介孔组装体Alq3-MCM-41的光学性质

将有机发光小分子8-羟基喹啉铝(Alq₃)组装进介孔MCM-41中,采用XRD、IR、荧光光谱等测试方法对组装体Alq₃-MCM-41进行表征。XRD表明,Alq₃-MCM-41保持了有序的介孔骨架结构;IR谱图中,在波数1542 cm^-1处出现的特征吸收谱带表明组装体中Alq₃在孔道中与羟基成键;荧光光谱表明,组装体中MCM-41与Alq₃分子间发生了能量转移,从而使Alq₃-MCM-41具有优异的发光性能;荧光强度随组装量的增多而显著增强,这主要是由于在Alq₃-MCM-41中,MCM-41有序孔道的微环境使Alq₃分子分散性提高,减弱了Alq₃分子间的聚集或缔合现象,从而有效地提高了其发光强度。     

无机基质MCM-41掺杂Yb~(3+)对组装体中客体Tb(aspirin)_3 phen发光性能的影响

在室温下,以掺Yb3+的MCM-41作为主体,"热处理"后的Tb(aspirin)3phen作为发光客体,将其进行组装,通过XRD和N2-吸附脱附和IR对组装体的结构和物理性质进行了研究.利用激发和发射光谱分析了组装体的光致发光性能和主客体关系.采用了一种新型的掺杂方法"直接焙烧法",用以避免在试样合成中掺杂离子的损失.在Yb/MCM-41和Tb(aspirin)3phen-Yb/MCM-41的XRD谱图中同时在20=2.6时出现了(100)晶面衍射峰,表明试样为规则有序,六方结构的MCM-41材料.Tb(aspirin)3phen进入Yb/MCM-41孔道后,无机骨架的有序性进一步增加.相对于MCM-41,Yb/MCM-41在IR谱图中波数963cm-1的谱带减弱,表明Yb3+已经进入无机骨架.另外,波数1 384 cm-1的吸收谱带也能提供组装体Tb(as-pirin)3phen-MCM-41中成键的特征信息.PL测试结果表明,Tb(aspirin)3phen在240～375 nm区间的宽激发吸收分别归属于配体aspirin羰基n→π跃迁,苯环,π→π跃迁和phen的杂菲基团吸收.对客体Tb(aspirin)3phen进行热处理,能增强Tb(aspirin)3phen在MCM-41孔道中的发光效率,并且当基质MCM-41硅骨架掺杂Yb3+后,组装体的发光强度进一步增强,当Yb/Si=7.579×10-3时,发光强度最高.     

三元配合物Eu(BA)3PIP和 Eu(BA)3phen的制备与发光性质

合成了邻菲罗啉(phen)衍生物2-苯基-咪唑并 -1,10-菲罗啉(PIP),并以其为第二配体,苯甲酸(BA)为第一配体,制备出新型稀土铕三元有机配合物Eu(BA)₃PIP;在相同条件下,第一配体不变,1,10-菲罗啉为第二配体,还制备出Eu(BA)₃phen。采用元素分析、红外光谱、热重和差热分析等技术对合成的配体PIP及配合物Eu(BA)₃PIP和Eu(BA)₃phen进行了表征。通过发光光谱研究了配合物的发光性质,结果表明第二配体PIP有较大的共轭体系,在紫外光激发下,配合物中的配体可将吸收的能量传递给稀土Eu³⁺离子,表现出较强的Eu³⁺离子的特征发射。两种配合物相比,Eu(BA)₃PIP的发光强度明显大于Eu(BA)₃phen的发光强度,说明适宜的第二配体对配合物有很好的敏化发光作用。     

PEG400对Eu(BA)3/SiO2发光性能的影响

稀土有机配合物进行无机化能提高热稳定性,但无机化基质对稀土有机配合物的荧光性影响较大,采用PEG3400对复合体进行改性,有利于改善荧光性.文章采用溶胶-凝胶法合成Eu(BA)3/SiO2和Eu(BA)3/PEG400-SiO2复合发光材料.研究了PEG400掺入量对SiO2中Eu(BA)3发光性能的影响,PEG400作为路易斯硬酸和稀土离子配体增强了Eu(BA)3的发光性能.用红外光谱说明PEG400的掺人有利于减少发光材料中的结晶水和羟基数目.通过原子力显微镜分析了PEG400的掺入量对SiO2基质结构的影响.     

