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1.
原子吸收光谱法测定铁路岩石边坡土壤中重金属含量   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
铁路岩石边坡土壤中重金属含量直接关系到铁路岩石边坡生态系统以及周边农田生态系统的环境安全。应用原子吸收光谱法检测了途经四川省紫色土丘陵区的成达铁路岩石边坡土壤与对照土壤中Pb,Cd,Zn,Cu,Mn等多种重金属元素的含量。结果表明:铁路岩石边坡土壤中重金属元素Pb和Mn的含量比对照土壤增加明显,增加幅度高达29.7%~35.4%;但重金属元素Cd,Zn,Cu在铁路岩石边坡土壤与对照土壤之间差别并不明显。  相似文献   

2.
山区大规模的铁路建设产生了大量的岩石边坡,前期研究表明边坡创面人工土壤受Pb污染,且有中等程度的富集。土壤类型、植被搭配类型是影响Pb迁移特性的重要因素,而目前却未见人工土壤及植被搭配类型对Pb迁移特性影响的相关报道。该研究以铁路岩石边坡创面人工土壤为对象,利用原子吸收分光光度法、红外光谱法分析了人工土壤对Pb的吸附-解吸特性及机制;运用野外人工模拟降雨实验,进一步考察在暴雨径流作用下,Pb在不同植被搭配类型的边坡人工土壤中的迁移过程。结果表明人工土壤对Pb的吸附量随着溶液平衡浓度的增加而急速增加,等温曲线呈"S"型,Freundlich方程能较好地描述人工土壤对Pb的吸附行为,R2为0.91。二次幂函数方程能较好描述NH_4AC对铅的解吸过程,R2为0.96。人工土壤有高岭石红外光谱特征吸收峰,属于高岭石型图谱。高岭石表面—OH、腐殖质表面—OH和—COOH参与吸附作用,置换出H+。人工土壤易将交通运输产生的Pb固定,但又容易再次释放。不同植被搭配类型边坡Pb流失量表现为草本草本+灌木草本+灌木+乔木。暴雨径流作用下Pb随沉积物相流失是边坡创面人工土壤Pb流失的主体,边坡土壤的侵蚀是导致Pb迁移扩散的主要原因,因此促进边坡植被的恢复,减小边坡人工土壤的侵蚀作用是防止Pb迁移扩散的关键。  相似文献   

3.
微波消解/ICP-MS测定水系沉积物中的9种重金属元素   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
优化了微波消解进行沉积物样品前处理的方法,选择了HNO3-H2O2-HF体系。以Ge,In,Bi为内标元素,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)同时测定Cr,Mn,Ni,Co,Cu,Zn,Cd,Sb,Pb九种重金属元素含量的方法。该方法的相关系数都在3个9以上,测定了国家标准物质ESS-1GSBZ50011-88土壤中的元素,测定值与标准值或参考值一致,相对标准偏差0.48%~5.73%,加标回收率98.0%~100.7%,检出限在0.011~0.328μg.L-1。利用建立的方法测定了白洋淀11个代表性点位的水系沉积物中的九种重金属元素含量,为环境中土壤及水系沉积物中重金属元素含量的测定提供了可靠的分析方法。  相似文献   

4.
采用微波消解—火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定某钢铁公司五种废旧除尘布袋中Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,Cr,Ni六种重金属元素总量,在国内首次研究了六种消解酸体系对废旧除尘布袋样品中重金属的消解效果。该方法的相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.02%~4.35%,平均回收率为87.7%~105.6%。研究表明,该方法操作简便、快速、准确、重复性好,适合于废旧除尘布袋中重金属含量的测定。试验分析结果表明,应根据不同布袋的特性差异,采用不同的消解体系;不同工序废旧除尘布袋样品中重金属含量差异较大,其中Pb、Zn元素含量最高,Cu,Ni,Cd,Cr等元素的含量相对较低。该测定结果为废旧除尘布袋的进一步处理处置研究提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

5.
铁路运输在推动路域经济发展的同时,也会对路域生态环境带来某些不良影响。水果品质与种植园土壤元素含量有直接关系,研究铁路周边脐橙种植园土壤元素含量对于农产品安全以及铁路周边生态环境建设都具有十分重要的意义。脐橙是一种人们十分喜欢的优质水果,在铁路周边尤其是四川省、重庆市、湖北省、江西省、贵州省等南方地区的铁路周边的栽种面积很大。应用原子吸收光谱法检测了四川省金堂县境内1997年建成的成达铁路沿线脐橙种植园土壤与对照土壤中Pb,Cd,Mn,Cu,Zn等多种元素的含量。结果表明,铁路周边脐橙种植园土壤中重金属元素Pb和中量元素Mn比对照土壤增加明显,但重金属元素Cd与微量元素Cu和Zn在铁路周边脐橙种植园土壤与对照土壤之间差别并不明显。  相似文献   

