Ka波段二次谐波回旋速调管放大器的输出特性

 根据谐波回旋速调管放大器的注-波互作用特点,对Ka波段二次谐波三腔回旋速调管放大器的输出腔进行了数值模拟和优化设计,获得了输出腔末端高频波绕射输出孔径和腔体绕射Q值的对应关系。通过PIC粒子模拟,分析了该放大器的频率响应特点等输出特性。结果表明,在35 GHz频率,磁场0.685 T,电子注电压70 kV,电流15 A,横纵速度比为1.45,输入功率1.6 kW时,放大器可以获得超过220 kW的峰值输出功率、约22%的效率和23 dB的增益,3 dB带宽可达到110 MHz。     

70 GHz二次谐波倍频回旋速调管研究

 对70 GHz二次谐波倍频回旋速调管高频结构和电子与波互作用进行了研究。研究了TE02模腔体绕射品质因数及模式转化，解决了二次谐波倍频回旋速调管漂移段不能截止70 GHz的TE01模而引起的腔体间高频串扰的问题。分析了注电流、输入功率、电子横纵速度比和电子注引导中心半径等参数对输出功率、增益和效率的影响。针对二次谐波回旋速调管放大器工作频带窄、效率低，进行了高频结构优化设计，显著地展宽了工作频带，提高了互作用效率。在理论分析和高频计算的基础上，建立了注-波互作用PIC（粒子模拟）模型，进行了粒子模拟计算和优化，得到了70 GHz 的二次谐波倍频四腔回旋速调管放大器设计方案。粒子模拟结果表明：在工作电压70 kV，注电流13 A，电子注横向速度与纵向速度比为1.5时，中心频率69.81 GHz输出功率256 kW，带宽160 MHz，电子效率28%，饱和增益大于44 dB。     

8 mm二次谐波回旋速调管非线性分析

 对8 mm二次谐波回旋速调管中的注-波互作用，进行了PIC模拟计算，得到了高频结构尺寸、电子注参数、聚焦磁场等参数对输出功率、效率和增益的影响规律。在磁场系数0.511 8，电子注电压70 kV，电子注电流约16 A，输入功率约80 W时，得到约430 kW的输出功率，电子转化效率38%，超过37 dB的增益，3 dB带宽超过210 MHz。     

95 GHz三次谐波回旋管设计

采用线性理论和非线性理论研究了回旋管谐振腔结构、寄生模式抑制及注波互作用等问题。设计了一支工作在95 GHz的三次谐波回旋管,注波互作用结构采用标准开放式谐振单腔,工作模式为TE64, 采用电压45 kV、电流5 A、横纵速度比为1.5的小回旋电子注。在不考虑电子注速度离散及厚度的情况下,非线性理论分析表明,该回旋管可以获得14 kW功率输出,横向互作用效率约为18%,整管效率约11%。     

L波段高功率多注速调管设计与模拟

 开展了峰值功率10 MW、平均功率150kW的L波段多注速调管的研究工作。采用均匀场多透镜聚焦系统对多电子注进行聚焦,获得了具有良好层流性和波动性的旁轴多注电子光学系统;采用二次谐波腔,对6个电子注、6个同轴谐振腔结构的速调管进行了注波互作用计算。结果表明,当电子注电压为115 kV,电流为132 A时,可获得大于10 MW的脉冲输出功率,大于65%的输出效率和大于45 dB的增益。     

3 mm波段回旋速调管放大器设计与粒子模拟

设计了一支3 mm 波段基波回旋速调管,该回旋速调管工作在低损耗的TE01模式,包含四个谐振腔。首先使用线性理论确定工作参数的大致范围, 然后采用HFSS软件设计单个谐振腔,通过调整谐振腔尺寸和腔壁介质层参数使谐振腔的谐振频率和Q值符合设计要求, 最后使用粒子模拟程序优化设计了回旋速调管的互作用电路,研究了谐振腔参差调谐方案, Q值对回旋速调管性能的影响, 互作用电路的稳定性以及电子注参数变化对注-波互作用性能的影响。PIC粒子模拟结果表明,在电子注电压65 kV, 电流6 A, α(V⊥/V∥)1.5, 工作磁场3.6 T时,回旋速调管的3 dB带宽约为600 MHz,在93.7 GHz获得139 kW 的峰值输出功率,效率为35.6%,增益为28.4 dB。模拟中没有考虑电子注速度零散的影响。     

