三谐振高压脉冲变压器理论分析与模拟

 介绍了一种基于空芯变压器的三谐振高压脉冲变压器。通过对三谐振脉冲变压器无损等效电路的理论分析,给出了在回路本征频率为1∶2∶3时,电路各参数的关系及输出电压解析表达式,由此可知在此条件下变压器次级高压绕组上的最大电压与负载电容上最大电压比为0.36∶1。根据理论结果,设计了一组参数进行了电路模拟,证明了理论分析结果的正确性,可用于三谐振脉冲变压器的设计。并模拟了变压器耦合系数、调谐电感、调谐电容、初级电容及负载电容等参数变化对装置输出电压及能量传输效率的影响。由模拟结果可知,调谐电感和调谐电容在-10%～10%范围,初级电容在0～10%范围以及负载电容在-10%～0范围内变化对装置的性能影响不大,该变压器较容易实现工程化。     

三谐振高压脉冲变压器

介绍了一种基于空芯变压器的三谐振高压脉冲变压器。通过对三谐振脉冲变压器无损等效电路的理论分析,给出了在回路本征频率1∶2∶3时,电路各参数的关系及输出电压解析表达式,此条件下负载电压最大值为空芯变压器次级高压输出电压的2.77倍。根据理论分析及电路模拟的结果,提出了适用于三谐振脉冲变压器的设计方法迭代模拟法,并采用迭代模拟的方法在研制的空芯变压器基础上研制了一台基于三谐振脉冲变压器的脉冲功率源,进行了实验研究。实验结果表明:所研制的三谐振脉冲变压器输出电压的最大值可以达到锥形高压绕组输出电压的2倍,系统最大工作电压约为600 kV,与理论分析的结果相吻合,说明将任意一台双谐振脉冲变压器改造成三谐振脉冲变压器具有可行性。     

基于双锥形绕组铁芯变压器的三谐振脉冲变压器

研制了一台基于双锥形绕组铁芯变压器的三谐振脉冲变压器,具有结构紧凑、小巧轻便等优点。铁芯变压器磁芯由0.08 mm的硅钢薄带绕成半月形闭合结构,放置于铝制紧固件中;初次级绕组采用双绕组并联结构,两个锥形高压绕组对称绕制在刻槽的有机玻璃骨架上并将高压从圆筒中轴线引出,改善了绕组电场分布的不均匀性并实现了高压的同轴输出。铁芯变压器、LC调谐回路和27 pF脉冲形成线组成三谐振回路,其中谐振电容为同轴结构电容,谐振电感由直径0.08 mm的漆包线不均匀绕制于刻槽的有机玻璃绝缘体上。实验结果表明,该三谐振脉冲变压器最大工作电压大于800 kV,充电时间约为650 ns,同时也验证了将双谐振铁芯脉冲变压器改造成三谐振脉冲变压器具有可行性。     

Wave reflection and transmission reduction using a piezoelectric semipassive nonlinear technique

This study addresses the problem of noise reduction using piezoelements. The nonlinear technique, synchronized switch damping (SSD), is implemented. The device is a pulse-tube termination equipped with piezoelements, which allows performant damping of the vibration resulting from an incident acoustic wave. Due to this damping, both reflected and transmitted wave are reduced. In the semipassive damping approach proposed in this paper, energy degradation is strongly enhanced when the piezoelements are continuously switched from open to short circuit synchronously to the strain. This technique has been developed following two strategies. The first is SSD on a short circuit in which the piezoelement is always in open circuit, except for a very brief period at each strain extremum where it is short-circuited. The second approach is SSD on an inductor. The process is very similar, except that instead of forcing the voltage to zero, the voltage is exactly reversed using a controlled oscillating discharge of the piezoelement capacitor on an inductor during switch drive. Due to this switching mechanism, a phase shift appears between the strain and the resulting voltage, thus creating energy dissipation. Following SSD on an piezoelement, attenuations of 15 dB in reflection and 7 dB in transmission were obtained.     

