压电超声马达简介

近年来压电超声马达很引入注目．传统的马达是利用电磁力驱动的，而压电超声马达则是利用压电或电致伸缩材料作为驱动源，直接推动可运动的部件产生直线的或旋转的运动．本义重点介绍压电蠕动马达和超声行波马达的原理和简单结构．     

压电陶瓷超声波马达

压电陶瓷超声波马达是利用压电陶瓷材料激发超声波实现驱动的一种新型电机，同传统的电磁马达和静电马达比较，它具有低速下大力矩输出、无电磁干扰、静音操作、保持力矩大、响应速度快、结构简单等特点。在国外，它已经在精密仪器、航天航空、自动控制、办公自动化、微型机械系统、微装配、精密定位等领域得到了实际应用。文章系统地总结了电压陶瓷声马达的特点，简略介绍了国内外相关技术的发展发问及前沿性研究方向，并提出进一步开发研究的几点建议，希望会对我国压电陶瓷声马达的研究以及相应产品的开发起到积极的促进作用。     

超声波马达的发展──国内最新动态

基于最新参考文献与ＩＮＴＥＲＮＥＴ网络查询,本文提出超声马达或压电驱动器在我国科技领域最新的研究成果及其未来走向。其中,能够引起研究人员兴趣的尖端性领域包括;超声马达的微型化;具有多个自由度的压电驱动器;具有新颖结构的压电驱动器;超声马达的振动实验测试;高分辨率的压电驱动器;超声马达的使用寿命;超声马达的动力学模型等。     

一种驻波型超声马达的研究

研制出一种以长条片关压电陶瓷振子作煊子的驻波型超声马达，该马达具有整体结构简单，易于制作与调整、驱动电路合理、运行稳定的特点；由实验研究，测出了其主要性能参数，利用该马达已开发出特性优异的超声步进马达及时钟模型，小型走纸机。     

超声波的物理特性及应用

 历史上研究超声波的动力,不仅在于大自然中超声波的普遍存在.     

超声马达实验

本文介绍超声马达实验的原理和方法，用常规仪器测量并绘制导纳圆图、测量自制超马马达的输入功率和输出力矩。     

超声波电机的原理与应用

 超声波电机(Ultrasonic Motor，USM )是国外近20年发展起来的一种新型电机。事实上，在超声波电机问世之前，已有以压电效应进行驱动的电机，但其频率并不局限于超声波范围内。早在1984年，威廉和布朗就申请了“压电马达”的美国的专利；1964年，前苏联基辅理工学院设计了第一个压电旋转电机；1970～1972年西门子和松下发明了压电步进电机，不过因为无法达到较大的输出转矩而没能实际应用。1980年日本指田年生研制成超声波压电电动机（即现代意义上的超声波电动机），克服了传统压电电动机转换效率低和变位微小的缺陷，使压电电动机进入工业实用阶段。     

弯纵复合超声直线马达的研究

本文研究了一种利用一阶纵振动和二阶弯曲振动的弯纵直线超声马达，采用加粗两端金属块的方法达到频率简并。实验测量得出一阶纵振动为36．6kHz，二阶弯曲振动频率为37．3kHz。利用该马达设计研制了一套驱动装置，经实验测得，当马达的预压力14．3N时，该装置无承载且无负载速度大于6cm／s；该装置承载196N的重物且负载l-2kgf时，仍能正常运行。     

Characteristics of ring type traveling wave ultrasonic motor in vacuum

The characteristics of ultrasonic motor strongly depend on the properties of stator/rotor contact interface which are affected by ambient environment. With the developed apparatus, load properties of two ring type traveling wave ultrasonic motors in atmosphere, low vacuum and high vacuum were studied, respectively. Wear of friction material, variations of vacuum degree and the temperature of motor during the experiment were also measured. The results show that load properties of motor A in vacuum were poorer than those in atmosphere, when load torque M_f was less than 0.55 N m. Compared to motor A, load properties of motor B were affected a little by environmental pressure. Wear of friction material in vacuum was more severe than wear in atmosphere. The temperature of motor in vacuum rose more quickly than it in atmosphere and had not reached equilibrium in 2 h experiment. However, the temperature of motor in atmosphere had reached equilibrium in about forth minutes. Furthermore, outgas was also observed during experiment under vacuum conditions.     

一种纵扭复合换能器型超声马达的原理及实验研究

本文从纵扭振动换能器理论出发，计算了一种新的复合换能器型超声马达，并进行了实验研究，测出了其主要性能参数。     

Stability analysis of the rotor of ultrasonic motor driving fluid directly

The stability of the rotor of ultrasonic motor driving fluid directly is a key to its applications and control. This paper introduced the acoustic streaming and acoustic viscous stress near the boundary layer. Following this, the effect of acoustic viscous force on the stability of the rotor of ultrasonic motor driving fluid directly was presented in detail. The result showed that this system can be equivalent to a mass-spring and the spring constant can be used to weigh the stability of the rotor. By this model and relevant experiments, factors that affect the stability of the rotor such as the driving frequency, the rotor's weight and radius, the saturated acoustic streaming velocity, the mode number of stator vibration, the fluid's height and type are investigated and useful guidelines for design and application are obtained.     

A cylindrical standing wave ultrasonic motor using bending vibration transducer

A cylindrical standing wave ultrasonic motor using bending vibration transducer was proposed in this paper. The proposed stator contains a cylinder and a bending vibration transducer. The two combining sites between the cylinder and the transducer locate at the adjacent wave loops of bending vibration of the transducer and have a distance that equal to the half wave length of bending standing wave excited in the cylinder. Thus, the bending mode of the cylinder can be excited by the bending vibration of the transducer. Two circular cone type rotors are pressed in contact to the end rims of the teeth, and the preload between the rotors and stator is accomplished by a spring and nut system. The working principle of the proposed motor was analyzed. The motion trajectories of teeth were deduced. The stator was designed and analyzed with FEM. A prototype motor was fabricated and measured. Typical output of the prototype is no-load speed of 165 rpm and maximum torque of 0.45 N m at an exciting voltage of 200 V_rms.     

大力矩超声电机

本文综述了大力矩超声电机的应用和研究现状,分析了国内外大力矩超声电机实现的关键问题,展望了大力矩超声电机的应用前景。     

Performance evaluation of traveling wave ultrasonic motor based on a model with visco-elastic friction layer on stator

A new visco-elastic contact model of traveling wave ultrasonic motor (TWUSM) is proposed. In this model, the rotor is assumed to be rigid body and the friction material on stator teeth surface to be visco-elastic body. Both load characteristics of TWUSM, such as rotation speed, torque and efficiency, and effects of interface parameters between stator and rotor on output characteristic of TWUSM can be calculated and simulated numerically by using MATLAB method based on this model. This model is compared with that one of compliant slider and rigid stator. The results show that this model can obtain bigger stall torque. The simulated results are compared with test results, and found that their load characteristics have good agreement.     

多自由度超声电机的研究现状与展望

多自由度超声电机是将两种以上的超声振动模式按照一定的方式组合,通过在定子的表面产生椭圆运动来实现转子的多自由度转动.文中综述了近年来发展起来的几种多自由度超声电机的结构、工作原理和特征,并就多自由度超声电机的工程应用和未来发展方向进行了展望.