傅里叶变换红外光谱仪遥测污染云团的吸收光谱算法

遥感傅里叶变换红外光谱技术因其具有对污染源作无干扰监测、多组分的同时连续测定、区域性或大范围地区的测量等优点,因而已广泛的应用于遥感测量技术。利用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱仪远距离探测目标,根据探测的目标源是否充满光谱仪的视场,建立了三种辐射模型。在所建立模型的基础上,选用了D&P公司生产的便携式Model-101型傅里叶变换红外光谱仪,实时探测目标云团和背景,运用差谱法和发射光谱法对探测结果进行了光谱分析,进而得到了扣除背景影响后的目标云团吸收光谱。给出了相应的仿真实验结果示例。实验结果表明,由差谱法得到的结果准确度较好。     

高光通量短波红外静止干涉成像光谱仪研究

讨论高光通量静止干涉（傅里叶变换）成像光谱仪的基本原理及结构特点，建立了短波红外的高光通量静止傅里叶变换光谱仪的实验系统，给出了实验结果。     

傅里叶变换系统的光线矩阵分析方法

本文应用光线矩阵方法,分析一般的非对称系统,导出了该系统的傅里叶变换条件;考虑到定位误差,文中给出了计算夫琅和费和傅里叶变换有效区域和物理焦深区的公式;并得出了在不同波面入射光波的情况下,谱面移动量的计算公式,最后给出了二个应用实例。     

新型傅里叶变换光谱探测系统相位误差校正方法

为了降低基于MEMS(micro-electro-mechanical systems)微镜的傅里叶变换光谱探测系统复原光谱仪的畸变,提高复原光谱的质量,减小系统相位误差的影响,提出了一种系统相位误差的修正方法。首先分析了基于MEMS微镜的傅里叶变换光谱探测系统中相位误差的主要来源,分析结果表明：该新型傅里叶变换光谱探测系统的相位误差来源于光程差的零点漂移,该相位误差可以通过改进该系统干涉仪的结构引入过零采样并利用Mertz乘积法进行修正。搭建了光谱探测系统的实验平台,对该相位误差校正方法进行了实验验证,实验结果表明：采用了改进干涉仪并利用Mertz乘积法校正误差后的光谱探测系统所测得的复原光谱质量得到明显改善,去除了原复原谱畸变产生的负峰,且旁瓣得到明显抑制。该相位误差校正方法能够很好的降低相位误差对系统性能的影响,能够有效地提高系统的光谱探测性能。在提出的基于MEMS微镜的新型傅里叶变换光谱探测系统的基础上,分析了该系统相位误差的来源,提出了一种系统相位误差的修正方法,提高了系统的光谱探测性能。     

摆动器场误差对自由电子激光器自发辐射谱的影响

在考虑平面型摆动器（Ｗｉｇｇｌｅｒ）场误差△Ｂ（ｚ）的情况下，求解电子在磁场中运动的洛仑兹（Ｌｏｔｅｎｔｚ）方程，得到场误差对电子横向速度的改变，然后作傅里叶变换即为电子自发辐射谱的改变，并讨论了各种场误差对自由电子激光器自发辐射谱的影响，选择北京自由电子激光器（ＢＦＥＬ）参数，进行模拟，最后确定出各种场误差的可接受条件。     

酞菁配合物的红外光谱金属相关谱带的研究(Ⅰ)

前言由于酞菁大环结构的复杂性,因而在其红外光谱中有许多谱带。虽然,前人对其作了不少研究,但在中红外区,已发现和归属过的谱带却较少,至今,尚未见到本报告的专题研究。实验样品是在本实验室内合成和精制的。在真空(约10~(-5)毫米汞)下,使之升华在溴化钾片上。用MX-1 E红外付里叶变换光谱仪作图,图谱和数据均经计算机处理。     

健康人体乳腺傅里叶变换红外光谱特征参数分析

通过应用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)的中红外光导纤维并联合衰减全反射探头(ATR)对招募的200名女性健康志愿者的右侧乳腺外上限部位皮肤进行扫描采集相应的傅里叶变换红外光谱,由此共获取200条正常人体乳腺的傅里叶变换红外光谱图。进一步对所得的200条正常人体乳腺傅里叶变换红外光谱图中与脱氧核糖核酸、核糖核酸、蛋白质、脂类、糖类等生物化学成分相关的12条特征谱带进行分析研究,并对这些特征谱带的峰位(P)、峰强(I)、半高宽(F)等36个特征性红外光谱参数进行统计学分析,同时计算相应特征红外光谱参数的90%正常参考值范围、均值、标准差等数值。研究结果首次对正常人体乳腺傅里叶变换红外光谱图相关特征光谱参数的数据建立了正常参考范围,同时为傅里叶变换红外光谱技术进一步实现其在乳腺良恶性疾病诊断方面无创、快速、高效的特有临床应用价值提供相应的理论依据。     