回旋速调管注-波互作用非线性理论研究

 利用自洽非线性理论对回旋速调管放大器中的电子注-波互作用进行了时域瞬态分析,建立了多腔回旋速调管非线性理论,给出了相应的电子运动方程和复数形式的互作用瞬态场方程。给出并分析了一支工作在TE01模Ka波段四腔回旋速调管注-波互作用的数值计算结果,当电子注电压为72.8 kV,电流为11.8 A,速度零散为5%时,可以得到335 kW的最大饱和功率输出,39.6%的电子效率及320 MHz的饱和带宽,与实验值相比较,二者较为吻合。     

回旋速调管注波互作用瞬态非线性理论与模型研究

本文利用自洽非线性理论对回旋速调管放大器中的电子注-波互作用进行了时域瞬态分析,建立了多腔回旋速调管非线性理论,给出了相应的电子运动方程和复数形式的互作用瞬态场方程.探讨了调制腔、中间腔、和输出腔中注-波互作用的模型和研究方法,考虑了电子速度零散对注-波互作用的影响.最后利用FORTRAN语言给出并分析了一支Kα波段四腔回旋速调管注-波互作用的数值计算结果,经与实验值和PIC模拟结果相比较,三者较为符合. 关键词： 回旋速调管 电子注-波互作用 瞬态非线性理论     

W波段二次谐波突变复合腔回旋管数值模拟

 通过对二次谐波低电压突变结构复合腔回旋管中谐振腔结构、模式竞争以及电子注-波互作用的研究,分析了高频结构特性、寄生模式的抑制和工作参数优化等问题。给出了3 mm 二次谐波低损耗TE₀₂/TE₀₃模式回旋管的模拟设计结果。计算采用了坡度磁场,互作用效率得到显著提高。PIC粒子模拟结果表明:在电子注电压25 kV、电流4 A、纵横速度比1.6、工作磁场1.72 T时,回旋管可获得37 kW 的输出功率,横向运动能量转换效率高达51%,器件效率为37%。     

双共焦波导结构二次谐波太赫兹回旋管谐振腔设计

准光共焦波导具有功率容量大、模式密度低的特点,能够有效地减少模式竞争对回旋管互作用的影响,有利于高次谐波太赫兹回旋管的设计.为提高太赫兹准光回旋管的互作用效率,在共焦柱面波导的基础上,研究了一种新型高频互作用结构——双共焦波导结构,设计了一种330 GHz二次谐波双共焦结构回旋管谐振腔并对其进行了理论分析和粒子模拟.研究结果表明,双共焦谐振腔中的高阶模式能够与高次电子回旋谐波发生稳定的相互作用,并且没有模式竞争现象,具备工作在太赫兹波段的潜力.相比普通共焦波导谐振腔,双共焦谐振腔能够增强准光回旋管的注波互作用强度,提高回旋管的输出功率和工作效率.此外,结果还表明双共焦波导中的电磁波模式是一种由两个独立的共焦波导模式叠加而成的混合模式.利用这种混合模式有望实现太赫兹回旋管的单注双频工作,为新型太赫兹辐射源的研究提供了新的途径.     

Preliminary Design of a Ka-Band Second Harmonic Gyroklystron Amplifier

The preliminary design of a Ka-band, second harmonic, three cavities gyroklystron amplifier is presented. The beam-wave interaction in the second harmonic gyroklystron amplifier is studied by using a particle-in-cell code, and the validity of the design of the microwave circuit is also discussed. The results show that this gyroklystron can produce an output peak power of over 200kW with 20dB gain and 20% maximum efficiency at 35GHz.     

