微流控技术制备ZnO纳米线阵列及其气敏特性

利用微流控技术在微通道中制备了Zn O纳米线阵列,通过X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜分别对纳米线的物相和表面形貌进行了表征.结果发现,合成的Zn O纳米线具有良好的c轴择优取向性和结晶度.同时,对Zn O纳米线阵列在丙酮、甲醇和乙醇气体中的气敏特性进行了研究,测试结果表明:在最佳工作温度(475?C)下,纳米线阵列对200 ppm(1 ppm=10-6)丙酮气体的最大灵敏度可达8.26,响应恢复时间分别为9和5 s;通过与传统水热法制备的Zn O纳米线的气敏性能相比较发现,基于微流控技术制备的纳米线阵列具有更高的灵敏度和更快的响应恢复速度.最后,从材料表面氧气分子得失电子的角度对Zn O纳米线气敏机理进行了讨论.     

Co3O4掺杂SnO2体系的乙醇和丙酮气敏特性

通过研磨、涂浆和700 ℃ 烧结3 h的方法， 得到了一系列Co3O4掺杂的SnO2纳米颗粒厚膜． 发现在300 ℃ 的工作温度下复合膜对乙醇和丙酮表现了很好的气敏性质， 尤其是在摩尔比Co/Sn为5%时效果达到最好． 对1000 ppm的乙醇和丙酮的灵敏度分别为301和200，为没有Co掺杂时的SnO2时的7倍和5倍．同时，Co3O4的掺杂没有使得对H2的灵敏度有很大的提高，即提高了乙醇和丙酮对氢气的选择性．最后讨论了提高气敏性能的机制．     

银纳米颗粒/多孔硅复合材料的制备与气敏性能研究

采用双槽电化学腐蚀法以电阻率为10-15 Ω·cm的p型<100>晶向的单晶硅片制备了孔径约为1.5 μm, 孔深约为15-20 μm的p型多孔硅, 并以此多孔硅作为基底采用无电沉积法通过调控沉积时间在其表面沉积了不同厚度的银纳米颗粒薄膜. 采用扫描电子显微镜和X 射线衍射仪表征了银纳米颗粒/多孔硅复合材料的形貌和微观结构, 结果表明银纳米颗粒较均匀的分布于多孔硅的表面上且沉积时间对产物的形貌有重要影响. 采用静态配气法在室温下研究了银纳米颗粒/多孔硅复合材料对NH₃的气敏性能. 气敏测试结果表明沉积时间对产物的气敏性能影响较大. 当沉积时间较短时, 适量银纳米颗粒掺杂的多孔硅复合材料由于其较高的比表面积以及特殊的形貌和结构, 对NH₃气体表现出较高的灵敏度、优良的响应/恢复性能. 室温下, 其对50 ppm 的NH₃气体的气敏灵敏度可以达到5.8左右.     

固体电解质ZrO_2薄膜气敏光学特性的研究

本文采用溶胶凝胶法制备了 Zr O2 薄膜 ,并研究它在乙醇蒸汽和氨蒸汽中的透射光谱 ,发现当掺入适量的稳定剂后 ,其光学特性显著增大 ,光学透过率随乙醇蒸汽和氨蒸汽的浓度增大而单调上升 ,敏感波段扩展至整个可见光区域 .其气敏光学特性的灵敏度、单调性、可重复性表明了该材料是一种有实用价值的气敏光纤传感器新材料 .本文亦讨论了 Zr O2 薄膜的气敏光学机理     

Au纳米颗粒负载WO_3纳米花复合结构的二甲苯气敏性能

本文采用水热法成功制备了Au纳米颗粒负载的WO_3纳米花材料,并运用XRD,SEM,TEM等手段对其晶体结构和形貌进行了表征,并详细研究了其对二甲苯的气敏性能.首先对Au的浓度和气敏元件的工作温度进行了优化,结果表明,0.4μl Au纳米颗粒负载的WO_3对二甲苯的灵敏度最高,最佳工作温度为250℃.同纯WO_3相比,Au纳米颗粒负载的WO_3纳米花具有更快的响应/恢复速度和更高的目标气体选择性,在100 ppm二甲苯中灵敏度达到了29.5.此外,检测限度可以低至5 ppm水平.最后对气敏元件表面可能发生的氧化还原反应的机理进行了研究和讨论,认为Au负载的WO_3纳米花材料有望应用于二甲苯气体传感器.     