基于谐振电路与脉冲变压器的高压脉冲源设计

提出一种基于谐振电路与脉冲变压器结合的高压脉冲实现方案,该方案利用电容与电感的谐振效应,结合脉冲变压器的升压作用,在仅使用一个半导体开关的条件下,实现高压脉冲的输出,其结构简单,成本低,并且可实现零电压关断。并对于电路的运行模式进行了理论分析,搭建了原理样机进行实验。容性负载条件下,实现频率1～ 15 kHz、幅值0～ 10 kV可调的高压脉冲输出,对比分析了续流支路以及续流电阻对于输出高压脉冲波形的影响。利用该脉冲电源进行DBD放电实验,成功驱动介质阻挡放电反应器,验证了该方案的可行性。     

基于磁隔离驱动的亚微秒高压脉冲电源

为满足不可逆电穿孔对高压纳秒脉冲电源的需求,并且突破电源模块耐压的限制,提出了一款以正极性Marx为主电路、具有ns级前沿的高重复频率的亚微秒高压脉冲电源。该脉冲电源使用光纤传输信号,经过驱动芯片放大信号后,利用磁芯变压器传递驱动信号给MOSFET。磁芯变压器给电路提供了磁隔离,使驱动电路不会受高压输出的影响,提高了电路的耐压水平。驱动电路设计简单,所需元器件较少,可提供负压偏置,使开关管可靠关断,提高电路的抗电磁干扰能力,保障电路稳定运行。此电源由16级电路构成,实验表明:在10 kΩ纯阻性负载上,当输入电压为630 V时,即可得到10 kV的高压输出。其最小脉宽为300 ns,频率1 Hz～10 kHz可调。该脉冲电源结构紧凑,能够做到输出电压、脉宽、频率可调。研究了磁芯材料和匝数对驱动脉宽的影响。结果表明:匝比的增加会影响信号脉宽,在一定的条件下,单匝电感量的差异和磁芯材料的不同对信号脉宽的影响较小。     

绝缘栅双极晶体管串联应用中暂态均压特性

采用金属球隙放电的方式模拟了负载短路时的暂态过程。通过引线自感公式计算法和电路状态分析法估算脉冲放电回路的杂散电感数值,并采用传统RCD均压网络的绝缘栅双极晶体管串联链进行各元件参数差异下的蒙特卡罗仿真分析,发现影响串联链暂态均压特性的关键元件是栅极稳压二极管和动态均压电容。因此为了提高这类拓扑结构的串联链的可靠性,在筛选元件时要尤其注意栅极稳压二极管的限幅保持一致。     

A High Revolution Speed Noncontact Ultrasonic Motor Driven by a Non-Symmetrical Electrode

A noncontact ultrasonic motor based on a non-symmetrical electrode is proposed. This motor has the advantages of using a simple driving electrode and having a high revolution speed. The revolution speed of its three-blade rotor can reach 5100rpm under a driving voltage of 20 V. A method operated easily is proposed to measure the output torque,     

Fabrication and characteristics of thin disc piezoelectric transformers based on piezoelectric buzzers with gap circles

This paper investigates design, fabrication and test of thin disc piezoelectric transformers (PTs) based on piezoelectric buzzers with gap circles at different diameters of the gap circles. The performance test is focused on characteristics of voltage gains, including maximum voltage gains and maximum-gain frequencies, for each piezoelectric transformer under different load conditions. Both a piezoelectric buzzer and a gap circle on a silver electrode of the buzzer are needed to build any type of the PTs. Here, the gap circle is used to form a ring-shaped input electrode and a circle-shaped output electrode for each piezoelectric transformer. To do so, both structure and connection of a PT are first expressed. Then, operating principle of a PT and its related vibration mode observed by a carbon-power imaging technique are described. Moreover, an experimental setup for characterizing each piezoelectric transformer is constructed. Finally, effects of diameters of the gap circles on characteristics of voltage gains at different load resistances are discussed.     

一种实用的开关稳压恒流气体激光电源

本文报道了我们研制成功的一种新型气体激光开关稳压恒流电源。设计制作的特点是：引入２０ｋＨｚ开关电路，丢弃次级高压的工频变压器，选用现行彩电行输出变压器和通用集成模块，用以产生连续可调的起辉电压和恒流工作电压，供不同管型Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光器选用。电路结构更趋小型化、高频化、集成化与通用化。测试与应用结果表明本电源具有优良的性能／价格比，且易于自行制作。     

