多抖动法主振荡功率放大器相干合成技术

 采用多抖动相位控制方法实现了两路和三路1 Ｗ量级光纤放大器的相干合成,对实验结果进行了详细分析。实验中,将种子光源输出激光分为两路（或三路）,分别通过光纤放大器进行功率放大,并采用多抖动法实现相干合成。控制系统开环时,远场光斑条纹模糊不清,两路和三路合成时条纹对比度分别为0.19和0.12;系统闭环时,远场光斑条纹清晰可见,对比度提高到0.93和0.81,合成效率分别为80%和77%。此外,对两路和三路的合成效果进行了比较,指出了各路的控制资源对合成效果的影响。     

Coherent beam combination of two thulium-doped fiber laser beams with the multi-ditheringtechnique

Coherent beam combination of two thulium-doped fiber laser beams using a multi-dithering technique is presented for the first time. In the experiment, two fiber lasers centered at 1948.6 nm are coherently combined, and a phase modulator based on piezoelectric ceramics transducer is connected in one beam path to compensate for the phase errors between the two beams. When the phase control system is closed loop, the fringe contrast of the far-field intensity pattern is improved to be more than 75%, from 15% in open-loop, and the residual phase error is less than λ/20. The experimental results show that the performance of the phase control system is robust and the control bandwidth is more than 1 kHz, which indicates that the above approach can be scaled to facilitate the coherent beam combination of kilo-watt level thulium-doped fiberlaser.     

准平行光干涉的滤波型多抖动相控方法研究

正提出了一种准平行光干涉的滤波型多抖动相控方案,对该方案的相干光强进行了理论分析,在此基础上提出了滤波型多抖动法的相控原理,进行了滤波型多抖动法的相控数值分析和模拟实验.结果表明:该方法可识别出各路光波的相位差,反馈与相位差信号成比例的直流电压去控制相位调制器,可实现相位差的校正,相位控制电压输出范围为0.03—4.45 V,控制带宽为2.5 kHz.     

Tiled-aperture coherent beam combining of two high-power fibre amplifiers

We demonstrate coherent beam combining of two tiled-aperture single-frequency fibre amplifiers with a total output power of 29.65~W by using the multi-dithering technique. The two laser beams are packaged closely by using free-space mirrors side by side into a tiled-aperture with a near-field fill factor of 62\%. Active phase control of the amplifier is performed on commercially available digital lock-in amplifiers. Experimental results show that the power contained in the main-lobe in closed-loop is 1.72 times greater than that in open-loop, which is 86\% for the ideal case. The fringe contrast of the far-field fringe pattern is as high as 80\% when the system is in closed-loop. The beam quality of the combined beam is computed to be BQ = 1.48. The whole system in closed-loop performs well in a long-time observation.     

基于相位调制-解调的光纤激光相位噪声检测方法研究

在主动相位控制相干合成中,常用的光纤激光主动相位控制方法主要有外差法、多抖动法和随机并行梯度下降算法等. 基于多抖动法和外差法的原理,提出了一种新型的基于相位调制-解调的相位检测与控制方法. 该方法利用周期信号对参考光进行相位调制,将调制后的参考光与待检测信号光进行相干检测,通过对相干光强信号和相位调制信号的融合处理,实现相位噪声的检测和控制. 对该方法进行了数值模拟和实验研究. 实验结果表明,对于频率为2 kHz,噪声范围为[0,2π)的正弦噪声,相位检测精度优于λ/50,控制精度可达 关键词： 光纤激光 相干合成 相位噪声检测 调制-解调     

Coherent beam combination of two slab laser amplifiers based on stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm

Coherent beam combination(CBC) of laser arrays is an efficient way to scale brightness.We demonstrate CBC of two slab laser amplifiers based on active phase locking.Instead of the complex phase detection system,intensity detection is used and the feedback control signal is calculated based on the stochastic parallel gradient descent(SPGD) algorithm.The experimental investigation on a 101.5-W CBC of two slab amplifiers shows that the entire system in a closed loop performs well for long-time observation.A combination efficiency of nearly 81% is realized.The slab amplifier laser arrays are the coherent beams efficiently combined by active phase locking based on the SPGD.     

