激发诱导强化学生的学习兴趣

五年制高职学生，在一年级普遍感到物理课难学．其原因之一是对物理课的学习兴趣不高．因此提高学生的学习兴趣，是学好物理的一个重要因素．激发学生的学习兴趣，其根本就是把教学大纲对学生学习、掌握物理知识的要求，转变为学生求知的欲望．如何有效地完成这种转变，这就要求教师在物理教学过程中，以学生为主，结合学生的思维模式、情感特性，运用恰当的教学方法和教学手段，激发学生的学习兴趣、调动学生思维的主动性和积极性，提高物理教学的效果．     

例谈中学物理学习情境的创设策略

物理学习情境的创设是物理教学中的一个薄弱环节，不少物理教师受“题海战术”的影响，教学中把过多的时间和精力放在提出物理概念、规律、公式后的习题讲解分析上，而对它们得出的过程关注不够，无法深切理解物理学的思想方法，感悟不到物理的真谛．学生由于满脑子的小球、斜面、木块、子弹、轻杆等抽象的模型，一旦碰到具体的实际问题往往手足无措，对物理与生活、生产和科技社会的联系没有真切的感受，不能学以致用．因此，新课程对物理教学的情境创设提出了新的要求：“教师有必要对一些探究的物理问题创设一些情境，让学生在观察和体验后有所发现、有所联想、萌发出科学问题”，让学生通过情境化的物理知识学习，加深对物理知识的理解，提高学生物理学习的兴趣和运用物理知识解决实际问题的能力．本文根据学习情境的基本理论，提出了一些物理学习情境创设的方法和思路，期望对物理教师有所启示．     

利用信息技术创设信息化物理学习情境

创设情境，是教师根据教学内容，提供一种具体的生活学习情境，让学生设身处地的感受，使学生乐学、学好所采取的一种教学手段．利用多媒体、教师局域网和互联网的优势，创设生动的社会文化、自然情境，可激发学生学习兴趣，培养学生自主探究学习能力和创新素质．本文就运用现代信息技术创设教学情境，优化物理教与学过程谈点粗浅的看法。     

如何激发学生学习物理兴趣

作为教师，如果面对的是一群兴趣索然、毫无求知欲的学生，是难以取得令人满意的教学效果的．如何激发学生学习物理的兴趣，关键要根据物理学科特点，采用恰当的教学方法，使学习过程本身有趣，有吸引力，来唤起学生的求知欲．１第一次课，就激起学生学习物理的兴趣新生入...     

物理教学中应调动学生的“五官”感受领悟物理学中的“美”

根据新课标的精神及自己的教学实践，提出了在物理教学中应充分调动学生的“五官”感受，让他们领悟物理学中的“美”，提高物理学习的兴趣与热情。     

培养学生良好心理素质帮助学生战胜学习挫折

高中物理是一门学生普遍感到难学的课程，同时教师也感到难教．高中学生在学习物理的过程中遇到的困难，主要是知识难度和学习方法两方面．高中物理知识难度有明显增加，物理现象复杂，分析问题时要从多方面、多层次来探索研究，造成了学生理解上的困难．抽象思维多于形象思维，因此产生了思维上的困难；另外，学生缺乏在理解上下功夫，不善于对物理过程的分析．在听课、完成作业、自学等方面仍停留在初中时的方法上，也就是说，即使到了高中阶段，学生的物理思维还比较“幼稚”，未能达到成熟和定型，致使对高中物理的学习很不适应，造成了学习方法上的困难．由于诸多因素的影响，使许多学生形成了学习物理的心理障碍，逐渐失去学习物理的兴趣．因此教师必须及时了解受挫学生的情绪反应，积极疏导他们的受挫心理，热情帮助他们去战胜挫折，树立自信，重新获得学习的成功．     

加强素质教育 培养学生能力

随着科学技术的迅猛发展，教学改革的不断深入，素质教育已成为广大中专物理教师的重要课题．物理教师有责任吸引学生成为物理爱好者．要用最好的教学方法吸引学生，要用真挚感情去感染学生和影响学生，以激发他们的学习兴趣，成为学习的主人，使学生愉快地接受物理知识的...     

中国医科大学物理课教学改革的思考与实践

目的:结合作者在中国医科大学物理教学实践,对医科院校物理教学中的共性问题进行了思考,尝试通过教学改革的实践探索提高教学质量,培养医学生的逻辑思维能力和创新能力,提高其综合素质.方法:通过借鉴美国物理课教学的先进经验,结合中国医科大学自身特点,从教学内容和授课方式等方面进行教学改革,尤其是结合最新的科研进展和热点体现物理知识的实用性.结果:在教学实践过程中,上述教学改革激发了学生学习物理的情趣,提高了学生自主学习能力和解决实际问题的能力.结论:将教学与科研相结合,解决实际问题的教学实践可以为我国医科院校物理课的教学改革提供切实可行的参考方案.     

新课程标准下的初中物理兴趣教学法

浓厚的学习兴趣,是推动中学生主动参予学习过程的强大的内部动力,对于充分调动中学生的非智力因素,进一步提高教学水平,无疑是非常有效的.培养学生的学习兴趣,也是新课程标准的要求之一.鉴于此,教师在初中物理教学过程中,应采取灵活多样的教学策略,有效激发初中学生的物理学习兴趣,以提高物理教学效率,达成预期的教学目的.     