荧光光谱法研究左氧氟沙星与MCM-41的相互作用

采用微波辅助水热法制备介孔分子筛MCM-41,并用浸渍法将左氧氟沙星(LVFX)组装在MCM-41均一的六方形孔道中,制备出新型载药复合物LVFX/MCM-41。用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、低温氮吸附、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)及差热-热重(TGA-DTA)分析对MCM-41以及LVFX/ MCM-41复合物进行表征,合成的介孔分子筛MCM-41的孔径为2.382 nm,比表面积为1 015 m2·g-1。对MCM-41、LVFX/MCM-41、LVFX(固态)及LVFX(溶液)的荧光光谱研究结果显示,LVFX/MCM-41的荧光光谱比组装前发生明显红移,表明MCM-41孔道内表面的羟基和LVFX形成氢键,羟基上的电子云向LVFX分子上的吸电子基团转移;同时MCM-41和LVFX之间形成新环,使电子云能在更大的环上移动,药物分子的共轭体系扩大,荧光光谱峰红移。MCM-41与左氧氟沙星之间强的相互作用为研发以MCM-41为载体的新型释药系统提供了理论依据。     

罗丹明6G/MCM-41纳米复合物的发光蓝移

介孔分子筛MCM-41具有规则排列的纳米量级的孔道，可以作为宿主封装其他材料。利用这一性质，将激光染料罗丹明6G分子封装在介孔分子筛MCM-41中形成了纳米复合物。用透射电镜、小角度X射线衍射和荧光光谱等方法对纳米复合物的性质进行了分析。用波长为480nm的光对纳米复合物进行激发，得到的发光峰为531nm。与无限稀罗丹明6G乙醇溶液的发光峰相比，这一发光峰有15nm的蓝移和明显的宽化。我们认为当罗丹明6G分子封装在MCM-41的介孔中时，罗丹明6G分子与介孔分子筛孔道表面分子之间存在较强的相互作用(包括氢键、静电吸引等)，导致电子云被局域在具有较强吸引力的分子筛表面原子周围。引起激发态能量升高，发光峰蓝移。     

Schif f碱配合物荧光粉的合成及光谱性能研究

有机电致发光材料具有主动发光、视角广、对比度高等显著特点。稀土有机配合物电致发光材料目前备受广大研究者的关注。以水杨醛和苯甲酸衍生物为原料,经酯化、肼化及希夫碱缩合合成了水杨醛对甲氧基苯甲酰腙(1-H₂L)、水杨醛对甲基苯甲酰腙(2-H₂L)、水杨醛对溴基苯甲酰腙(3-H₂L) 3种配体,以Pr(NO₃)₃为原料,合成了水杨醛酰腙系列镨稀土配合物,经红外光谱、紫外光谱等分析手段对该类配合物的结构进行表征,配体在3 136～3 141 cm-1出现羟基ν(OH)伸缩振动峰,在配合物的红外光谱中消失,配合物在3 330～3 368 cm-1之间的吸收峰归属为结晶的H₂O的ν(O-H)羟基弯曲振动吸收峰,配合物在与配体对应的3 140 cm-1均不出现羟基吸收峰,三种配体及配合物的吸收波形相似,反映出配体及配合物的结构基本一致,但配体与配合物的吸收波峰相差较大,据此可推测配体已经配位。采用荧光分光光度计测定了该类配合物的荧光光谱,并讨论了配体取代基的变化对荧光强度的影响。配体分别在352,369,365和417 nm波长监测下,于517 nm处出现发射峰。其中3-H₂L的荧光强度最高。配合物均在470 nm的蓝光激发下,分别于608和617 nm出现镨的电偶极跃迁特征发射峰,归属于3P₀→3F₂跃迁。配合物均可被470 nm蓝光激发,在608～617 nm处有较好的红光发射,该类荧光粉有望应用于OLED上进行应用。     