光纤激光相干合成中两种相位控制方法的比较

主振荡功率放大器(MOPA)相干合成是实现大数量光纤激光器相干合成的一条有效途径,而相位控制是其中的关键。对MOPA方案的两种相位控制方法——外差探测法和多抖动法进行了比较分析。并在此基础上,提出了一种新的相位控制方法。新方法增加了相干合成的光束数目,降低了实验操作难度。通过Matlab软件仿真表明,采用新方法进行64路光束相干合成时,相位均方根误差小于0.08λ,而使用多抖动法进行30路光束相干合成时,相位均方根误差为0.15λ。     

新型双波长激光增益控制掺铒光纤放大器

掺铒光纤非均匀展宽引起的空间烧孔现象导致单波长激光并不能完全控制放大器增益。提出了一种新颖简单的结构，利用自由光谱范围为26．7nm的法布里－珀罗可调谐滤波器和由长周期光纤光栅制成的波长选择性可调谐的衰减器，有效地调整不同波长处的腔内损耗，可以实现不同强度的双波长激射。由两个不同波长的激光共同承担增益控制的任务，降低了控制激光引起的空间烧孔，同时双波长激射有效地抑制了信号光的弛豫振荡。     

Beat-note jitter suppression in a dual-frequency laser using optical feedback

An efficient locking technique based on optical feedback is demonstrated to suppress jitter on the rf beat note between the two modes of a dual-frequency Yb:Er glass laser. The method consists of a self-injection process in which one selected mode serves as a master oscillator to lock and stabilize the second mode via a frequency-shifted optical feedback. The beat note adjusted near 170 MHz was stabilized with an accuracy of 250 mHz using an optical feedback loop with a double pass through an acousto-optic modulator. The beating note can be tuned over 300 kHz by controlling the reference oscillator. The extensions and limitations of the technique are discussed.     

Phase noise measurement of high-power fiber amplifiers

We measure the phase fluctuation in a high-power fiber amplifier using a multi-dithering technique.Its fluctuation property is qualitatively analyzed by the power spectral density and integrated spectral density.Low frequency fluctuations caused by the environment are dominant in the phase fluctuations in an amplifier,whereas the high frequency components related to laser power affect the control bandwidth.The bandwidth requirement of the active phase-locking is calculated to be 300 Hz,670 Hz,1.6 kHz,and 3.9 kHz under the output power of 25,55,125,and 180 W,respectively.The approximately linear relationship between the control bandwidth and laser power needs to be further investigated.     

LaB6在低压强氮气和氦气中的放电特性

研究了LaB6在1~10 Pa氮气和氦气中的直流和脉冲放电特性以及放电过程对电极的影响。结果表明，电极直径为5 mm的LaB6氦气放电管在脉冲工作状态下可以长期稳定放电。在脉冲电压为2.2 kV、脉冲宽度10 ms、频率13.3 Hz下，脉冲峰值放电电流超过120 A。氦气放电管在放电过程中，阴极表面有离子的清洗和活化作用，可以使电极的表面逸出功降低，提高放电管的发射能力和稳定性。LaB6作为气体放电电极具有寿命长、延迟时间短、放电电流大等优点，可用于重复强流脉冲气体放电的高压高速开关器件。     

Coherent beam combining of two femtosecond fiber chirped-pulse amplifiers

We demonstrate coherent beam combining of two femtosecond fiber chirped-pulse amplifiers seeded by a common oscillator. Using a feedback loop based on an electro-optic phase modulator, an average power of 7.2?W before compression is obtained with a combining efficiency of 90%. The spatial and temporal qualities of the oscillator are retained, with a recombined pulse width of 325?fs. This experiment opens up a way to scale the peak/average power of ultrafast fiber sources.     