让枯燥的概念和公式充满激情——谈物理老师的幸福感

教师的幸福源于学生对自己的学科感兴趣,能够出成绩,但是学生在学习物理过程中常常因物理概念抽象,公式枯燥,在学习过程中缺乏成功感,而失去物理学习的兴趣,本文从物理教师的烦心事分析,分析教学中常常晕倒的问题,并最终分析如何解决。     

Radionuclides in deposition in the Ignalina NPP region in 2005

Results of radionuclide activity concentration measurements in deposition and ground-level air conducted at the station of the Institute of Physics situated 3.5 km from the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (Ignalina NPP) in 2005 are analyzed. Atmospheric depositional fluxes of ⁷Be, ⁶⁰Co and ¹³⁷Cs are estimated. Radionuclide particle deposition rates are calculated. The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model of the global dispersion and deposition is used to explain variations in the ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration in the ground-level air in the Ignalina NPP region in 2005. An increase in the ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration of up to 17.4 μBq m⁻³ on 30 October-5 November is studied. Modelling results show that the Chernobyl NPP Unit 4 Sarcophagus and the radiocaesium resuspension from the Chernobyl NPP accident polluted regions are sources of ¹³⁷Cs to the environment of the Ignalina NPP. Results on solubility in water of aerosols — carriers of ¹³⁷Cs — are discussed.     

Scale-free phenomenon in industries in China

In this paper, we investigate the data of industries in China and find that the frequency distributions of fixed assets and fixed-assets’ investment of industries obey power laws. We show that these power-law modes can be explained by the rules of the Simon Model, rather than the existing investment theories such as the classical investment theory or acceleration principle. Moreover, the mechanism of the investment distribution may be similar to the forest-fire model of self-organizing criticality. By introducing the complex system methods, this research changes the traditional opinion of the investment and gains some meaningful understanding in the dynamics of industries and the economic cycle.     

Absorption in the final state in reactions and decays in the medium

The role of strong absorption of particles in intermediate and final states has been considered. The range of applicability of phenomenological models of absorption has been studied. This model is nonuniversal. Its applicability depends on the type of interaction Hamiltonian and matrix element used. We also demonstrate that the violation of the unitarity condition can produce a qualitative error in the results. The absorption (decay) in the final state does not tend to suppress the total process probability as well as the probability of the channel corresponding to absorption. This is true for the reactions, decays and nˉ conversion in the medium.     

室内声学中散射研究进展

近20年,界面散射研究在声场预测、定量测量和产品研发等方面取得了重要进展,加深了我 们对散射及其作用的认识。人们可以定量地评估、设计和优化散射产品,用更加丰富的手法进行室内 音质设计。     

国内CIDEP研究进展

化学诱导动态电子极化（CIDEP）是检测瞬态顺磁粒子并表征其特征的强有力的手段,对于研究光化学和光物理瞬态过程的微观机理和规律有重要意义. 本文较为详细地总结了4种常见的CIDEP机理,讨论了各种极化谱及相应的极化条件;简要介绍了国内研究小组在CIDEP理论以及在均相溶液和微复相体系中光化学过程的CIDEP研究成果.      

On phase-coherence in rescattering in multiphoton ionization and in higher-order harmonic generation

Summary  The recently discovered plateau and rings in high-order multiphoton ionization apparently have their origin in rescattering. Similarly, rescattering is involved in higher-order harmonic generation. Using a simple one-dimensional model, it is shown that the phase-coherence in this rescattering process is of considerable importance. The authors of this paper have agreed to not receive the proofs for correction. This work has been supported by the East-West Program of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and by the Austrian Ministry of Science and Transportation under project no. 45.372/2-IV/6/97. One of us (JZK) acknowledges the support of the Polish Committee of Scientific Research (grant KBN 2 P03B 007 13).     

Frequency-doubling in self-induced waveguides in lithium niobate

Efficient frequency-doubling is experimentally demonstrated in presence of beam self-trapping in congruent lithium niobate crystal. The self-trapping is induced by the generated second harmonic beam via photorefractive effect under an external applied field. The local space charge field distribution, formed by the second harmonic beam, is shown to efficiently trap both wavelengths. The dynamics of self-focusing is studied along with the power evolution of the second harmonic beam. Fast tuning of phase matching conditions in the written waveguide is realized by an externally applied voltage also used for the photorefractive confinement.     

Intermolecular interactions in acetonitrile in a liquid and in a low-temperature argon matrix

IR spectra of acetonitrile embedded in an argon matrix and in a liquid are recorded. IR spectra of specimens obtained with different concentrations of acetonitrile in argon are analyzed. The spectral region of C≡N vibrations of 2200–2300 cm⁻¹ with bands of monomers and possible associates is investigated. Overlap with the band of a hot transition on the low-frequency side is responsible for the pronounced asymmetry of the band ν(C≡N). To whom correspondence should be addressed. St. Petersburg State Institute of Precision Mechanics and Optics (Technical University), 14, Sablinskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 66, No. 5, pp. 627–631, September–October, 1999.     

Synergism in electron gas in crossed fields

An electron gas in crossed electric and magnetic fields of arbitrary strength is considered in the framework of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. It is known that more than one independent frequency existing in a system, which are of comparable magnitude, can generate coherent synergic radiation. In the present system three independent frequencies exist: viz the synchrotron frequency due to the magnetic field, the hopping frequency due to the electric field, and the plasma frequency. It is shown that all these can combine to generate a new synergic coherent radiation. The results also show the possibility of interpreting the quantum nature of Hall conductance as due to density function alone. Besides these, the solution admits the Schubnikov-de Haas oscillation of the electrical conductivity due to change in the fields.