Exchanging digital video of laryngeal examinations

Laryngeal examinations, especially stroboscopic examinations, are increasingly recorded using digital video formats on computer media, rather than using analog formats on videotape. It would be useful to share these examinations with other medical professionals in formats that would facilitate reliable and high-quality playback on a personal computer by the recipients. Unfortunately, a personal computer is not well designed for reliable presentation of artifact-free video. It is particularly important that laryngeal video play without artifacts of motion or color because these are often the characteristics of greatest clinical interest. With proper tools and procedures, and with reasonable compromises in image resolution and the duration of the examination, digital video of laryngeal examinations can be reliably exchanged. However, the tools, procedures, and formats for recording, converting to another digital format ("transcoding"), communicating, copying, and playing digital video with a personal computer are not familiar to most medical professionals. Some understanding of digital video and the tools available is required of those wanting to exchange digital video. Best results are achieved by recording to a digital format best suited for recording (such as MJPEG or DV),judiciously selecting a segment of the recording for sharing, and converting to a format suited to distribution (such as MPEG1 or MPEG2) using a medium suited to the situation (such as e-mail attachment, CD-ROM, a "clip" within a Microsoft PowerPoint presentation, or DVD-Video). If digital video is sent to a colleague, some guidance on playing files and using a PC media player is helpful.     

Laryngeal function in wind instrumentalists: The woodwinds

Utilizing fiberoptic laryngoscopy, we describe the dynamics of laryngeal action in woodwind instrumentalists. This laryngeal function included patterns of vocal fold motion and changes in laryngeal postures which vary with the type of instrument, muscial style of playing, and individual differences of performers.     

视频判读系统分析

本文就光电测量提出了以CCD进行视频捕获,将获得的视频图象通过采集卡滤波、A/D转换为数字图象,存储在计算机内存中,根据具体要求选择相应的算法,由计算机对其进行分析处理.     

Repetitive Phonatory Tasks for Identifying Vocal Fold Paresis

Vocal fold paresis may be present in patients with voice complaints. Identification of paresis is important so that appropriate neurolaryngologic evaluation can be ordered and the appropriate treatment can be offered. Repetitive phonatory tasks (RPTs) fatigue patients vocally and may elicit signs of subtle paresis. In this study, four laryngologists independently reviewed the RPT portions of routine fiberoptic voice examinations of 100 patients in a blinded fashion. All patients had presented with voice complaints, were suspected of having a movement disorder of the larynx, and had been referred for laryngeal electromyography (LEMG). Predictions were compared with LEMG results and with predictions made at the time of each initial evaluation. Although RPTs are useful to laryngologists, predictions based on the entire examination are more accurate. LEMG can confirm clinical suspicions or identify paresis missed on fiberoptic laryngeal examination.     

基于液晶光阀的视频光学加解密技术研究

高清监控视频的加密传输是一个重要的研究领域,但是随着监控图像清晰程度不断提高,现行视频加密算法的运行开支面临着严峻的考验。因此对视频传输过程中使用光学加解密的可行性进行了探索,提出了基于液晶光阀和双随机相位编码的单通道视频光学加解密技术。该技术的加解密耗时几乎为零,极大提高了视频的传输性能;同时由于光学加解密技术只用在现有视频传输链路的最前端以及末端,不涉及视频编码和传输,增强了系统可用性和通用性。利用Matlab对该方法进行了仿真计算。结果表明,加密后的各通道图像接近白噪声,通过破解的方法恢复原图像的可能性几乎为零;同时可以看到,经过该系统解密之后的图像基本能完全复原。因此该方法在高清化视频日益普及的未来有着广阔的推广价值和应用价值。     

基于FPGA的近红外实时透雾成像方法

针对雾天图像的退化现象,提出采用近红外波段成像和视频图像处理技术相结合的透雾成像方法。根据视频图像相邻两场直方图相似性特点,提出了改进的直方图均衡化算法处理雾天降质图像。改进算法简化系统结构,降低逻辑设计复杂度,节约了高速存储器部分硬件资源。算法经过MATLAB仿真验证,并在FPGA视频图像处理平台上硬件实现。实验证明改进算法增强雾天图像的同时满足标准视频图像处理25帧/秒的实时性要求,结合近红外波段透雾能力使雾天能见距离提高1.5倍以上。     

A real-time video encoded particle imaging tracking technique for velocity measurement