6.
测量重金属化合物氯化铬(CrCl3)、氯化铜(CuCl2)、氯化锌(ZnCl2)的可见-近红外反射光谱(VNIRS),将重金属反射光谱与重金属元素的核外电子排布式联系起来,观察重金属化合物的反射光谱特征;结合晶体场理论分析重金属的特征反射峰出现的波段位置和原因。以湖北大冶地区土壤样品为例,向土样中添加不同浓度梯度的CrCl3,CuCl2和ZnCl2并测定其可见-近红外反射光谱,研究不同种类不同浓度的重金属对土壤反射光谱的影响。对样本的反射光谱进行不同光谱预处理,探究重金属浓度与土壤反射光谱之间的线性相关关系及显著相关(p<0.05)波段出现的位置和潜在机理。结果表明,重金属化合物CrCl3,CuCl2和ZnCl2在可见光-短波近红外波段范围内的反射光谱特征与重金属元素3d轨道上的电子填充状态有关。添加入土壤中的重金属化合物影响了土壤的可见-近红外反射光谱,其浓度与土壤反射光谱之间整体呈负相关,最大负相关系数分别为-0.788,-0.880和-0.824。样品反射光谱经不同预处理后,重金属浓度与土壤反射光谱之间的线性相关关系有所变化,显著相关波段信息更加丰富。研究表明,重金属的可见-近红外反射光谱与重金属的电子结构紧密相关,可见-近红外反射光谱技术可以检测到土壤中较高浓度重金属的存在,该技术在快速高效、无损低耗地预测土壤重金属元素含量方面拥有巨大潜力。基于部分重金属化合物的可见-近红外反射光谱特征,结合晶体场理论为土壤重金属的定性和定量反射光谱分析提供了理论依据和实验参考。  相似文献   

7.
土壤/沉积物中重金属元素分析的前处理技术研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
概述了近年来土壤/沉积物样品中重金属元素分析的前处理技术,包括电热板法、微波消解法、高压密闭消解法和碱熔法等,对各种前处理方法的优缺点进行了比较,并对土壤/沉积物样品中重金属元素的前处理技术研究方向进行了展望。  相似文献   

8.
原子荧光光谱法对果园土壤中砷和汞空间分布特征的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
利用王水消解—双道原子荧光光谱法测定了山东省苹果主产区栖霞市果园土壤中的As和Hg含量,验证了检测方法的检出限、准确度与精密度,分析了栖霞市果园土壤中重金属As和Hg的空间分布特征,并对栖霞市果园土壤中As和Hg的污染状况进行评价。结果表明:栖霞市果园土壤中As的含量范围为2.79~20.93mg·kg-1,平均值为10.59mg·kg-1,而Hg的含量范围为0.01~0.79mg·kg-1,平均值为0.12mg·kg-1。As元素在土壤中变异较小,而Hg元素在土壤中变异较大。频数分布图显示,土壤中As元素含量基本符合正态分布,含量大多在7~15mg·kg-1之间,土壤中Hg元素含量不符合正态分布,含量大多在0.03~0.21mg·kg-1之间。土壤As和Hg含量与土壤各养分指标之间的相关性均不显著,且土壤中As和Hg两种元素之间亦无显著的相关关系。以国家绿色食品产地环境质量标准为评价依据,栖霞市果园土壤As含量处于无污染的清洁水平,而土壤Hg的污染指数大于1的样点占总数的4.76%,需要引起管理者的注意。  相似文献   

9.
采用HF-HNO3-HC lO43酸进行消解,应用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定泥炭试样中多种元素的含量。泥炭中几种重金属元素的含量不高,有效元素含量较高,样品回收率在90.74%—102.14%之间,RSD均小于5%。ICP-AES简单,快速,灵敏度高,准确性好,可多元素同时测定,为泥炭的综合开发利用提供了基本的依据。  相似文献   

10.
比较加入几种不同的混酸,用微波消解仪对土壤样品进行消解,采用双向视电感耦合发射光谱仪(DUO-ICP-AES)标准加入法(MSA)测定土壤中6项重金属元素含量。研究表明,HNO3-HClO4-HF-HCl处理土壤的效果比王水、HNO3-HF更佳,同时该法快速简单,回收率和精密度较好,干扰少,为土壤重金属含量的快速测定开辟了新方法。  相似文献   

11.
Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.  相似文献   

12.
A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.  相似文献   

13.
The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.  相似文献   

14.
15.
A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.  相似文献   

16.
Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·104 Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.  相似文献   

17.
A transient suppression method for piezoelectric ceramic transducer is presented. By adding some special pedestal pulses to the original transmitted signal, the transient effects in the output of the transducer can be just precisely transmission by use of a narrowband transducer. canceled, thereby achieving the broadband The experimental results show that the transient responses of the sinusoid pulses and coded signals are suppressed successfully and the acoustic waveforms radiated into the surrounding water are improved significantly.  相似文献   

18.
We experimentally demonstrate amplitude squeezed soliton utilizing intensity-dependent self-phase modulation in an asymmetric Sagnac interferometer.The system.whose components are connected via ferrule connector/physical connection(FC/PC)fiber connectors,constitutes all-fiber configuration to generate squeezed soliton.Soliton amplitude reduction measured by homodyne detection is near 4.0 dB below the shot-noise level.Optimal squeezing fields in both simple and compact all-fiber configuration are obtained.  相似文献   

19.
The(2 1)-dimensional nonlinear Schr(o)dinger(NLS)equation with spatially inhomogeneous nonlinearities is investigated,which describes propagation of light in(2 1)-dimensional nonlinear optical media with inhomogeneous nonlinearities.New types of optical modes and nonlinear effects in optical media are presented numerically.The results reveal that the regular split of beam can be obtained in (2 1)-dimensional nonlinear optical media with inhomogeneous nonlinearities,by adjusting the guiding parameter.Furthermore,the stability of beam regular split is discussed numerically,and the results reveal that the beam regular split is stable to the finite initial perturbations.  相似文献   

20.
In the real-world application of face recognition system, owing to the difficulties of collecting samples or storage space of systems, only one sample image per person is stored in the system, which is so-called one sample per person problem. Moreover, pose and illumination have impact on recognition performance. We propose a novel pose and illumination robust algorithm for face recognition with a single training image per person to solve the above limitations. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is an efficient and practical approach for face recognition.  相似文献   

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