流化床燃烧声发射与气固两相流特性研究

１引言燃烧流化床声发射是一个极其复杂的过程,它是气因流态化两相流运动,气体湍动和燃烧化学反应复合作用的结果,其发射声谱中包含了上述运动过程的丰富信息山,对其发射声谱进行系统深入的研究,对寻求流态化两相流的运动规律有重要意义。本文试图以大量的实验研究为基础,以声波数字计算技术和现代分析理论手段,对气因流态化两相流运动规律进行了研究。２实验简介实验装置主要有燃煤流化床燃烧实验台和声波测量系统组成。燃煤流化床燃烧实验台如图１所示,声波测量系统见图２,从燃烧室不同位置测得的声波信号,一路送声波数字化处理…     

平抛运动实验器的改进

1问题提出 高一物理学生分组实验“研究平抛物体的运动”,教材中要求学生通过实验要描出平抛物体运动的轨迹,并求出平抛物体的初速度．多数学校使用的是J2154平抛运动实验器．利用这种仪器进行实验,存在着实验误差较大,实验操作较难等缺陷．现进行改进如下．     

用光声效应产生声拍

报道了用光声效应产生各种不同频率的声波，并用这些声波相干叠加产生声拍的实验原理，方法和实验结果。     

用扭摆法测定物体转动惯量

本文简要地介绍了我校工科物理实验引进德国实验设备，用扭摆测定物体转动惯量的仪器装置和方法。     

改进用斜槽做的两个力学实验

研究平抛物体的运动实验，新教材与老教材相比，虽然有两点改进，用坐标纸代替白纸，用铅笔试碰找出小球经过的位置，但是，在桌边做这个实验，坐标原点很难记录准确，在重复实验过程中，很难使木板跟斜槽的相对位置保持不变，用铅笔找小球经过的位置，实验误差较大，实验效果也不尽如     

基于Labview的回波厚度测量系统

建立了基于Labview的回波厚度测量系统,用金属球撞击待测物体表面,产生脉冲声波,用换能器在待测物体表面接收物体内部多次反射的声波,用傅立叶变换计算出声波在物体内部的传输时间,就可得到待测物体的厚度。该测量方法具有成本低、设计新颖、物理思想清晰的特点,适合于发展为综合设计性大学物理实验项目。     

气垫导轨上物体受变力作用运动规律的研究

主要研究物体在气垫导轨上受变力作用下的运动规律。用粗细均匀的刚性尼龙绳来改 变物体的受力大小,使其在变力作用下运动,并且通过实验获得数据来验证实验原理是 否一致。     

对比式离心现象实验装置

为了弥补现行教科书中,离心运动的演示实验装置及离心现象产生实质的知识呈现不足,设计了符合学生认知规律的离心实验装置.该装置通过对比2个物体在相同的角速度下产生相反的运动状态,说明物体做离心运动,不是由角速度产生,而是只有合外为突然消失或是合外力不足以提供向心力时,才能产生离心运动.     

离心运动轨迹的演示

物理教材中对离心运动的描述有两类:一类是一旦作为向心力的合外力突然消失,物体就沿切线飞去,离圆心越来越远.这可由日常生活中的实例来说明,撑开淋湿的雨伞,让它围绕伞柄旋转,从雨伞边沿甩出的水滴,即沿切线飞出,就是此类运动.另一类是还有合外力,但合外力不足以提供物体做圆周运动的向心力时,物体会逐渐远离圆心运动,其轨迹是一条曲线.对此类离心运动,学生总感到抽象,难以理解接受.若能通过实验演示一下,则大有说服力.下面为此类离心运动轨迹的演示实验.     