A real-time video encoded particle imaging tracking technique (VPIT) for velocity measurement has been developed. It can currently capture images of a seeded particle flow field at up to a video rate of 25 pictures per second. The method as shown in this paper is suitable for measuring a slow sparsely seeded flow. A VPIT image presents a triplet image pattern. The image has been encoded into a single video frame with the time history of three events. This is achieved by synchronising the video (CCIR) signal from a CCD (charge coupled device) camera, operating in frame integration mode with a suitable light source. The principle of VPIT demonstrates how the direction and the magnitude of the velocity can be recorded for a sequence or track of particles. The VPIT triplet images resolve several common difficulties associated with the application of PIV. Firstly, the time history of the laser pulse can be ‘labeled’ on an individual particle image. Secondly, there is no velocity direction ambiguity in the VPIT image. Thirdly, it is possible to extract the acceleration of the particle from a single VPIT frame. Finally, for a sequence of captured frames, the problems of particle path tracking are simplified, because each VPIT image has a video encoded time sequence ‘labelled’ on it.     

Paradoxical vocal fold movement: A case report

We present a case of one patient with respiratory stridor that was resolved by speech therapy. Paradoxical vocal fold movements were observed by flexible fiberoptic videolaryngoscopy in this patient during episodes of wheezing and dyspnea. Otherwise, normal vocal fold movement was observed in normal conditions of breathing (out of the crisis) and during phonation. Many different terms have been used to describe this entity in the literature, and it is crucial that clinicians recognize the subtle signs of functional stridor. Paradoxical vocal fold motion has to be considered as an important cause of respiratory disease. Its recognition and treatment are discussed in this report.     

Endolaryngeal changes during high-intensity phonation videolaryngoscopic observations

Using a five-part vocal figure and standard fiberoptic techniques, we have analyzed the laryngeal functions of a group of professional singers and have made five observations occurring during high-intensity phonation that contradict the accepted physiologic functioning of the larynx. We have analyzed these contradictions as they relate to the three endolaryngeal sphincters; this was accomplished by the development of a four-component vocal protocol to examine the changes in these laryngeal structures and the degree of independent control of each of these structures possible in this group of specialized subjects. We have attempted to explain our findings based on available data relating to the functions of the intrinsic and extrinsic laryngeal musculature (including the cricothyroideus muscle) and the neurologic mechanisms involved. Finally, we discuss this data as it relates to current vocal training.     

循环侧抑制网络的红外图像预处理FPGA实现研究

在红外成像预处理中,循环侧抑制网络具有很好的增强图像边缘反差、突出边框的功能。由于循环侧抑制网络处理运算的复杂性,如何实时实现循环侧抑制网络的红外图像预处理成为关键问题。根据简化的循环侧抑制网络处理算法,并结合硬件计算特点,提出一种适合于硬件实现循环侧抑制网络的并行处理结构,采用流水线设计方式在FPGA中实时实现。试验证明：该算法在FPGA内具有与视频流同步的实时性,达到了增强反差、突出边框的效果。用于图像目标实时跟踪系统时,极大地提高了目标的跟踪精度和稳定性。     

基于角点匹配的电子稳像算法

提出了一种基于角点匹配的电子稳像算法。分析了Harris角点检测的原理。获得角点后,根据相邻帧对应角点的坐标分布,建立当前帧与参考帧的映射关系,并运用仿射变换模型,以最小二乘解的形式获得帧间全局运动估计矢量。最后,采用Kalman滤波器对运动估计矢量作低通滤波,平滑运动参数,获得运动补偿矢量,实现视频序列的实时稳像。实验表明该算法较好地去除了视频序列的高频抖动,同时保留了摄像机的主动运动,稳像后视频序列的峰值信噪比明显提高。     

基于DSP的实时数字图像处理平台

以TI公司TMS320C6711DSP为核心处理单元,设计了一套实时图像处理系统。该系统可以满足远程监控、电视电话等诸多实时视频/图像处理的需求。从视频采集模块、图像处理模块和视频输出模块对整个系统的构成和设计进行了描述,分析了系统设计时的各个关键技术环节。使用了许多图像算法对系统的性能进行了实验,证明该系统完全可以完成常用算法的实时处理。     

基于ZedBoard的超分辨率视频复原系统

为了实现超分辨率视频图像的实时复原,设计了以ZedBoard可编程片上系统为基础的超分辨率视频复原系统。系统包括基于V4L2(Video for Linux 2)的USB摄像头视频采集、基于小波变换的超分辨率复原算法处理和基于Qt的图形用户界面制作以及视频输出。采用双线性、双立方和小波变换算法分别对Lena图像进行复原处理,峰值信噪比PSNR值分别为29.516、29.843、31.368。实验结果表明,提出的基于小波的超分辨率复原算法优于传统的插值算法,基于ZedBoard的超分辨视频复原系统复原效果良好。     

