法转化为无约束最小化问题,然后基于变分计算导出闭式的Lagrange函数关于特征参数的Fréchet导数,最后借助梯度算法和时域有限差分法迭代反演Debye模型参数.为了对抗噪声污染和逆问题的病态特性,采用了一阶Tikhonov正则化方法.数值应用中,利用Polak-Ribière-Polyak非线性共轭梯度法,对二维乳     

AN INVERSE AEROACOUSTIC PROBLEM ON ROTOR WAKE/STATOR INTERACTION

An inverse aeroacoustic model on rotor wake/stator interaction is proposed based on the linearized Euler equations. The sound field is related to the pressure distribution on the stator surface in the form of a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind which is a well-known ill-posed problem. Since the sound field is fully specified, numerical inversion allows the reconstruction of the pressure distribution on the stator surface. For solving the discrete ill-posed problem, the singular-value decomposition technique coupled with the Tikhonov regularization method is applied to stabilize the solution. The optimal regularization parameter is chosen by the generalized cross-validation criterion and the discrete Picard condition is employed to analyze the ill-posedness of the inverse problem. Numerical results show that the reconstruction is fairly good when the signal-to-noise ratio is not very low. The results become inaccurate when the noise dominates over the observer signal. In addition, numerical results also indicate the importance of the reduced frequency. The higher the reduced frequency, the better the reconstruction results.     

Analysis of the Pulsed Electro-acoustic signal treatment recorded on electron beam irradiated dielectrics

To study the space charge distribution in the bulk of dielectric materials irradiated by an electron beam the Pulse Electro Acoustic (PEA) method has been selected. However this method offers a limited resolution and doesn't allow the detection of injected charges when they are too close to the surface. Actually, it is difficult to separate the negative injected charges a few micrometers below the surface from positive induced surface charges. In this work, we focus our attention on the deconvolution process that is commonly used to recover the space charge distribution. The aim is to determine the more appropriate resolution factor that appears in the treatment software. A link between the resolution factor and the cutting frequency of the Gaussian filter that is introduced in the deconvolution process to get rid of the high frequency noise is established. Then, the relation between the spreading factor of the surface charge and the resolution factor introduced in the calculation is analyzed. From experimental data it is shown that the choice of the resolution factor can be of mayor importance in order to obtain an accurate space charge distribution especially at the interface.     

细菌觅食优化算法在光散射法颗粒粒度反演中的应用

针对函数约束算法中传统的智能算法反演时存在鲁棒性差和易陷入局部最优的缺点,提出了将正则化理论与细菌觅食优化算法相结合应用在颗粒粒度的测量中。引入Tikhonov平滑泛函来构建算法的目标函数,采用L曲线法确定正则化参数;再利用细菌觅食优化算法通过趋向、聚群、复制和迁徙等四种智能行为,迭代计算来搜寻函数的最优解。实验仿真结果表明:利用细菌觅食优化算法实现了在不同程度的随机噪声下的服从J-SB分布的单峰分布的均匀球形颗粒粒度分布反演,其反演结果更稳定,反演精度高,对于实现稳定、快速、准确的颗粒粒度在线测量具有重要的意义。     

模糊条码图像的正则化复原算法

由条码扫描仪获得条码图像的过程可以用理想条码信号与扫描仪光学系统点扩散函数的卷积模型来描述。反卷积是消除由光学系统点扩散带来的模糊现象的最好办法。为克服反卷积的病态问题,研究了反卷积的正则化方法;针对条码信号的特点,构建了适合于条码信号复原的惩罚项,提出了条码信号的正则化复原算法及其适合于计算机运算的迭代算法。通过实验研究了算法在不同情况下的抗干扰能力。实验结果表明,正则化条码信号复原算法在消除系统点扩散函数的影响的同时能够很好地抑制噪声。     

Regularization for improving the deconvolution in real-time near-field acoustic holography

Near-field acoustic holography is a measuring process for locating and characterizing stationary sound sources from measurements made by a microphone array in the near-field of the acoustic source plane. A technique called real-time near-field acoustic holography (RT-NAH) has been introduced to extend this method in the case of nonstationary sources. This technique is based on a formulation which describes the propagation of time-dependent sound pressure signals on a forward plane using a convolution product with an impulse response in the time-wavenumber domain. Thus the backward propagation of the pressure field is obtained by deconvolution. Taking the evanescent waves into account in RT-NAH improves the spatial resolution of the solution but makes the deconvolution problem "ill-posed" and often yields inappropriate solutions. The purpose of this paper is to focus on solving this deconvolution problem. Two deconvolution methods are compared: one uses a singular value decomposition and a standard Tikhonov regularization and the other one is based on optimum Wiener filtering. A simulation involving monopoles driven by nonstationary signals demonstrates, by means of objective indicators, the accuracy of the time-dependent reconstructed sound field. The results highlight the advantage of using regularization and particularly in the presence of measurement noise.     

Quasi-stationary numerical model of the dielectric barrier discharge

The aim of this paper is to present a numerical algorithm for investigating the dynamic characteristics of a simple model of the dielectric barrier discharge in air. The proposed algorithm is based on the finite element method and is capable of determining the distribution of electric field intensity and space charge density in the point-plane geometry, when the plane is covered with a thin dielectric layer and the needle is energized with a sinusoidal voltage. The simulation results show the behavior of corona current and space charge density for a few values of the input voltage and frequency. The aim of this parametric study is to investigate the effect of voltage, and frequency on the time variation of the discharge.