首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
Nd-Fe-B永磁合金腐蚀产物的拉曼光谱研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文应用拉曼光谱法,研究了Nd—Fe—B永磁合金在NaCl,NaHSO_4水溶液及大气环境中的腐蚀产物组成及其变化。测定结果表明,Nd—Fe—B合金大气腐蚀产物的主要组成为:Nd(OH)_3,γ—FeOOH,α—FeOOH,Fe_3O_4及B_2O_3,在NaCl溶液中则有NdCl_3生成。在不同PH值的NaHSO_4溶液中,锈层的组成有所变化。据此,对Nd—Fe—B合金的腐蚀过程与机理进行了探讨。  相似文献   

2.
ICP-AES法测定了洗牙粉中8种元素,由元素的相对含量推测其主要成分为碳酸盐组成。X射线衍射仪分析证实主要含CaCO3和少量的CaMg(CO3)2、CaZn(CO3)2及SiO2。  相似文献   

3.
钢大气腐蚀锈层的红外、拉曼光谱研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
运用红外光谱、拉曼光谱分析的方法,对碳钢A3和低合金钢10CrMoAl经青岛大气腐蚀的锈层样品,进行了比较测试,综合分析得出锈层中主要组成物相为α-Fe2O3,γ-FeOOH,α-FeOOH,δ-FeOOH,Fe3O4,以及各组成物相相对含量随腐蚀时间的变化情况.  相似文献   

4.
拉曼光谱对古青铜矛腐蚀情形的无损研究   总被引:8,自引:3,他引:5  
应用显微拉曼光谱对云南楚雄万家坝出土的古青铜矛进行无损研究 ,可确定其腐蚀产物的成分及在样品上的位置 ,还可帮助分析青铜矛所经历的腐蚀环境。腐蚀产物的主要成分有 Cu2 O和 Cu CO3.Cu( OH) 2 。本文还辅以电子探针测试 ,对矛尖的抗腐蚀性作了分析研究。与传统的鉴别方法如电镜、X光衍射等分析法相比较 ,拉曼光谱被证实是对金属器物作无损检测的一种非常有用的方法  相似文献   

5.
青铜器锈蚀研究能够揭示出青铜器腐蚀机理,为制定科学的保护措施提供重要的参考资料。目前,青铜器锈蚀研究主要从其外部锈蚀产物入手,通过锈蚀组成结构分析,探讨其腐蚀机理。本文选择了保存较好青铜器本体样品进行了内部锈蚀情况研究。首先采用金相制备技术,通过打磨、抛光和超声清洗处理后,制备了断面相组织形态清晰的24件秦早期青铜器青铜本体样品。然后利用共聚焦显微拉曼光谱仪对样品夹杂物进行了光谱学研究,发现其物相为PbCO3和PbO及Cu2O,都属于常见的青铜合金腐蚀产物。样品金相组织中圆形或者大面积无规则亮灰色区域为Cu2O,反映出青铜器表面不仅易于形成一定厚度Cu2O锈蚀层,在相界之间也容易发生氧化反应生成Cu2O,存在合金内部和外部同时发生腐蚀生成赤铜矿锈蚀的情况。此外,拉曼光谱分析显示黑灰色物质主要为铅腐蚀产物——PbCO3和PbO,反映出铅元素的腐蚀过程:Pb→PbO→PbCO3。在铸造态青铜合金组织中,铅一般呈近圆形颗粒状态分布在相界之间。青铜器内部分布的铅颗粒在土壤埋藏环境中会发生氧化反应生成PbO,再与地下水中溶解的CO2-3发生化学反应生成比较稳定的PbCO3。结果表明:外界腐蚀因素(水、溶解氧和碳酸根等)能够通过合金中相界间通道进入青铜器内部,在相界表面逐步发生反应形成以金属氧化物为主的腐蚀产物。  相似文献   

6.
拉曼光谱分析青铜器本体中锈蚀产物   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
青铜器锈蚀研究能够揭示出青铜器腐蚀机理, 为制定科学的保护措施提供重要的参考资料。目前, 青铜器锈蚀研究主要从其外部锈蚀产物入手, 通过锈蚀组成结构分析, 探讨其腐蚀机理。本文选择了保存较好青铜器本体样品进行了内部锈蚀情况研究。首先采用金相制备技术, 通过打磨、抛光和超声清洗处理后, 制备了断面相组织形态清晰的24件秦早期青铜器青铜本体样品。然后利用共聚焦显微拉曼光谱仪对样品夹杂物进行了光谱学研究, 发现其物相为PbCO3和PbO及Cu2O, 都属于常见的青铜合金腐蚀产物。样品金相组织中圆形或者大面积无规则亮灰色区域为Cu2O, 反映出青铜器表面不仅易于形成一定厚度Cu2O锈蚀层, 在相界之间也容易发生氧化反应生成Cu2O, 存在合金内部和外部同时发生腐蚀生成赤铜矿锈蚀的情况。此外, 拉曼光谱分析显示黑灰色物质主要为铅腐蚀产物——PbCO3和PbO, 反映出铅元素的腐蚀过程: Pb→PbO→PbCO3。在铸造态青铜合金组织中, 铅一般呈近圆形颗粒状态分布在相界之间。青铜器内部分布的铅颗粒在土壤埋藏环境中会发生氧化反应生成PbO, 再与地下水中溶解的CO2-3发生化学反应生成比较稳定的PbCO3。结果表明: 外界腐蚀因素(水、溶解氧和碳酸根等)能够通过合金中相界间通道进入青铜器内部, 在相界表面逐步发生反应形成以金属氧化物为主的腐蚀产物。  相似文献   