一种用于触发引燃管的脉冲电源

设计了一种单电源的变压器型高电压、大电流脉冲源。该电源只有一套放电电容,以晶闸管作为放电开关,单原边双副边的脉冲变压器作为传输线。利用二极管的单向导通特性,使变压器根据负载不同的工况运行在不同的状态,分时输出高电压、大电流脉冲。该设计利用变压器在空间上将高压输出回路和低压控制回路隔离,与一般的双电源设计方式相比,降低了驱动电路的成本,减少了装置的体积,有利于设备的小型化和紧凑化。试验结果表明:当原边18 μF的储能电容充电电压为700 V时,通过晶闸管开关控制电容向2 ∶2 ∶20的单原边双副边脉冲变压器放电,副边开路时输出幅值7.6 kV、上升沿432 ns的开路电压,副边短路时输出幅值690 A、半高宽15.6 μs、前沿7.0 μs的短路电流,满足NL37248引燃管的触发要求。     

面向电容式微机械超声换能器器件的32通道收发 电路设计与测试*

针对以电容式微机械超声换能器(CMUT)阵列为探头的超声成像系统,设计了一种兼具现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)控制、脉冲驱动以及微弱电流信号检测功能的电路。利用FPGA产生64路控制信号,控制脉冲信号的频率、脉冲个数、占空比等参数;脉冲电路在FPGA以及直流电压的控制下,产生32路脉冲信号;接收电路通过跨阻放大结构实现32路电流信号检测;32通道收发电路利用脉冲产生芯片内自带的T/R开关进行高压隔离。通过搭建测试平台,对收发电路功能及一致性进行测试,并连接CMUT进行自发自收测试。测试结果表明,32通道收发电路具有良好的一致性,电路可以实现基于CMUT阵列的32通道超声信号的发射,检测回波信号,并对CMUT器件的带宽进行测试。电路具有功能完善,结构稳定的优点,为基于CMUT阵列的超声成像系统的应用提供了硬件支持。     

含变压器电感储能脉冲功率源的电路模拟和实验研究

 研究了电感储能功率调节装置中的电爆炸丝断路开关在强电流作用下发生电爆炸后,储能电感上感生的高压脉冲驱动脉冲变压器在低阻抗（19 Ω）负载上得到的电脉冲。利用Ansoft Simplorer 7仿真软件建立了相关模块化集中参数电路模型,首先估算选取典型电路参数进行了程序编制、调试和模拟计算,得到了正确收敛的数值结果。在此基础上进行了实验研究,并将实际电路参数代入电路模型计算,模拟程序得到了与实验吻合的计算结果。现有研究表明,电爆炸丝驱动脉冲变压器在低阻抗负载上不能产生超高压脉冲,但可显著展宽负载得到的电压脉宽,在需要长脉宽应用场合有潜在的应用前景。     

脉冲功率系统中能量回收电路的改进

串联型能量回收电路从电路结构上保证了异常条件下脉冲功率系统中充电电源的安全,但恒流充电电源经回收电感向储能电容充电时会引起回收电路的振荡,不仅会造成充电电源输出过压和回收电感损耗增加,还会导致充电电压一致性明显变差等问题。在分析了回收电路振荡特性的基础上,提出了在回收电感两端并接旁路开关和双路充电输入的电路结构以及相应的充电控制方法,不仅可以抑制回路振荡从而提高充电一致性,还可以消除回收电感和旁路开关的不必要损耗且控制方法也简单通用。对包含有串接型回收电路的600 V/400 A充电系统进行了电路仿真和实验验证,实验结果表明:在600 V重频条件下,回收电路的改进方案可将储能电容电压的充电一致性偏差由10 V降低到2.6 V,对应的相对偏差由1.7%降低到0.5%以内。     

正负双极性重复频率充电电源研制

针对紧凑型高功率脉冲驱动源的重复频率充电需求,开展了基于LC全桥串联谐振原理的恒流充电技术研究,并根据紧凑型Marx脉冲功率源的工作方式开展了电源关键参数设计,完成了一种正负双极性充电的紧凑型高压电源研制,实现20 ms内对单边等效负载电容为0.15μF的双极性Marx驱动源充电至±45 kV,平均充电功率大于15.5 kW。该电源采用单个高频高压变压器实现了正负双极性高电压同步输出;采用变压器、整流电路、隔离保护电路、电压检测电路一体化绝缘封装设计,既减小了装置体积又降低了高压绝缘风险;通过隔离保护、电磁屏蔽等设计有效解决了Marx发生器放电过程中瞬时高压信号对电源控制系统的干扰和损伤。     