傅里叶变换红外光谱对枯草芽孢杆菌的光学特性研究

使用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)技术,测量了两种不同浓度的枯草芽孢杆菌的红外透过率谱,根据朗伯-比尔定律计算出它们的质量消光截面,通过算出复折射率的虚部,再使用KK(Kramers-Kronig)关系,导出复折射率的实部,并对实验结果作了分析和讨论。通过研究枯草芽孢杆菌复折射率的测量和分析方法,对于进一步研究生物气溶胶的吸收和散射特性、拓宽生物气溶胶的测量和遥测技术方法,具有重要的意义。     

中波红外微型静态傅里叶变换光谱仪的设计与分析

提出一种基于微光学元件的空间调制微型傅里叶变换红外光谱仪,通过引入红外微结构衍射光学元件、多级微反射镜和微透镜阵列,实现仪器的微型化.介绍了微型傅里叶变换红外光谱仪的结构及基本原理,分析了微型准直系统和聚焦耦合光学系统的设计理论,研究了单片折衍混合准直透镜的残存像差、衍射面的衍射效率、多级微反射镜的衍射、微透镜阵列的孔径衍射和中继系统的轴向装配误差对光谱复原的影响.最后,对中波红外微型傅里叶变换光谱仪进行了建模仿真,得到的复原光谱与理想的光谱曲线比较符合,实际的光谱复原误差为2.89%.该中波红外微型静态傅里叶变换光谱仪无可动部件,且采用了微光学元件取代了传统的红外镜头,不仅稳定性良好,而且体积小、重量轻,有利于在线监测应用.     

红外傅里叶变换光谱在化学上的应用

(一)红外傅里叶变换光谱(FT-IR)的特点 1.FT-IR FT-IR是利用干涉谱的傅里叶变换取得红外光谱的技术,被变换的干涉谱是双光束Michelson干涉仪当光束间光程差从零变到一些极大值时的记录。FT-IR系统是由Michelson干涉仪和计算机组成的,它是多路技术、干涉量度技术和变换技术的结合体。这里,光谱是通过数字变换复原的量,而干涉谱才是原始测量的量。当光源的发射为复色辐射时,干涉谱为:     

Algorithms for data evaluation applied to the detection of buried objects

A non-iterative spectral estimation technique, the PDFT algorithm, is used to image buried objects from scattered field data. We discuss the PDFT as a generalized linear back-propagation method for Fourier transform data. Apart from its ability to incorporate prior knowledge about the target into the imaging model, it allows one to determine whether this prior information is consistent with the data. We discuss how this can be used to evaluate the quality of data sets. The PDFT is applied to real data of buried plastic land-mines and we show preliminary results indicating the potential of ground-penetrating radar for demining.     

A rotating-compensator fourier ellipsometer

A new digital Fourier ellipsometer is described which employs a rotating compensator and a fixed analyzer to measure the polarization of light reflected from the sample. This technique combines the advantages of null ellipsometry and previously reported rotating- analyzer Fourier ellipsometry (RAE) in that it is fast, precise, has data processing flexibility and operates at high detected levels, but removes the handedness ambiguity present in RAE. The instrument may be called a Fixed-Analyzer, Rotating-Compensator Ellipsometer, but in the interest of brevity the authors have chosen the acronym RCE.     

A comparison of models used as alternative magnetic resonance image reconstruction methods

In magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, excellent reconstructions are obtained on large data sets using the inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT). Modeling procedures have been proposed to overcome the image artifacts from the truncation of small data sets. In this paper, a relationship between image reconstruction using modeling and the standard IDFT is presented. A comparison of the assumptions behind the Smith and Haacke models is given and an experimental evaluation of the validity of the models provided. Various methods of evaluating model coefficients are discussed. Images are reconstructed from both models using the Transient Error reconstruction approach (TERA) algorithm. TERA is an algorithm that reintroduces data information components that cannot be modeled: useful when the assumed model characteristics do not completely match all portions of the image. Although very different in their basic assumptions, both the Smith and Haacke models were found to reduce truncation artifacts and improve resolution when used with the TERA algorithm.     

Statistical methods for detecting activated regions in functional MRI of the brain

Two statistical tests for detecting activated pixels in functional MRI (fMRI) data are presented. The first test (t-test) is the optimal solution to the problem of detecting a known activation signal in Gaussian white noise. The results of this test are shown to be equivalent to the cross-correlation method that is widely used for activation detection in fMRI. The second test (F test) is the optimal solution when the measured data are modeled to consist of an unknown activation signal that lies in a known lower dimensional subspace of the measurement space with added Gaussian white noise. A model for the signal subspace based on a truncated trigonometric Fourier series is proposed for periodic activation–baseline imaging paradigms. The advantage of the second method is that it does not assume any information about the shape or delay of the activation signal, except that it is periodic with the same period as the activation–baseline pattern. The two models are applied to experimental echo-planar fMRI data sets and the results are compared.     