两个光纤激光器的相干合成及其闭环控制

 采用了并联主振荡-功率放大的相干合成方案，实现了光纤激光器的相干叠加。主振荡的输出光通过保偏光纤分束器分为两路，其中一路加入保偏光纤相位调制器以实现闭环控制，两个保偏光纤放大器分别对两路输出光进行放大，放大后的输出光再由一个2×2的保偏光纤耦合器会聚相干。合成输出光的一部分通过光电转换后进入数据采集卡，采集卡将采集到的数据送入计算机进行实时处理并将得到的反馈信号作用于相位调制器，相位调制器实时控制两路信号的相位差，从而实现整个实验系统的相干合成输出。系统实现闭环控制后，两路光纤放大器的相位差为2π的整数倍，输出光强始终保持最强。该相干合成方案简单易行，性能稳定。     

强泵浦条件下光纤放大器相位噪声的测量

 利用多抖动法对强泵浦条件下光纤放大器引入的相位噪声进行了测量。利用功率谱、积分谱对具体泵浦条件下的相位噪声特性进行定性分析,结果表明,泵浦功率越大,高频成分占的比例越大。利用结构函数定量分析相位噪声的变化特性,得出相位噪声控制系统的带宽需求指标。实验测得在71,181和230 W泵浦条件下,所需相位控制系统带宽最小值分别为830 Hz,3.1 kHz和10 kHz。     

光纤激光器阵列的多抖动法相干合成

 采用自行设计的基于大规模可编程门阵列（FPGA）结构的控制电路,实现了4路光纤激光的多抖动法相干合成。对大气湍流和机械振动引起的相位噪声进行了有效补偿,使远场光斑条纹对比度由开环时的0.21提高到了闭环时的0.93,闭环时远场特定孔径内的能量较开环时提高了3.3倍。该方法还对人为抖动光纤引起的较高频率噪声具有很好的抑制作用,系统闭环后,远场光斑条纹对比度可达到0.72。     

2 μm semiconductor disk laser with a heterodyne linewidth below 10 kHz

We demonstrate a 2 μm semiconductor disk laser emitting in a single longitudinal mode with a linewidth in the <10 kHz range. A heterodyne detection scheme was used for precise linewidth measurements. In these experiments, the output beams of two identical laser cavities were superposed in order to generate a beat note signal on a photodiode. In the absence of active frequency stabilization, a linewidth of 45 kHz was measured at an output power of 100 mW. When using a frequency stabilization consisting of a feedback loop with a Fabry-Perot interferometer as wavelength reference, the linewidth could be further reduced to 9 kHz.     

Optical amplifier bistability on reflection

Calculations are presented of bistable characteristics occurring on reflection from Fabry-Perot and distributed feedback laser amplifiers. Depending on the drive current and wavelength detuning, a variety of non-linear and bistable behaviour can be expected, including a new form of hysteresis loop not hitherto widely discussed. Switching powers and speeds are calculated for 1.5 μm InGaAsP amplifiers, and some potential applications for these effects are explored.     

Investigation of Different Input-Matching Mechanisms Used in Wide-Band LNA Design

This paper analyzes different input-matching mechanisms used in designing the wide-band amplifiers in general, and the low noise amplifiers (LNA) in particular, and their corresponding noise impact. Among them, the most promising one is the reactive-feedback circuit configuration, which is a combination of high-frequency inductive feedback and low frequency capacitive feedback. In this paper the simulated result that both matched input impedance and low noise temperature T_n can be achieved simultaneously over a wide bandwidth in the single-ended low noise amplifier is proved mathematically and is well interpreted. This understanding of reactive feedback is crucial for the future development of ultra-wide-band low-noise amplifiers.     

A Hyperchaotic Attractor with Multiple Positive Lyapunov Exponents

There are many hyperchaotic systems, but few systems can generate hyperchaotic attractors with more than three PLEs （positive Lyapunov exponents）. A new hyperchaotic system, constructed by adding an approximate time-delay state feedback to a five-dimensional hyperchaotic system, is presented. With the increasing number of phase-shift units used in this system, the number of PLEs also steadily increases. Hyperchaotic attractors with 25 PLEs can be generated by this system with 32 phase-shift units. The sum of the PLEs will reach the maximum value when 23 phase-shift units are used. A simple electronic circuit, consisting of 16 operational amplifiers and two analogy multipliers, is presented for confirming hyperchaos of order 5, i.e., with 5 PLEs.