Video-Assisted Rigid Endoscopic Laryngosurgery: Application to Cases with Difficult Laryngeal Exposure

In some cases of microlaryngosurgery, laryngeal exposure with a direct laryngoscope is difficult because of a variety of reasons. In such cases, we now use a long rigid endoscope inserted into the side tube of the direct laryngoscope together with a video system. The lesion can be removed while the phonosurgeon observes the magnified images of the larynx on the video monitor. We describe the surgical procedure together with the preoperative and postoperative evaluation of vocal function in 13 patients with benign laryngeal lesions. A good surgical and vocal outcome was achieved in all cases. The method appeared to be useful for treating dysphonia in patients in whom it was difficult to expose the larynx with a direct laryngoscope.     

基于VHDL技术实现视频采集处理器的控制

针对目前视频图像采集技术中图像采样控制复杂，应用不灵活的问题，基于现有视频采样芯片SAA7111，提出一种采用VHDL技术来模拟实现Ｉ２Ｃ总线接口的方法，控制视频采集处理器实现视频图像采集.实验证明,Ｉ２Ｃ总线控制SAA7111采样图像数据正确、稳定.该方法具有非常好的可移植性.     

Nonlocal regularization based on DT-CWT for WMSN video image iterative reconstruction

The prior knowledge of signal is the previous condition of image compressed sensing reconstruction. In order to improve the quality of the priors except for image sparsity, this paper proposes a new model of video image reconstruction. The texture is the important visual feature of video image as a result of its repeat, leading to image global geometrical structures. The nonlocal idea comes from image self-familiar and can represent image detail features from the geometrical point of view. Therefore, the texture geometrical feature of video image is researched, and we take advantage of dual-tree complex wavelet transform to portray the sparsity representation regularization of the texture. What is more, global constrained regularization is constructed with the help of the nonlocal idea. On the basis of the two regularizations above, a new reconstruction model of video image compressed sensing is proposed, which not only preserves the sparsity prior knowledge of image but also improves the quality of prior knowledge of image by promoting geometrical structure. Iterative shrinkage thresholding algorithm is adopted to solve the model leading to a both simple and quick iterative algorithm. Numerical experiments show that our method is efficient for video image recovery, especially preserving the global details of the original video image.     

间歇式高速电视CCD视频图像实时存储系统

针对间歇式高速电视系统中CCD数字图像需要实时无压缩存储的需求,提出一种基于SCSI磁盘阵列的视频图像实时采集存储方案.在磁盘存储速度可行性论证测试的基础上,利用软件技术实现图像数据硬盘实时存储,并将存入硬盘的数据流转换为BMP文件格式加以显示.实验验证了该方案的可行性.     

基于积分图像的人体肢体检测算法

 为了实现视频序列图像中运动人体肢体的检测,提出了一种基于积分图像和类哈尔特征的检测方法,类哈尔特征(Haar like feature)因其固有的特点,适用于检测矩形或类矩形的图像区域,积分图像的特点是可以利用类哈尔特征快速定位人体肢体在图像中的位置。积分图像用于表示视频中的原始图像,边缘检测模板与原始视频每一帧进行卷积之后,通过累加计算可以得到该图像的积分图像,然后利用类哈尔算子,根据设定的阈值,即可以准确定位人体肢体位置。实验结果表明：该方法较背景减除法检测人体肢体准确。     

基于USB2.0块传输方式的实时视频图像传输

通过对USB2.0协议的传输方式和其接口芯片CY7C68013工作方式的简要介绍,利用标准视频图像传输时在场消隐期间没有有用的数据信息的特点,使用块传输的方法取代了通常实时传输数据惯用的等时传输方式。通过在场消隐时间内对采集的数据包进行处理,实现了CCD摄像头采集的视频图像数据与计算机之间的实时传输和显示,为基于USB2.0接口的实时视频图像传输提供了一种实用易行的方法。     

图像处理智能化的发展趋势

介绍了图像处理的发展趋势,对图像处理智能化的理论研究、智能高效的算法和并行处理的硬件系统等几个有关智能图像处理的问题进行了综述与评论。指出无论从军事自动目标识别（ATR）的需求考虑,还是从光学成像仪器的发展,网络视频通信,以及各种高技术的发展来看,图像处理的智能化都具有极其重要的意义,是今后图像处理领域的发展趋势。最后建议近期的工作应围绕在复杂背景下的目标自动捕获（ATA）方面开展研究。