恒载超声雾化制取金属粉末的改进方法

本文提出一种改进的超声雾化制取金属粉末方法。克服了因变幅杆负载变化所引起的粉末产率的周期变化，给出装置的框图及有关的参数和实验结果。     

火焰原子吸收法测定CdSe薄膜晶体管中Cd与Se的化学组成质量比

比特纯CdSe为标样，用火焰原子吸收法（FAAS），分别测定CdSe薄膜晶体管（TFT）中Cd与Se的含量及化学组成质量比，分别验证了CdSe粉末总量测定值，CdSe粉末化学组成质量比测定值，薄膜样品测定值的准确度，其相对误差分别为0．42％－3．8％和－0．5％。分析了薄膜样品化学组成质量比及影响其匹配的因素。通过测定数据对TFT的质量提供评价，进而指导操作工艺的改进。本实验由于采用同一标样，被测物质与标准样品的组成和浓度基本相同，消除了元素间的相互干扰，提高了分析结果的准确度，并无需作干扰和回收率实验。     

凝胶燃烧法制备超细YBa2Cu3O7-x超导粉末

纳米级细度的YBa2Cu3O7-x超导粉末有可能在第二代超导带材的研制中得到应用．超细YBa2Cu3O7-x超导粉朱已经通过凝胶燃烧法制备成功．使用的起始物质是钇、钡、铜的硝酸盐以及作为燃烧剂的柠檬酸．产物颗粒的尺寸大小及其超导性能依赖于自燃过程的情况，而自燃过程又与凝胶中柠檬酸盐-硝酸盐的YBa2Cu3O7-x超导粉末．在本实验中我们发现最好的燃烧剂一氧化剂摩尔比为0．5．     

超声振动系统的纵-弯和扭-弯复合振动

对超声变幅杆以及变幅杆与夹心换能器组成的振动系统的纵－弯和扭－弯复合振动进行了研究．变幅杆是任意变截面杆,弯曲振动分析是基于Ｔｉｍｏｓｈｅｎｋｏ理论．理论结果进行了实验验证．     

Tl—1223超导体及其复Ag带的制备

研究了用产中分熔化法制备Ｔｌ－１２２３超导体的工艺。样品的名义组成为（Ｔｌ０．５Ｐｂ０．５）（Ｓｒ０．８Ｂａ０．２）Ｃａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏｙ。经熔化退火的样品，其磁化电流的７７Ｋ和１Ｔ下大于２×１０＾４／ｃｍ＾２。用熔化－退火的超导粉作原料制得的复Ａｇ带短样，Ｊｃ达１．６－１．７×１０＾４Ａ／ｃｍ＾２（７７ｋ，０Ｔ）。采用烧结后的超导粉作原料，在制备复Ａｇ带的工艺中，如用熔化－退火的热处理制度，可以免除…     

机械合金化贮氢钛铜非晶合金的结构研究

用机械球磨方法制得了数种不同组成的钛铜非晶合金。用Ｘ射线粉末衍射，扫描电子显微镜及扩展Ｘ射线吸收精细结构研究了它们的结构。得出了用机械合金化制得的钛铜非晶合金的结构与用液相急冷法制得的相同合金的结构不同，形成两侧分别为钛与铜金属薄膜，中间夹以非晶钛铜合金的夹心饼干式结构。过长的球磨时间，会使温度升高而产生结构弛豫，在合金属层内形成微细的钛、铜金属微粒。     

超声射流冷却CF2自由基激光诱导荧光激发谱

用直流放电产生ＣＦ２自由基，在超声射流冷却下获得了ＣＦ２Ａ＾１Ｂ１←Ｘ＾１Ａ２ ２５０ｎｍ附近的激光诱导荧光激发谱。对不同带系的３９个振动带做了归属，其中２３个振动带是新标识的。澄清了前人对ＣＦ２Ａ↑￣←Ｘ↑￣跃迁的一些不能肯定的归属。对Ｋ结构分辨谱的近１００个子带的分析，从实验上确定了ＣＦ２Ａ↑￣态两个伸缩振动频率分别是ｖ１＇＝１０１２．１ｃｍ＾－１，ｖ３＇＝１１８０．２ｃｍ＾－１。并获得了一些     

流动注射在线萃取—火焰原子吸收光谱法测定明胶中的微量Fe和Cu

本文采用氧化水解制样及流动注射在线取火焰原子吸收光谱法，测定明胶中微量Ｆｅ和Ｃｕ，解决了水解法制样测定结果偏低和不能直接测定低含量样品的问题。本文法测定Ｆｅ和Ｃｕ的灵敏度分别提高了１４．５倍和１７．６倍，分析速度达３６次／ｈ，Ｆｅ和Ｃｕ的回收率分别在９０．８－１１０．５％和７．５－１０７．０％之间，测定精密度分别为４．５３％和４．２６％。     