Yb-In_2O_3纳米管的制备及其对甲醛的优异气敏性能

采用单管静电纺丝的方法成功制备了纯的与Yb掺杂的In_2O_3纳米管(Yb-In_2O_3).利用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射对样品的结构和形貌进行了表征,制作了基于纯In_2O_3和Yb-In_2O_3纳米管的气敏元件.研究表明,Yb-In_2O_3纳米管气敏元件在230℃下对100 ppm甲醛的灵敏度为69.8,是纯In_2O_3纳米管气敏元件对同浓度甲醛灵敏度(18.4)的3.8倍,其对100 ppm甲醛的响应恢复时间分别为4 s和84 s.并且,基于Yb-In_2O_3纳米管的气敏元件对100 ppb甲醛的灵敏度达到2.5.此外,该气敏元件还具有出色的选择性及稳定性,具备良好的实际应用前景.     

退火温度对TiO_2纳米薄膜酒精气敏特性影响的研究(英文)

采用直流磁控溅射的方法在Al2O3陶瓷管、硅基片上溅射制备了二氧化钛(TiO2)纳米薄膜材料.将薄膜样品放入管式退火炉中分别在500℃, 700℃和1100℃温度下退火.由于退火温度的不同,薄膜的晶体结构、晶粒尺寸、晶向以及气敏特性都有所不同.利用X射线衍射(XRD)技术和薄膜气敏特性测试,分析了退火温度对薄膜气敏特性的影响.分析结果表明退火温度在500℃时,呈现锐钛矿结构,薄膜具有很好的选择性、很短的反应(恢复)时间.对TiO2薄膜表面进行修饰,发现此TiO2薄膜的最佳工作温度为370℃左右.薄膜的气敏机理也得到了讨论.     

SnO2∶Zr薄膜对SO2气体的光学气敏特性研究

采用双靶反应溅射制得 Sn O2 ∶ Zr薄膜 ,并对它作了 1 5 0°C下 SO2 气敏光学特性试验 ,首次发现在适当工艺条件下制得的 Sn O2 ∶Zr薄膜在近红外波段 (1 .7～ 3 μm)对 SO2 气体具有明显的光学气敏特性 ,在 2 .65 μm附近透过率上升幅度达 1 0 %左右 .Zr的引入增强了 Sn O2 薄膜对 SO2 的吸附能力 .用二次离子质谱对吸附 SO2 前后的薄膜作了组分相对含量分析 .本实验结果对今后研究高性能 SO2 气敏传感器有一定的价值 .     

CuO掺杂C3N对C5F10O分解组分吸附性能的第一性原理研究

全氟五碳酮（C5F10O）作为可替代SF6的新型环保绝缘气体已被投入到实际应用中. 在绝缘设备内部不可避免的会发生局部放电等故障，造成C5F10O绝缘气体分解产生弱绝缘性能甚至剧毒的分解组分，为保证绝缘设备的安全运行，在不影响气敏传感器正常检测绝缘设备内部故障的情况下，需对这些分解组分进行有选择地吸附去除. 新型类石墨烯C3N材料在气体吸附领域具有良好的应用前景，文中基于第一性原理计算了CuO分子掺杂C3N对主要分解组分CF4、C2F6及剧毒产物CF2O、HF的吸附过程，计算并分析了各分解组分吸附时的吸附能、态密度、电荷转移量、差分电荷密度以及不同环境温度下的恢复时间. 结果表明，CuO-C3N对HF表现出良好的吸附性，CF2O次之，但其无法吸附CF4与C2F6，因此CuO-C3N可以作为一种高性能的气体吸附剂对C5F10O绝缘设备内的剧毒分解组分HF进行吸附去除.     

流动注射化学发光快速测定空气中甲醛

基于甲醛对Luminol-H2O2化学发光体系的增敏作用,建立了快速、简便、灵敏度高的流动注射-化学发光测定甲醛的新方法.测定甲醛的线性范围:0.1×10-12-10.0×10-12mol·L-1;检出限:0.03×10-12mol·L-1(3σ),RSD小于3%(n=5).本法成功的测定了空气和血清中甲醛的含量,采用标准加入法,回收率为94.28%-113.20%.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.