7.
元代铜镜腐蚀情形的拉曼光谱研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
应用显微拉曼光谱和电子探针技术 ,对云南禄丰出土的元代铜镜腐蚀情形进行研究 ,确定了铜镜本体及其表面腐蚀产物的成分 ,并初步分析了元代青铜镜采用的防腐技术。拉曼实验结果表明 ,铜镜表面腐蚀产物的主要成分有CuCO3 ·Cu(OH) 2 和Cu2 O。实验还发现铜镜表面有一层铁铝合金 ,具有较好的防腐作用。对金属文物的研究 ,拉曼光谱被证明是一种很有效的方法  相似文献   

8.
电致发光色纯性增强的硅基有机微腔   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
报道了硅基有机微腔的电致发光(EL).该微腔由上半透明金属膜、中心有源多层膜和多孔硅分布Bragg反射镜(PS DBR)组成.半透明金属膜由Ag(20nm)构成,充当发光器件的负电极和微腔的上反射镜.有源多层膜由Al (1 nm) / LiF(05 nm) /Alq3/Alq3:DCJTB/NPB/CuPc/ITO/SiO2组成,其中的Al/LiF为电子注入层,ITO为正电极,SiO2为使正、负电极电隔离的介质层.该PS DBR是采用设备简单、成本低廉且非常省时的电化学腐蚀法用单晶Si来制备的;该PS 关键词: 电化学腐蚀 电致发光 窄峰发射 硅基有机微腔  相似文献   

9.
Fe/Al混合膜的PLD法制备及表面分析   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
 采用脉冲激光气相沉积(PLD)技术制备了Fe/Al混合膜,测量了该混合膜的光电子能谱(XPS),并采用原子力显微镜(AFM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对Fe/Al混合膜作了表面分析。结果表明:Fe/Al混合膜的表面粗糙度对衬底温度有明显的依赖性, 随着衬底温度的升高,薄膜的表面逐渐变得平滑,膜层变得致密,在200 ℃衬底温度下制得了均方根(rms)粗糙度为0.154 nm、具有原子尺度光滑性的Fe/Al混合膜, 膜中Fe和Al分布比较均匀,其成分比约为1∶3,同时XPS分析也表明Fe/Al混合膜暴露在空气中后表面形成了Al2O3和FeO氧化层。  相似文献   

10.
氧化镁薄膜的腐蚀速率研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
蔡长龙  刘欢  马卫红  刘卫国 《光子学报》2006,35(10):1547-1550
研究了以氧化镁(MgO)为牺牲层材料制作热成像阵列器件过程中MgO膜层在磷酸溶液中的湿法腐蚀特性,包括横向腐蚀速率和纵向腐蚀速率,获得了MgO膜层的腐蚀速率随磷酸溶液浓度和温度变化的关系曲线,并得到了用于制作图形和制作悬空结构的较好工艺参量.  相似文献   

11.
Four samples of steels with alloying elements were exposed to an industrial environment during 1,955 days, aiming to elucidate the effect of the alloying elements Cu and Ni on the resistance of weathering steels to corrosion processes. The samples were characterized with optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), saturation magnetization measurements and with energy dispersive (EDS), infrared, Mössbauer and Raman spectroscopies. All the steels originated orange and dark corrosion layers; their thicknesses were determined from the SEM images. EDS data of such rust layers showed that the alloying element content decreases from the steel core towards the outer part of the rust layer. Moreover, in the dark rust layer some light-gray regions were identified in the W and Cu-alloy steel, where relatively higher Cr and Cu contents were found. XRD patterns, infrared, Raman and Mössbauer spectra (298, 110 and 4 K) indicated that the corrosion products are qualitatively the same, containing lepidocrocite (γFeOOH; hereinafter, it may be referred to as simply L), goethite (αFeOOH; G), feroxyhite (δ′FeOOH; F), hematite (αFe2O3; H) and magnetite (Fe3O4; M) in all samples; this composition does not depend upon the steel type, but their relative concentrations is related to the alloying element. Mössbauer data reveal the presence of (super)paramagnetic iron oxides in the corrosion products. Saturation magnetization measurements suggest that feroxyhite may be an occurring ferrimagnetic phase in the rust layer.  相似文献   

