保偏光纤光栅温度传感性能的实验研究

在经过氢敏化处理的保偏光纤上制作了中心波长在1300 nm窗口的光纤布拉格光栅，并对这种保偏光纤布拉格光栅的温度传感特性进行了实验研究与理论分析。结果表明这种光栅可以用作温度传感器，对温度进行测量。和普通的标准单模光纤布拉格光栅一样，它对温度的响应具有很好的线性关系。本实验结果还可以作为对保偏光纤光栅传感特性进一步深入研究的参考。     

多模光纤光栅温度传感特性的实验研究

利用氢敏化处理的多模光纤制作了多模光纤光栅,并对多模光纤光栅的温度传感特性进行了实验研究与理论分析,表明这种光栅三个反射峰的布拉格波长随温度变化均呈现出良好的线性关系,并且重复性相当好,同一光栅的各反射峰的理论温度灵敏度系数都等于0．01nm／℃,实验测得的温度灵敏度系数为0．0098nm／℃或0．0099nm／℃,与理论分析相当吻合,这些特性与单模光纤光栅的温度传感特性接近相同。因此可以用多模光纤光栅代替单模光纤光栅开发光纤光栅传感器,以降低成本;这一实验结果还可以作为对多模光纤光栅进一步深入研究的参考。     

基于Sagnac环的FBG时分复用强度解调技术

提出了一种基于Sagnac光纤环的布拉格光栅时分复用强度解调方法,多个中心波长相同的光纤布拉格光栅组成时分复用传感网络,通过光纤布拉格光栅网络输出光谱的强度变化对光信号进行解调;在系统信号解调模块,采用小波分析与高斯拟合的算法对信号进行滤波处理及拟合优化处理。实验结果证明,系统信号信噪比由8.06 dB提高到11.7 dB,提高了约36%,有效提升了系统的抗干扰能力以及检测外界参量传感的准确度。该方法在极大降低解调系统成本的同时,有效提高了布拉格光栅传感器复用数量,可用于各种传感系统或者参量检测系统中。     

基于线型腔掺铒光纤激光器的光纤光栅传感实验研究

提出了一种基于线型腔掺铒光纤激光器的光纤布拉格光栅传感解调系统,并进行了理论分析和实验验证。此传感系统具有稳定性好、信噪比高、结构简单等特点。实验结果表明:在常温下光纤光栅传感解调系统能很好的实现光纤光栅传感信号的传感和检测;15m掺铒光纤用作增益介质可以产生较大信噪比的稳定激光输出,系统在4nm范围内的解调精度为0.04nm。     

基于混沌光纤激光的准分布式布拉格传感网络

提出了一种基于混沌光纤激光器的准分布式布拉格光纤光栅传感系统,将波长可调谐的混沌光纤激光器作为传感光源,全同弱反射布拉格光纤光栅作为传感元件。利用混沌光源具有delta函数的自相关特性,将混沌源的参考光信号与从全同弱反射布拉格光纤光栅反射的光信号经光电探测器进行光电转换,结合相关法对参考光和反射光进行相关运算,根据相关峰的位置对传感器位置进行精确定位。利用混沌激光的可调谐性实现因应力作用而发生变化的全同弱反射光纤光栅的中心波长的解调,从而实现准分布式的传感网络。实验结果表明利用混沌激光可在单路光纤上复用全同弱反射光纤光栅实现传感,并有望实现密集型全同弱反射光纤光栅传感网络。     

光纤光栅振动传感匹配检测方法的研究

介绍了用匹配光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）对振动传感进行直接的光强调制，从而完成传感及解调过程的方法，首先从理论上推导了光纤光栅的反射，透射谱的表达式，对光纤光栅的传感机制给出了定性的解释，并建立了数学模型进行模拟，进而报道了利用匹配光纤光栅进行单点解调，将振动传感信号变为解调光栅的输出光强信号，从而进行检测的方法，实验结果与理论吻合得很好，证明该方法是可行的。     

基于峰值匹配分布式估计算法的光纤布拉格光栅传感网络重叠光谱的波长解调

针对有限光源带宽条件下光纤布拉格光栅传感网络重叠复用的解调瓶颈,提出基于峰值匹配分布式估计算法的波长解调方法,将光纤布拉格光栅传感网络重叠光谱的解调问题转化为函数优化问题,利用理论光谱与重叠光谱之间的差异构建优化模型,通过峰值匹配分布式估计算法对该优化模型进行求解得到各光纤布拉格光栅的传感值.分布式估计算法采用高斯混合模型构建描述光纤布拉格光栅传感网络的解空间概率分布,由概率模型采样产生新的种群个体,并引入峰值匹配算子消除光纤布拉格光栅峰值错配,通过反复进化最终得到最优解.采用该方法对不同规模数量的光纤布拉格光栅传感网络进行解调实验,结果表明该方法在大规模光纤布拉格光栅光谱完全重叠的情况下,平均误差可控制在10pm以内;与现有其他解调技术相比,其具有更高的解调精度,能够解决光纤布拉格光栅传感网络光谱在部分重叠甚至完全重叠情况下的波长解调问题,为提升光纤布拉格光栅传感网络复用数量提供了新的解调途径.     