有机相直接进样 ICP-OES 快速测定车用汽油中微量硅

车用汽油样品用异辛烷溶剂适当比例稀释,直接进入电感耦合等离子体光谱仪（ICP-OES）测定硅元素。考察了稀释溶剂及稀释比例、标准物质类型、样品冷却温度、汽油样品组成等因素对硅含量测定的影响。结果表明,汽油样品用异辛烷按1∶1的比例混溶,在雾化室冷却温度为－10℃时,直接进入 ICP-OES测定硅含量效果最佳。在优化的工作条件下,该方法在0．1～10．0 mg·kg－1硅含量范围内线性良好,线性相关系数达0．99996,检出限为0．012 mg·kg－1,回收率在95．8％～98．4％之间,相对标准偏差小于3．0％。该法简便、快速、准确度高,适用于车用无铅汽油、车用乙醇汽油和低比例甲醇汽油中微量硅的快速检测。     

超声雾化和气体发生进样微波诱导等离子体原子发射光谱法测定痕量碘

本文用Ａｒ和ＨｅＭＩＰＡＥＳ测定水溶液中的碘。样品经超声雾化和气体发生后引入等离子体。考查了Ａｒ和ＨｅＭＩＰ中碘的发射光谱特性和一些实验参数对碘发射强度的影响。当用超声雾化引入样品时，用Ａｒ和Ｈｅ作工作气体，检出限分别为０．１２和０．０６μｇ／ｍｌ，当用气体发生引入样品时，用Ａｒ作工作气体，检出限为０．０６４μｇ／ｍｌ，相对标准偏差小于５％。     

Particle Size Distribution Analysis of Industrial Colloidal Slurries using ultrasonic spectroscopy

Several solid-liquid suspensions containing submicron particles at moderate to high concentrations (5 to 50 volume percent) are encountered in industrial slurry processing. Measurements of ultrasonic attenuation spectra are used in a newly developed AcoustoPhor particle analysis system to get particle size distributions of such colloidal suspensions. This paper deals with the performance evaluation of the AcoustoPhor system. The automated ultrasonic spectrometer component of the AcoustoPhor system was tested using a reference silicone liquid for its accuracy and precision. The particle size distribution (PSD) estimation capabilities were evaluated using a set of well-dispersed slurries covering a wide range of particle concentrations. Sensitivity to process variations was evaluated in field tests at a pigment manufacturing plant. The AcoustoPhor system appears to be capable of providing reliable PSD data for inorganic pigment slurries with particle diameters ranging from 0.01 to 100 micrometers at particle concentrations as high as 50 volume percent.     

Ultrasonic assisted hot metal powder compaction

Hot pressing of metal powders is used in production of parts with similar properties to wrought materials. During hot pressing processes, particle rearrangement, plastic deformation, creep, and diffusion are of the most effective powder densification mechanisms. Applying ultrasonic vibration is thought to result in great rates of densification and therefore higher efficiency of the process is expected. This paper deals with the effects of power ultrasonic on the densification of AA1100 aluminum powder under constant applied stress. The effects of particle size and process temperature on the densification behavior are discussed. The results show that applying ultrasonic vibration leads to an improved homogeneity and a higher relative density. Also, it is found that the effect of ultrasonic vibration is greater for finer particles.     

Ultrasonic-assisted manufacturing processes: variational model and numerical simulations

We present a computational study of ultrasonic assisted manufacturing processes including sheet metal forming, upsetting, and wire drawing. A fully variational porous plasticity model is modified to include ultrasonic softening effects and then utilized to account for instantaneous softening when ultrasonic energy is applied during deformation. Material model parameters are identified via inverse modeling, i.e. by using experimental data. The versatility and predictive ability of the model are demonstrated and the effect of ultrasonic intensity on the manufacturing process at hand is investigated and compared qualitatively with experimental results reported in the literature.     

Effects of high power ultrasonic vibration on the cold compaction of titanium

Titanium has widely been used in chemical and aerospace industries. In order to overcome the drawbacks of cold compaction of titanium, the process was assisted by an ultrasonic vibration system. For this purpose, a uniaxial ultrasonic assisted cold powder compaction system was designed and fabricated. The process variables were powder size, compaction pressure and initial powder compact thickness. Density, friction force, ejection force and spring back of the fabricated samples were measured and studied. The density was observed to improve under the action of ultrasonic vibration. Fine size powders showed better results of consolidation while using ultrasonic vibration. Under the ultrasonic action, it is thought that the friction forces between the die walls and the particles and those friction forces among the powder particles are reduced. Spring back and ejection force didn’t considerably change when using ultrasonic vibration.     

