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1.
A geometrical model for an electrochemical etching (ECE) track in a dielectric detector is defined and a primaxy programme is written to generate the track. The generated track is transformed to an M× N matrix of primary voltages. Using a numerical method, the matrix of final voltages is computed, and using another numerical approach, the electric field strengths in the elements of detector volume are computed. The final field strength at the end of particle trajectory is obtained. The results of our numerical computation show that there are exact correlations between the field strength at the end of particle trajectory and the parameters of track under ECE. It is found that although two traditional models of Mason and Smythe in dielectrics can be partly applied for short and long tracks, none of them are able to explain the behaviour of field strength in a ‘general case'. Furthermore, we find that there is an expressive relationship between the field strength and the incidence angle of impacted particle, while the mentioned traditional models are not able to explain this effect.  相似文献   

2.
The particle motions of dispersion and transport in air channel flow are investigated using a large eddy simulation(LES) and Lagrangian trajectory method. The mean and fluctuating velocities of the fluids and particles are obtained,and the results are in good agreement with the data in the literature. Particle clustering is observed in the near-wall and low-speed regions. To reveal the evolution process and mechanism of particle dispersion and transport in the turbulent boundary layer, a multi-group Lagrangian tracking is applied when the two-phase flow has become fully developed: the fluid fields are classified into four sub-regions based on the flow characteristics, and particles in the turbulent region are divided accordingly into four groups when the gas–particle flow is fully developed. The spatiotemporal transport of the four groups of particles is then tracked and analyzed. The detailed relationship between particle dispersion and turbulent motion is investigated and discussed.  相似文献   

3.
I study the response of a particle detector coupled to quantized massless complex scalar field in four dimensional Minkowski spacetime through nonlinear Lagrangian. I find that as in the real scalar field: the particle detector will not respond when it is in inertial motion; If accelerated in its own frame reference, it does respond and feel the same temperature. But different from the real scalar field case, the detector's transition amplitude is concerned with particle-antiparticle creation, and the response of the detector is (1/α^2 + ε^2)/24π^2 times of that in real scalar field, with 1/α the accelerator of the detector and e the energy gap between the detector's two energy level. It is due to the nonlinear property of the coupling Lagrangian. Whether the total charge of the system constructed by the particle detector and vacuum is conserved is also considered and analyzed.  相似文献   

4.
梁琳  余岳辉  彭亚斌 《中国物理 B》2008,17(7):2627-2632
The power dissipation characteristics of pulsed power switch reversely switched dynistors (RSDs) are investigated in this paper. According to the expressions of voltage on RSD, derived from the plasma bipolar drift model and the RLC circuit equations of RSD main loop, the simulation waveforms of current and voltage on RSD are acquired through iterative calculation by using the fourth order Runge-Kutta method, then the curve of transient power on RSD versus time is obtained. The result shows that the total dissipation on RSD is trivial compared with the pulse discharge energy and the commutation dissipation can be nearly ignored compared with the quasi-static dissipation. These characteristics can make the repetitive frequency of RSD increase largely. The experimental results prove the validity of simulation calculations. The influence factors on power dissipation are discussed. The power dissipation increases with the increase of the peak current and the n-base width and with the decrease of n-base doping concentration. In order to keep a low power dissipation, it is suggested that the n-base width should be smaller than 320μm when doping concentration is 1.0×10^14cm^-3 while the doping concentration should be higher than 5.8×10^13cm^-3 when n-base width is 270μm.  相似文献   

5.
The mixing of scalar mesons is an open problem since their structure is unclear and controversial. By introducing the ideal mixing of scalar mesons, we dynamically investigate the hyperon-nucleon interaction in the ehiral SU ( 3 ) quark model by solving the resonating group method (RGM) equation. The results show that when the ideal mixing of scalar mesons is considered and the mass of a k meson is reduced to near 780 MeV, then the hyperonnucleon scattering data can be reasonably described in the ehiral SU(3) quark model. Hence we find that the experimental mass of the n meson is around 780 MeV, and fo(600) and fo(980) mesons are the ideal mixing of scalar singlet and octet mesons.  相似文献   