变压器寄生参数和负载特性对高压脉冲波形的影响

构建了输出电压幅值为0～20 kV、脉冲重复频率为0.25～20 kHz的双极性高压脉冲电源实验平台,研究了变压器寄生参数与负载特性对输出脉冲波形的影响。采用等效电路复频域解析方法,分析了变压器寄生参数对输出脉冲波形的上升沿、平顶及下降沿的影响规律,并通过改变变压器绕线方案间接验证。发现变压器分布电容和漏感越大,输出脉冲波形上升沿与下降沿越平缓,过冲电压幅值越大,并采用脉冲变压器二次侧均匀密绕、一次侧均匀疏绕、高匝数的方案进行优化。进一步分析了纯阻性、阻容性或阻感性负载特性对输出高压脉冲波形的影响规律,发现电阻值增大（5～50 kΩ）,过冲电压幅值增大,脉冲上升沿和下降沿变陡;当负载电阻回路串联小电容时,过冲电压幅值显著增大,而电容值高于一定值时输出脉冲波形恢复至与纯电阻波形一样;当负载电阻回路串联电感时,输出脉冲波形下降沿变平缓。     

Development of a self-oscillating ultrasonic micro-motor and its application to a watch

We have developed an ultrasonic micro-motor for use as a micro-actuator in place of an electromagnetic motor. This ultrasonic micro-motor, which can be driven by a single signal and in which the change of the direction of the rotor movement can be made easily by selecting the electrode to apply the driving signal, can easily construct a self-oscillating circuit and simplify the driving circuit. We have also simplified the motor structure, which is easy to miniaturize and mass-produce. We applied a version of this motor with a diameter of 8 mm to a vibration alarm, and one with a diameter of 4.5 mm to a driving source of a calendar mechanism in a watch. This ultrasonic micro-motor is expected to be of use as a new driving source in a broad range of fields.     

基于继电控制的中性束诊断电源初级调压系统

介绍用于HT-7装置上的中性束诊断电源系统的初级调压系统的结构、组成及工作原理等。该系统一方面用于控制主电路的接通与关断,另一方面用于调节自耦变压器的输出电压。实验表明,该系统操作简单,性能稳定可靠。     

A traveling wave ultrasonic motor of high torque

A traveling wave ultrasonic motor of high torque with a new configuration is proposed in this paper. In the new design, a part of the motor serves as the stator. The rotor is the vibrator consisting of a toothed metal ring with piezoelectric ceramic bonded, which generates ultrasonic vibration. The rotor is in contact with the shell of motor and is driven by the friction between the rotor and the stator. This configuration not only removes the rotor in a conventional type of traveling wave ultrasonic motor but also changes the interaction between the rotor and the stator of the motor so that it improves the output performance of the motor. Although an electric brush is added to the ultrasonic motor, it is easy to be fabricated because of the low speed of motor. The finite element method was used to compute the vibration modes of an ultrasonic motor with a diameter of 100mm to optimize the design of the motor. A 9th mode was chosen as the operation mode with a resonance frequency about 25 kHz. According to the design, a prototype was fabricated. Its performance was measured. The rotation speed-torque curves for various frequencies were obtained. The result shows that its stall torque is greater than 4 Nm within a range of 400 Hz. This ultrasonic motor was used to drive the window glass of a mobile car and the result was satisfactory. In the further the research on the friction material between the stator and the rotor is under way to improve the efficiency of the ultrasonic motor.     

Transfer function modeling and analysis of the open-loop Buck converter using the fractional calculus

Based on the fact that the real inductor and the real capacitor are fractional order in nature and the fractional calculus,the transfer function modeling and analysis of the open-loop Buck converter in a continuous conduction mode(CCM) operation are carried out in this paper.The fractional order small signal model and the corresponding equivalent circuit of the open-loop Buck converter in a CCM operation are presented.The transfer functions from the input voltage to the output voltage,from the input voltage to the inductor current,from the duty cycle to the output voltage,from the duty cycle to the inductor current,and the output impedance of the open-loop Buck converter in CCM operation are derived,and their bode diagrams and step responses are calculated,respectively.It is found that all the derived fractional order transfer functions of the system are influenced by the fractional orders of the inductor and the capacitor.Finally,the realization of the fractional order inductor and the fractional order capacitor is designed,and the corresponding PSIM circuit simulation results of the open-loop Buck converter in CCM operation are given to confirm the correctness of the derivations and the theoretical analysis.