载体MCM-41对Tb（aspirin）3phen发光性能的影响

在室温下,乙二胺环境中合成了高度有序的介孔材料MCM-41,并将经热处理的发光客体Tb(aspi-rin)3phen组装进其孔道,通过激发发射光谱对其光致发光性能进行了研究。结果表明,Tb(aspirin)3phen240～375 nm区间的宽激发峰归属于配体aspirin羰基n→π*跃迁、苯环π→π*跃迁,和phen的杂菲基团吸收,Tb3 的特征发射是由于Antenna效应引起的。相对于纯Tb(aspirin)3phen,Tb(aspirin)3phen-MCM-41B和Tb(aspirin)3phen/MCM-41A的激发谱带出现了明显的分裂,而Tb(aspirin)3phen-MCM-41A只在353nm处剩下了相对较窄的单峰。Tb(aspirin)3phen-MCM-41B,Tb(aspirin)3phen/MCM-41A和Tb(aspirin)3phen-MCM-41A的短波段激发峰依次减弱消失,长波段激发峰逐渐增强,而405 nm发射峰强度IL和544 nm发射峰强度ILn的比值I(I=IL/ILn)依次减小。MCM-41骨架与Tb(aspirin)3phen成键后,不同程度降低了配体aspirin和phen单重态S1和三重态T1能级,且对phen的影响大于aspirin。不同的MCM-41表面晶格场对配体能级的影响顺序为:MCM-41B外表面>MCM-41A外表面>MCM-41A内表面。I值可定性表示MCM-41表面晶格场对配体能级影响程度和MCM-41表面Tb(aspirin)3phen的含量。     

提高稀土铕配合物发光性质研究

将稀土铕配合物—Eu(BA)3(TPPO)2分别组装到未修饰和修饰的介孔分子筛(SBA-15)中,详细地表征了样品的形貌和结构,系统地研究了其光致发光性质和稳定性,并与纯的稀土配合物进行比较研究。研究结果表明,SBA-15为组装的稀土配合物提供了良好的刚性环境,组装后的稀土铕离子配合物的光致发光稳定性比纯的配合物的光致发光稳定性有很大的提高。这将使稀土配合物在分子光学、电子器件等诸多领域具有重要的应用前景。     

2-噻吩乙醛酸-邻菲罗啉-铕配合物的合成、结构表征及荧光性能的研究

合成了铕与 2 噻吩乙醛酸 (HL)和邻菲罗啉 (phen)的配合物 ,用元素分析、电导率、红外光谱和核磁共振谱测定了配合物的分子式为 [EuL2 phen·(H2 O) 3 ]NO3 ;配合物中的Eu(Ⅲ )离子与 2 噻吩乙醛酸和水分子中的O原子以及邻菲罗啉中的N原子配位。在室温下测定了配合物的激发和发射光谱 ,配合物中Eu(Ⅲ )离子的5D0 7F1和5D0 7F2 跃迁分别位于 5 92和 6 18nm。该固体配合物于室温下被紫外光激发可以发出强的特征红色荧光。IR光谱中 ,2 噻吩乙醛酸的特征吸收峰νCO (1719cm-1) ,νC—O(12 32cm-1) ,δO—H(90 9cm-1)在形成配合物后消失。在配合物中出现—COO-的反对称νas(16 4 2cm-1)和对称νs(14 0 8cm-1)伸缩振动吸收峰。在1HNMR谱图中 ,2 噻吩乙醛酸环上的 3个氢原子的化学位移形成配合物后移向高场 ,邻菲罗啉环上 4种不同环境的质子峰的化学位移形成配合物后向低场移动。从TG曲线可以看出 ,此配合物在常温至 2 5 0℃以下是稳定的。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.     

Real-time restoration of rotational blurred image using gradient-loading

The key to the restoration of rotational motion blurred image is how to restore the image under a low cost and to correct the irreversibility of the degradation function matrix.Based on the special qualities of degradation function matrix and precise deduction in space-domain, we present a new approach using gradient-loading for restoration of rotational blurred image.By easily adding a gradient operator, the irreversibility of the original matrix is corrected and can be applied for inverse filtering then.Gradientloading is the optimized approach which combines the advantages of both the approaches using constrained least square filtering and traditional diagonal-loading.Compared with the approach using least square filtering, its peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is improved from 3.18 to 6.46dB, while the computing time is reduced to 1/2-1/3.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, noise-resistibility, robustness, and low complexity of this approach, which make it more suitable for real-time environment.     

All-Optical Logic Device Using Bent Nonlinear Tapered Y-Junction Waveguide Structure

We propose an all-optical logic device made of a bent tapered Y-junction waveguide with a Kerr-type nonlinear interface. It could provide an AND gate, OR gate, and exclusive-OR (XOR) gate. We could obtain different transmission results by adjusting the bending angle. The numerical simulation results show that the device functions as AND, OR, and XOR gates.     

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz imaging by a pyroelectric camera

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz (THz) imaging is demonstrated. A 1.89-THz optically-pumped farinfrared laser is used as the illumination source, and a 124 × 124 element room-temperature pyroelectric camera is adopted as the detector. With this setup, THz images through various wrapping materials are shown. The results show that this imaging system has the potential applications in real-time mail and security inspection.