Millimeter-wave gyroklystron amplifier experiment using arelativistic electron beam

A fundamental-mode TE₁₁₁° two-cavity intense-beam gyroklystron amplifier experiment, operating at an accelerating voltage of 1 MV, is reported. The two cavities that were tested are designed to serve as bunching cavities for a high-power output cavity. The two-cavity amplifier has demonstrated a linear gain of 15 dB and an unsaturated output power of ~40 kW, with the intracavity gain and power ~4 dB higher. The frequency of the second cavity has been found to track the frequency of the driven cavity over a range of 300 MHz around a center frequency of 35 GHz. Stable amplifier operation was achieved with beam currents as large as 150 A and a velocity pitch ratio of 0.36. The stable operating range was limited by spurious oscillation in the TE₁₁₂° mode. Theoretical calculations indicate that higher gains might be attainable if this mode could be suppressed     

Study of high-power Ka-band second-harmonic gyroklystron amplifier

The self-consistent nonlinear theory of two-cavity high-harmonic gyroklystron amplifier has been developed. The efficiency and gain of a second-harmonic gyroklystron were calculated numerically. The results obtained were used to choose the optimal parameters of the experimental second-harmonic tube. The experimental study was carried out to test high-harmonic amplifier concept. Two-cavity 35 GHz second harmonic gyroklystron with the TE₀₂₁ cavity mode has been designed and tested in pulse operation. Output power of about 260 kW with efficiency 18% and 17 dB gain have been produced at 72 kV beam voltage and 20 A beam current. Bandwidth of about 0.1% has been observed. The restriction of the output power, efficiency, and gain was caused by spurious oscillations excited in the second cavity in the TE₀₁₁ mode at the fundamental cyclotron frequency     

回旋速调管放大器注-波互作用分析

 给出了自洽非线性大信号理论分析方法,在理论分析和高频计算的基础上,建立了回旋速调管放大器注-波互作用计算模型,对其进行数值计算。研究多种参量对放大器输出功率、增益、效率等的影响,通过优化得到了中心频率34 GHz的四腔回旋速调管放大器设计方案。粒子模拟表明：在工作电压65 kV,注电流8 A,电子注横向与纵向速度比为1.5时,输出功率230 kW,带宽230 MHz,电子效率45%,饱和增益33 dB。     

Kα波段TE01模基波回旋速调放大器的设计与实验

在回旋速调放大器自洽非线性大信号理论分析和数值计算的基础上,给出了一支Kα波段TE₀₁模4腔基波回旋速调放大器的设计方案,并完成了样管的研制.同时对样管进行了热测实验,得到了如下实验结果:注电压为70 kV,电流为10 A,输入功率为60 W,磁场强度1.31 T,中心频率34 GHz,峰值功率245 kW,平均功率大于3 kW,增益36.1 dB,效率 35%,3 dB带宽大于280 MHz. 关键词： 回旋速调放大器 注-波互作用 群聚腔 输入腔     

A High-Gain, 28GHz, 200kW Gyroklystron Amplifier

A design study of a high efficiency/gain gyroklystron amplifier is performed to demonstrate amplified radiation power of 200kW operating at 28GHz. A key design feature of the present gyroklystron amplifier is that the amplifier is designed to be high gain so that it can be saturated by a low power solid state power amplifier. A non-linear, time-dependent, large signal numerical code is used to predict tube performance. Simulations predict that a stable amplifier radiation power of 214kW is produced with a saturated gain of 54dB, an electronic efficiency of 37%, and a frequency bandwidth of 0.3% from a five-cavity gyroklystron amplifier. The amplifier gain is found to be very sensitive to a beam velocity spread.     

Experimental studies of a gyroklystron operating in the field of a permanent magnet

We have developed and tested a gyroklystron operating with the second harmonic of the electron cyclotron frequency at a frequency of 32.3 GHz in the field of a permanent magnet. In the two-and three-cavity versions of the gyroklystron, the peak power of the output radiation reached 320 kW with an efficiency of 30%, an amplification coefficient of 20–25 dB, and an operating frequency bandwidth of 0.05%. In the wide-band version of the gyroklystron, the amplification bandwidth was equal to 0.27% for an output power of 200 kW and an amplification coefficient of 13 dB.     

Analysis and Numerical Calculations of the Beam-Wave Interaction for Gyroklystron Amplifiers

A four-cavity gyroklystron was designed and optimized after analysis and calculation of RF system and magnetron injection gun, numerical simulations showed that the TE₀₁₁ mode gyroklystron achieved 280kW peak output power, 38% efficiency, 35dB saturated gain with 250Mhz bandwidth centered at 34GHz for a 68 kV, 11A electron beam. The numerical simulation results were used to build a Ka band high power gyroklystron amplifier. In this paper, analysis and numerical calculation results of the beam-wave interaction are presented. The influences of electron beam, RF system parameters, magnetic field, and input RF signal on output power, efficiency, bandwidth and gain are discussed.