基于侧边抛磨光纤的表面布拉格光栅温度传感器

为了实现在侧边抛磨光纤（SPF）上制作布拉格光栅结构并提高器件设计灵活性,利用重铬酸盐明胶（DCG）作为光刻材料,提出一种新型的光纤表面布拉格光栅制作方法并对该器件温度传感特性进行研究。使用轮式抛磨系统制作SPF,并在SPF侧抛面上旋涂DCG,通过干涉光束曝光显影制作表面布拉格光栅。光谱测量表明:带有布拉格光栅的侧边抛磨光纤在1 480.2 nm处有透射谷,在相应位置反射谱有明显反射峰,其调制幅度达到15.9 dB,这是由于表面光栅的布拉格反射所致。温度传感实验表明,该布拉格反射峰的温度灵敏度为17.84 pm/℃。这种器件已在光纤传感和光纤滤波器等方面获得应用。     

基于InGaAs光谱成像技术的光纤光栅传感器在大坝渗流监测系统的应用

为了实现大坝渗流监测,提出了一种采用光谱成像技术的光纤Bragg光栅传感器和多点传感系统。基于室内实验结果,对监测系统可靠性与监测数据准确度进行和多点传感信号分辨因子分析,结果表明:用于坝体温度场检测的光线光栅传感器波长温度响应灵敏度可达0.009 1nm/℃;由光源带宽决定的测试系统可实现多个传感器的复用。实践表明:采用光纤光栅传感系统可进行大坝渗流自动监测,特别是在系统防雷击、抗干扰性方面,与传统仪器相比具有明显优势。     

阵列波导光栅解调的准分布式光纤光栅传感器

从理论上和实验上研究了一种操作简单、响应速度快,价格低廉和高分辨率的基于阵列波导光栅(AWG)的准分布式光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器.该传感系统采用了阵列波导光栅双通道强度解调技术对光纤光栅的布拉格波长和温度进行精确的解调.实验结果表明,该系统对宽带宽光纤光栅的布拉格波长和温度解调均具有高线性度,考虑系统稳定性及光纤布拉格光栅之间的串扰影响,波长测量精度仍可达2 pm,温度测量精度优于0.2℃.     

An all-fibre multi-parameter sensor for composite structures based on a chirped fibre Bragg grating

An all-fibre multi-parameter sensor for composite structures based on a chirped optical fibre Bragg grating (CFBG) has been studied theoretically and experimentally. The principle of multi-parameters sensing with a single CFBG is based on that the centre wavelength and the FWHM (full width at half maximum) in the reflection spectrum of a CFBG vary linearly with the temperature and/or the axial stress. A wavelength matched optical fibre long period grating (LPG) and another wavelength matched reference CFBG (CFBGR) have been used to interrogate the signal of the sensor CFBG (CFBGS). The temperature and strain of the composite structure have been monitored real-time with one CFBG as a single sensor head. The temperature resolution of 0.12°C and the strain resolution of 1.1μ? for a composite structure have been realized in experiments. The experiment results agree well with the theoretical analyses.     

强度解调型光纤光栅温度传感实验

光纤光栅在工程上应用广泛,但由于存在解调系统复杂、成本高,尤其是需要使用光纤光谱仪等波长解调仪器,使得光纤光栅很难走入本科教学的实验课堂.本文提出了一种基于窄线宽DFB激光器的强度解调方案,极大地简化了光纤光栅传感器的解调系统,完全满足较高分辨率和实时检测的系统要求.合理安排的温度传感实验可以非常直观地展示光纤光栅的线性传感性能,使得工程化的光纤光栅传感技术轻松走进本科教学课堂,具有极高的推广和应用潜力.     