Application of low intensity ultrasonics to cheese manufacturing processes

Ultrasound has been used to non-destructively assess the quality of many foods such as meat, fish, vegetables and dairy products. This paper addresses the applications of low intensity ultrasonics in the cheese manufacturing processes and highlights the areas where ultrasonics could be successfully implemented in the future. The decrease of ultrasonic attenuation during the renneting process can be used to determine the optimum cut time for cheese making. The ultrasonic velocity increases during maturation for those types of cheese that become harder during this manufacturing stage, thus being an indicator of the maturity degree. Moreover, ultrasonic measurements could be linked to sensory parameters. From the ultrasonic velocity measurements at two different temperatures, it is possible to assess cheese composition, thus allowing an improvement in the quality and uniformity of cheese commercialization. In addition, in pulse-echo mode it is possible to detect cracked pieces due to abnormal fermentations and also to assess the distance of the crack from the surface.     

Determining Contact Angles of Powders by Liquid Penetration

The wettability of a powder is important, especially in chemical and pharmaceutical technologies when considering the manufacturing process and the properties of the final product. However, contact angle methods for powders are problematic. The common measurement techniques are the sessile drop method and the liquid penetration method. In this work the determination of contact angles of powders by liquid penetration is considered. In particular, we investigated the influence of the sample preparation and sampling device on the wetting process. A bulk with constant properties during the measurement must be guaranteed. We postulate a packing procedure to obtain reproducible measurements by ensuring constant powder properties.     

Synthesis of NaP zeolite at room temperature and short crystallization time by sonochemical method

NaP zeolite nano crystals were synthesized by sonochemical method at room temperature with crystallization time of 3 h. For comparison, to insure the effect of sonochemical method, the hydrothermal method at conventional synthesis condition, with same initial sol composition was studied. NaP zeolites are directly formed by ultrasonic treatment without the application of autogenous pressure and also hydrothermal treatment. The effect of ultrasonic energy and irradiation time showed that with increasing sonication energy, the crystallinity of the powders decreased but phase purity remain unchanged. The synthesized powders were characterized by XRD, IR, DTA TGA, FESEM, and TEM analysis. FESEM images revealed that 50 nm zeolite crystals were formed at room temperature by using sonochemical method. However, agglomerated particles having cactus/cabbage like structure was obtained by sonochemical method followed by hydrothermal treatment. In sonochemical process, formation of cavitation and the collapsing of bubbles produced huge energy which is sufficient for crystallization of zeolite compared to that supplied by hydrothermal process for conventional synthesis. With increasing irradiation energy and time, the crystallinity of the synthesized zeolite samples increased slightly.     

Ultrasonic cleaning of 3D printed objects and Cleaning Challenge Devices

We report our experiences in the evaluation of ultrasonic cleaning processes of objects made with additive manufacturing techniques, specifically three-dimensional (3D) printers. These objects need to be cleaned of support material added during the printing process. The support material can be removed by dissolution in liquids with or without ultrasonic cavitation.     

Grain refining of Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated by laser and wire additive manufacturing assisted with ultrasonic vibration

The formation of the coarse columnar crystal structure of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in the process of additive manufacturing greatly reduces the mechanical performance of the additive manufactured parts, which hinders the applications of additive manufacturing techniques in the engineering fields. In order to refine the microstructure of the materials using the high intensity ultrasonic via the acoustic cavitation and acoustic flow effect in the process of metal solidification, an ultrasonic vibration technique was developed to a synchronous couple in the process of Laser and Wire Additive Manufacturing (LWAM) in this work. It is found that the introduction of high-intensity ultrasound effectively interrupts the epitaxial growth tendency of prior-β crystal and weakens the texture strength of prior-β crystal. The microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V alloy converts to fine columnar crystals from typical coarse columnar crystals. The simulation results confirm that the acoustic cavitation effect applied to the molten pool created by the high-intensity ultrasound is the key factor that affects the crystal characteristics.     

TiO2 nanosized powders controlling by ultrasound sol-gel reaction

We studied that anatase-TiO2 powders prepared from sol-gel process of titanium tetra-isopropoxide (TTIP) were developed under ultrasonic irradiation with different frequency of 28, 45 and 100 kHz. The irradiated ultrasound (US) was controlled by using semi-cylindrical reflection plate that was placed onto the vicinity of reaction vessel. The focused US influenced the reduction of particles size and increased the surface area of resultant nanosized TiO2 powders. We also examined photodegradation of rhodamine 640 dye (Rh-640) solution by the resultant TiO2 under UV light exposure. It was observed that low frequency for TiO2 photocatalyst preparation and low calcination temperature were more affected onto the photodegradation of the dye.