12.
The component and structure of CO2 corrosion scale formed on N80 tubing steel were studied by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the electrochemical property of N80 steel covered by corrosion scale was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results shows a double-layer structure of the corrosion scale, in which the principal component of the outer layer is FeCO3 with a limited amount of ∂-FeOOH; while for the inner scale, FeCO3 is still the major component, but some Fe positions in FeCO3 lattice are substituted by Ca, and form a composite compound of (Fe,Ca)CO3 in the inner scale. EIS study shows that the anodic impedance spectrum has three time constants, i.e., the capacitance at high frequency, Warburg impedance at middle frequency and capacitance at low frequency.  相似文献   

13.
The determination of the surface oxide layer composition is vital to facilitate the adjustment of the sintering conditions for sufficient removal of the surface oxides for providing strong metal bonding between the metal particles during sintering. To systematically investigate the composition, morphology and thickness of the surface oxide the influence of manganese content from 0.3 to 1.8 wt.% on the surface products composition in the case of water atomized steel powder was evaluated. Analysis of the powder surfaces by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy in combination with X-ray microanalysis showed that powder particles in all cases are covered by heterogeneous oxide layer, composed of particulate features of thermodynamically stable oxides (Cr-Mn-Si) and homogeneous iron surface oxide layer in between. For increasing alloying content the fraction of stable oxide cations in the surface layer increases linearly, whereas the thickness of the iron oxide layer decreases. Moreover, from the investigation of the sintering and degassing behavior by thermal analysis coupled with mass-spectrometry (TG/DTA + MS), three different stages of carbothermal reduction process were observed and their correlation with surface oxides composition was established during sintering in argon.  相似文献   

14.
采用背散射电子扫描显微镜、电子衍射能谱和X射线衍射等分析方法,研究了浸泡在300~700℃的液态锡(Sn)中24h后的低活化马氏体/铁素体钢CLF-1的腐蚀行为。研究结果表明,在所有测试温度下液态锡对CLF-1钢表面均有不同程度的腐蚀,主要腐蚀机制为化合溶解腐蚀。铬(Cr)以单质形式溶解沉淀,液态锡与铁在CLF-1钢表面反应生成由铁锡化合物构成的腐蚀层。当温度低于500℃时,腐蚀层厚度近似为一常量,约8μm,化学成分为FeSn2。当温度高于500℃时,腐蚀层厚度随温度线性增加,腐蚀层呈双层结构,分别为CLF-1边界处的FeSn层和覆盖在其表面的FeSn2层。  相似文献   

15.
The effects of Cl on the corroded surface layer of 00Cr22Ni5Mo3N duplex stainless steel under cavitation in chloride solutions were investigated using nanoindentation in conjunction with XRD and XPS. The results demonstrate that Cl had a strong effect on the nano-mechanical properties of the corroded surface layer under cavitation, and there was a threshold Cl concentration. Furthermore, a close relationship between the nano-mechanical properties and the cavitation corrosion resistance of 00Cr22Ni5Mo3N duplex stainless steel was observed. The degradation of the nano-mechanical properties of the corroded surface layer was accelerated by the synergistic effect between cavitation erosion and corrosion. A key factor was the adsorption of Cl, which caused a preferential dissolution of the ferrous oxides in the passive film layer on the corroded surface layer. Cavitation further promoted the preferential dissolution of the ferrous oxides in the passive film layer. Simultaneously, cavitation accelerated the erosion of the ferrite in the corroded surface layer, resulting in the degradation of the nano-mechanical properties of the corroded surface layer on 00Cr22Ni5Mo3N duplex stainless steel under cavitation.  相似文献   

16.
Plasma-nitriding is used to improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of plastic mold steels by modifying the surface layers of these steels. In this study, a precipitation hardenable plastic mold steel (NAK80) was plasma-nitrided at 470, 500, and 530 °C for 4, 8, and 12 h under 25% N2 + 75% H2 atmosphere in an industrial nitriding facility. The microstructures of the base material and nitrided layers as well as the core hardness were examined, and various phases present were determined by X-ray diffraction. The corrosion behaviors were evaluated using anodic polarization tests and salt fog spray tests in 3.5% NaCl solution.The results had shown that plasma-nitriding does not cause the core to soften by overaging. Nitriding and aging could be achieved simultaneously in the same treatment cycle. Plasma-nitriding of NAK80 mold steel produced a nitrided layer composed of an outer compound layer constituting a mixture of ?-nitride and γ′-nitride and an adjacent nitrogen diffusion layer on the steel surface. The amount of ?-nitride and total nitrides increased with an increase in nitriding temperature and nitriding time. Corrosion study revealed that plasma-nitriding significantly improved the corrosion resistance in terms of corrosion potential, corrosion and pitting current density, and corrosion rate. This improvement was found to be directly related to the increase in the amount of ?-nitride at the surface, indicating the amount of ?-nitride controlling the corrosion resistance.  相似文献   