光纤光栅复用温度传感研究

提出了一种基于匹配光栅调谐光纤激光器波长扫描寻址的新光纤光栅复用传感解方案,理论上分析了系统的响应特性,实验上完成了三光栅复用温度传感,实验结果与理论值相一致。     

Tilted fiber Bragg grating sensors

Optical fiber gratings have developed into a mature technology with a wide range of applications in various areas, including physical sensing for temperature, strain, acoustic waves and pressure. All of these applications rely on the perturbation of the period or refractive index of a grating inscribed in the fiber core as a transducing mechanism between a quantity to be measured and the optical spectral response of the fiber grating. This paper presents a relatively recent variant of the fiber grating concept, whereby a small tilt of the grating fringes causes coupling of the optical power from the core mode into a multitude of cladding modes, each with its own wavevector and mode field shape. The main consequence of doing so is that the differential response of the modes can then be used to multiply the sensing modalities available for a single fiber grating and also to increase the sensor resolution by taking advantage of the large amount of data available. In particular, the temperature cross‐sensitivity and power source fluctuation noise inherent in all fiber grating designs can be completely eliminated by referencing all the spectral measurements to the wavelength and power level of the core mode back‐reflection. The mode resonances have a quality factor of 10⁵, and they can be observed in reflection or transmission. A thorough review of experimental and theoretical results will show that tilted fiber Bragg gratings can be used for high resolution refractometry, surface plasmon resonance applications, and multiparameter physical sensing (strain, vibration, curvature, and temperature).     

Optical fiber FBG linear sensing systems for the on-line monitoring of airborne high temperature air duct leakage

Electrical sensing systems, such as those involving eutectic salt, are mostly used in connection to leakage from existing airborne high-temperature air-conducting pipelines. Such complex structured systems are susceptible to external interferences and, thus, cannot meet the increasingly strict monitoring needs of a complex air-conducting pipeline system of an aircraft. In view of this point, this paper studies an alternative sensor system based on a dense array fiber grating. To obtain a compact and light-weight airborne signal processing system, a field programmable gate array is used as the main control core that controls the output of the light source. The functions of pulse modulation, analog-to-digital conversion, data buffering and transmission are integrated into a single system, while the linear sensing monitoring is obtained by detecting the time-division and wavelength-division wavelength drift signals of the fiber Bragg grating array. Our experiments show that the spatial resolution of the linear sensing system approaches 5 cm, the temperature measurement accuracy reaches 2 ℃, the temperature measurement range is between 0-250 ℃, and the response time is within 4 s. Compared with the existing electrical monitoring systems, various monitoring indicators have been greatly improved and have broad application prospects.     

Distributed temperature measurement using a Fabry-Perot effect based chirped fiber Bragg grating

A temperature distribution sensing system based on the reflection spectrum of a 70 mm apodized chirped fiber Bragg grating has been demonstrated. Reflection variations created by the Fabry-Perot effect due to the intra-grating wavelength shift are presented. By fitting a parametric transfer matrix model of the grating response to measured spectra, the temperature change, position and width of a localized temperature change are obtained. This system is particularly attractive of its simplicity, high spatial resolution and ability in measuring a non-monotonic distribution. Experiments to measure two localized heating regions along the grating indicate that the technique is promising for measuring more complex temperature profiles.     

一种新型光纤光栅围栏防火防入侵同步预警系统

利用布喇格光纤光栅传感器对应变和温度同时敏感的特性,根据应变和温度导致光栅中心波长变化趋势及规律的不同,在光纤光栅围栏入侵监测系统中,从信号时域、频域提取的多方位特征对周界入侵和火灾发生等威胁安全事件进行智能识别和报警.在光纤光栅围栏防入侵功能基础上,无需做任何硬件封装的改变,也无需另外增加温度敏感光缆和集成其他温度监测系统,即可同时达到火灾监测的目的,实现防火和防入侵的同步预警.处理结果验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于色散补偿光纤的高速光纤光栅解调方法

本文提出并论证了一种光纤光栅高速解调的新方法, 利用色散补偿光纤的色散效应, 将光纤光栅的波长漂移信息转换成时域信息. 采用脉冲激光器作为光源, 仅需一个光脉冲可获取单根光纤上所有光纤光栅的反射光脉冲, 再根据各个光栅反射回光脉冲的延时变化即可实现波长的解调. 本方法可用于准分布光纤光栅传感网络解调, 系统采用全光纤结构, 无需波长扫描, 大大提高了解调速度. 本文搭建了测试系统进行实验验证, 对3个光纤光栅组成的准分布式传感网络进行了解调, 实验结果表明, 解调出的光纤光栅布喇格波长线性度好, 解调速度最高可达1 MHz, 采样数据取10次平均后解调线性度可达0.9969, 解调误差约为27.8 pm.     

岩层变形检测的光纤光栅多点传感理论与工程应用

为了监测松散地层沉降变形,提出了一种用于钻孔中植入式光纤Bragg光栅传感器(FBG)的结构和传感网络系统.基于室内实验结果,给出了用于岩层变形检测的传感光栅波长带宽为6 nm,分析了多点传感信号分辨因子,山光源带宽决定的测试系统最大实际复用能力为6个传感器.设计并实现了一个由18个光纤光栅组成的具有特色的光纤Bragg光栅波分复用/空分复用混合阵列.工程实践表明,光纤光栅传感系统采用双同路布置.可提高系统下放后光纤光栅传感器的成活率.