光纤傅里叶变换光谱分析装置

报道了一种新的光谱测量方法-基于单模光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪(FMZI)结构的傅里叶变换光谱分析法。在传统傅里叶变换光谱仪( FTS ) 中,用光纤代替传统光路;用光纤耦合器取代传统分束器;用压电光程调制器取代传统移动镜;从而构建了光纤傅里叶变换光谱仪(FFTS)。利用该FFTS测量了LD在阈值以下的发射光谱并与光栅光谱仪测量结果进行了比较,结果表明测量结果是相互吻合的。初步的实验中由于光程调制有限,光谱分辨率为～7 cm-1,改造光程调制器可进一步提高光谱分辨率,证明了FFTS用于分析光谱的可行性。     

光电子衍射谱Fourier变换分析方法的垂直单电子束模型

利用垂直单电子束(0,0,束)模型推导了光电子衍射I-V曲线的解析公式。对于系统C(2×2)Se(3d)/Ni(001)进行了数值计算,求出这个系统的光电子衍射谱及“相移”,从“相移”推算出“层距修正”值。另一方面对光电子衍射谱作Fourier变换直接求得“层距修正”。计算表明从两种途径求得的“层距修正”值十分接近,从而证明光电子衍射谱的Fourier变换可能成为表面结构分析的一种直接方法。 关键词：     

Optimisation of data density in Fourier holographic system using spatial filtering and sparse modulation coding

A computer model is presented that can be used to determine the image formed by a 8-f Fourier imaging system. With the model we optimised data density in a thin film Fourier holographic arrangement. Results of the simulations were experimentally verified in the holographic memory card system. We optimised the capacity in function of sparsity and Fourier filtering close to the Nyquist aperture. We achieved a data density of 1.1-bit/μm². Our results suggest that the sparse pages combined with spatially filtered Fourier spectrum lead to better performance compared to balanced codes.     

Spectral analysis of Doppler ultrasonic decompression data

Several aspects of spectral analysis of bubble transients in Doppler ultrasonic decompression data are discussed. The computation of energy density spectra, using fast Fourier transform techniques for analyzing bubble transients, is described. Spectral analysis of data from probes implanted within animals, using a conventional Fourier analyzer, provided good visual indications of bubble events and interesting changes in spectral structure. A new transient spectral analysis technique that is suitable for quantitative real-time monitoring of small decompression bubbles is described. In a feasibility study using data from an implanted probe, an increase of 900% in bubble signal/noise ratio was observed.     

茶叶定性和定量近红外光谱分析方法研究

分别采集了茉莉花茶、苦丁茶、龙井和铁观音4个种类茶叶共120个样本,利用NIRSystems6500型近红外光谱分析仪对样本进行光谱测量,应用近红外光谱分析技术对茶叶进行定性和定量分析。采用主成分分析法,结合聚类分析法,对4种类别的茶叶进行定性鉴别,通过对不同光谱数据预处理方式和不确定因子系数进行比较,确立了最优定性判别定标模型。同时,采用修正的偏最小二乘法,比较不同光谱预处理方法对定标模型的影响,建立了茶叶中水分、茶多酚和咖啡碱含量的定量分析模型,并对未知样本进行预测。定性分析模型的种类识别准确率达到100％,定量分析模型的决定系数均大于0.91,相对分析误差RPD均大于3。结果表明,利用NIRS分析技术可以快速定性和定量分析鉴别茶叶的类别和成分含量。     

Missing data in image and signal processing: The case of binary objects

I investigated which portions of the Fourier transform of binary signals, images and three-dimensional objects are necessary to correctly identify an object in the presence of noise. This is practically possible for very small binary data sets since the total number of possible objects is then very limited. There are for example 512 different binary images with 9 pixels. It is easy to see that this number soon becomes impractically large for bigger images or if one allows more than two possible pixel values. It turns out that even in the presence of large amounts of noise a relatively small portion of the Fourier transform is essential for deciding which of all possible binary objects the Fourier transform belongs to. These ‘decision experiments’ can be used as a standard for how well algorithms for retrieval of missing Fourier components perform. In another set of computer experiments I investigate the possibility of retrieving various missing Fourier components algorithmically. The main finding of this second set of computer experiments is that the simple retrieval algorithm (a limited form of ‘projection onto convex sets’) used falls very much short of what one might expect from the ‘decision experiments’.I conclude with a discussion what this discrepancy might be due to and some suggestions how to improve the performance of retrieval algorithms for binary objects.