17.
以焦炉上升管内壁结焦炭层块为研究对象,采用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)和激光共聚焦拉曼光谱仪(Raman)对结焦炭层的元素组成,以及各结焦炭层的矿物组成、组成结构和分子结构进行测试。分析从结焦炭层块外表面向内表面过渡的各结焦炭层的差异性,揭示焦炉上升管内壁结焦机理。结果表明焦炉上升管内粉尘中Fe,S和Cr极易催化荒煤气中蒽、萘等稠环芳烃化合物成炭,在焦炉上升管内壁形成炭颗粒沉积,为焦油凝结挂壁提供载体,在荒煤气温度降至结焦温度时易结焦积碳。结焦炭层均含有芳香层结构,随着结焦炭层从外表面向内表面过渡,各结焦炭层的面层间距(d002)逐渐降低、层片直径(La)先降低后增加、层片堆砌高度(Lc)和芳香层数(N)先稳定后增加。结焦炭层石墨化过程是由结焦炭层内表面向外表面进行,主要包括其片层外缘的羧基和部分C-O结构的降解剥离,从而形成高度规整的共轭结构。结焦炭层块中C元素是以结晶碳与无定型碳的混合物形式存在。以上研究为解决焦炉上升管内壁结焦及腐蚀问题,提高换热器换热效率,有效回收焦炉荒煤气显热,降低焦化企业能耗提供实验基础和理论依据。  相似文献   

18.
The corrosion products on steels exposed at two sites in Campeche, México and one site at Kure Beach, USA, have been investigated to determine the extent to which different marine conditions and exposure times control the oxide formation. The corroded coupons were analyzed by Mössbauer, Raman and infrared spectroscopy as well as X‐ray diffraction, in order to completely identify the oxides and map their location in the corrosion coating. The coating compositions were determined by Mössbauer spectroscopy using a new parameter, the relative recoilless fraction (F-value) which gives the atomic fraction of iron in each oxide phase from the Mössbauer sub‐spectral areas. For short exposure times, less than three months, an amorphous oxyhydroxide was detected after which a predominance of lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH), and akaganeite (β-FeOOH) were observed in the corrosion coatings with the fraction of the later phase increasing at sites with higher atmospheric chloride concentrations. The analysis also showed that small clusters of magnetite (Fe3O4), and maghemite (γ(Fe2O3), were seen in the micro-Raman spectra but were not always identified by Mössbauer spectroscopy. For longer exposure times, goethite (α-FeOOH), was also identified but little or no β-FeOOH was observed. It was determined by the Raman analysis that the corrosion products generally consisted of inner and outer layers. The protective layer, which acted as a barrier to slow further corrosion, consisted of the α-FeOOH and nano-sized γ-Fe2O3 phases and corresponded to the inner layer close to the steel substrate. The outer layer was formed from high γ-FeOOH and low α-FeOOH concentrations.  相似文献   

19.
In this study, conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy (CEMS) has been utilized for identifying the nature of initial corrosion products formed on the surface of steel under different environments and measurement of relative thickness of corrosion products formed. CEMS studies on mild steel exposed under different environments, viz. mild steel sprayed with (1) distilled water (2) 3% NaCl and (3) mild steel exposed to SO2 were carried out. The initial stable product of corrosion is found to be γ-FeOOH, which will transform into other oxyhydroxides and oxides, depending on environments. The mechanisms for the corrosion processes occurring under different conditions are also discussed.  相似文献   

20.
The performance of hot-dip galvanic coating formed on steel not only depends on the alloy composition of the superficial layer but also significantly, on the composition of the inner alloy layers at the coating/substrate interface. Further, the presence of barrier oxide layers, if any can also improve the performance of galvanic coating. In the present work, the effect of inner iron oxide barrier layer formed prior to hot-dip galvanization was investigated. A continuous and adherent iron oxide layer was formed on steel by anodic oxidation of the steel substrate. Although the wettability of oxide surface by liquid zinc was initially poor, the increase in dipping time and the transition of the oxide layer to unstable form due to the presence of Cl ion in the flux facilitated localized growth of Fe-Zn alloy phases. The inhibitive nature of the oxide layer was temporary, since the presence of Cl induces micro cracks on the oxide surface thereby facilitating better zinc diffusion. The modification of the substrate structure during galvanization was found to influence the galvanizing process significantly. The present study predicts scope for application of this process for protection of rusted steel specimens too.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号