人耳听阈曲线的测定

介绍一个面向医学专业的本科生开设的物理实验。该实验利用声波方面的声强、声强级、响度、响度级和听觉曲线等物理知识，完成了对人耳听阈曲线测定的实验设计，为临床听力仪的正确使用打下良好基础。     

利用虚拟技术演示声波的拍现象

将虚拟技术与多媒体计算机教学技术相结合,演示正弦波的拍现象。方法是用麦克风采集拍音信号输入到计算机中,利用频谱分析软件进行实时分析,同时将拍信号投影在大屏幕上,以使学生全面、直观地认识而掌握拍的概念。     

驻波声场中悬浮临界密度及稳定性研究

本文以声场中物体为研究对象,理论上得到行波和驻波场中的声辐射压力方程.在驻波声场中引入临界悬浮密度概念,可作为物体能否在非线性声场中悬浮的判据,同时给出谐振腔移动速度的最大范围.更进一步,以实验参数作为数值计算的输入来指导实验,并结合实验结果讨论了驻波声场中样品密度和大小、发射面和反射面形状以及两者之间的距离、反射面的尺寸等因素对物体悬浮稳定性的影响,发现当物体尺寸和密度确定时,调控好谐振腔的长度,增加波腹处的声压是提升声悬浮稳定性的有效手段.     

Modification to first-order Born approximation for improved prediction of scattered sound from weakly scattering objects

When deriving the Fourier diffraction theorem based on the first-order Born approximation,the difference between wave number of the scattering object and that of the surrounding medium is ignored,causing substantial errors in sound scattering prediction.This paper modifies the Born approximation by taking into account the amplitude and phase changes between the scattering object and the water due to the wave number difference.By changing the radius and center position of the sampling circle in the Fourier domain,accuracy of the predicted sound scattering is improved.With the modified Born approximation,the computed far-field directional pattern of the scattered sound from a circular cylinder is in good agreement with the rigorous solution.Numerical calculations for several objects with different shapes are used to show applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Acoustooptic modulators as switchable beam-splitters in high-speed holography

Two acoustooptic deflection devices are used as beam-splitters to realize an optical set-up for double-pulse high-speed holography. The essential features of these beam-splitters are: the ratio of object to reference light can be adjusted by the sound intensity, and the optical path can be altered quickly by turning the sound on and off. The influence of the frequency shift between the object and reference wave is discussed and experimental results are shown.     

修正一阶Born近似改进水中弱散射目标的散射声场预报

在推导Fourier衍射定理中运用一阶Born近似时忽略了弱散射体内外的波数差异,使散射声场方向特性的预报产生较大误差,针对这一问题,对一阶Born近似进行修正。考虑散射体内外波数差异引起的幅度和相位误差,通过调整频域采样圆弧半径并移动圆心位置得到了修正的一阶Born近似解。由于更准确地反映了目标与周围水介质的声学性质,有效提高了散射声场的预报精度。根据修正的Born近似计算了弱散射条件下无限长圆柱目标的散射远场指向性,结果与严格解相吻合,对其它形状截面的柱状目标也得到了合理的计算结果。      

A note on moving multipole sources of sound

The object of this note is to draw attention to the need, when speaking of a moving multipole source of sound, to state whether it is based on the wave equation for the velocity potential or the wave equation for the perturbation pressure. The theory of moving multipole sources of sound is firmly established, but, owing to lack of precision, some seemingly contradictory results are to be found in the literature. The reasons for these seemingly contradictory results are examined, and various basic relationships between a moving multipole sound field and its method of generation are established.     

Rendering moving sound with the doppler effect in sound space

In this report, a new rendering method of a moving sound with the Doppler effect is proposed. In the conventional rendering method of moving sound, Head Related Impulse Responses (HRIRs) are simply changed according to a sound position. However, the Doppler effect cannot be added to a sound in this method. The pitch of a sound object must be controlled using some other rendering method when a sound object moves at high speed. In our method, each HRIR is divided into two components, such as an initial delay and a main wave form. Two initial delays of both right and left ears are recalculated, respectively, based on relative speeds and a propagation path. These new initial delays are used in rendering. Therefore, the Doppler effect is added to a sound automatically only when a sound position is set in this algorithm. Details related to this algorithm are discussed in this report.     

基于锁定放大器的声速测量法

介绍一种用锁定放大器替代示波器确定声波相位,进行声速测量的方法.利用锁定放大器的高灵敏度、高信噪比的特点,能有效地提高实验装置的抗干扰性和测量准确度,被测量对象也可由原单一频率的超声波改变为任意频率的声波.本实验不确定度<5%,若采用更精密的仪器,实验不确定度很容易达到0 5%.