6.
Whether the mixing of scalar meson exists or not is an interesting question. We consider the mixing of scalar meson and further study the nucleon-nucleon interaction in the chiral SU(3) quark model by solving the resonating group method equation. The results are analyzed and compared with no mixing, ideal mixing and general mixing. It seems that the nucleon-nucleon interaction and binding energy of deuteron can be reasonably described with the different mixing of scalar meson.  相似文献   

7.
We perform level statistics of the Nilsson single-particle levels. The effects of the l2 and l ・ s; s terms are discussed as well as their interplay with the deformations. The results show that when the l2 term is added to the harmonic oscillator potential, chaotic motion occurs. The strength ranges of the l2 term in which chaotic motion exists are related to the deformation of the harmonic oscillator potential. The calculations of the localization length in different bases demonstrate that it is the spherical or axial symmetries that govern the chaotic motion. The degree of chaoticity increases significantly with the l ・ s; s term included.  相似文献   

8.
<正>The relations between scattering angle(SA) and the degree of polarization(DOP) of skylights are studied. Measurements under different sky conditions demonstrate that all relation curves between SA and DOP can be described as parabolas.DOP reaches its peak when SA is 90°and the sizes of scattering particles are much smaller than the wavelengths of skylight.The peak value of DOP moves by a small drift when the size of the particle increases.We propose and analyze a polarization dependence model for SA and DOP.Results from simulation are in good agreement with experimental results.  相似文献   

9.
In the present study, we are interested in finding the spin precession of a Dirac particle in expanding and rotating NUT spaeetime. A tetrad with two functions to be determined is applied to the field equation of the teleparallel theory of gravity via a coordinate transformation. The vector, the axial-vector and the tensor parts of the torsion tensor are obtained. We found that the vector parts are in the radial and Ф-directions. The axial-vector torsion is along r-direction while its other components along θ and oh-directions vanish everywhere. The vector connected with Dirac spin has been evaluated as well.  相似文献   

10.
The effects of anisotropy and magnetic field on multipartite entanglement of ground state in Heisenberg XY model are investigated. The multipartite entanglement increases as a function of the inverse strength of the external field when the degree of anisotropy is finite. There are two peaks when the degree of anisotropy is γ=±1. When the degree of anisotropy increases further, the multipartite entanglement will decrease and tend to a constant. The threshold of the inverse strength of the external field for generating multipartite entanglement generally decreases with the increasing of qubits.  相似文献   

11.
本文采用直接数值模拟方法,对惯性颗粒所见均匀各向同性湍流中具有平均标量梯度的被动标量场统计特性进行了研究。模拟结果表明:与颗粒所见流体速度的自相关特性不同,颗粒所见标量的自相关特性随颗粒惯性的增加而单调减少;颗粒所见标量脉动能随颗粒惯性的增加先减少再增大,在St≈1.0的临界颗粒附近达到最小值,而颗粒所见标量耗散率随颗粒惯性的变化行为与颗粒所见标量脉动能的变化行为相反;数值模拟的结果进一步揭示,在St≈1.0时颗粒所见流体标量脉动能和耗散率的极值是因为St≈1.0的临界颗粒聚集于低涡量、高应变区域和标量场在高应变区域形成强耗散的片状结构所致。  相似文献   

12.
本文采用DNS方法,对惯性颗粒所见各向同性湍流中具有平均标量梯度的被动标量场统计特性进行了研究。结果表明:惯性对颗粒温度脉动强度,两相温度关联,自相关特性以及颗粒热流与两相交叉热流的统计特性具有明显的影响。在PDF方法的框架下,系统地推导了非等温气固两相流的PDF方程,且基于朗之万随机体系对方程进行了封闭,并利用前面的...  相似文献   

13.
The training effect and the hysteresis behaviour of the angular dependence of exchange bias are extensively investigated upon the variation of the IrMn layer thickness tXrMn in a series of Co/IrMn bilayers. When tIrMn is very small, both of them are negligible. Then they increase very sharply with increasing tUMn and then reach maxima at almost the same value OftXrMn. Finally they both decrease when tIrMn is further increased. The similar variation trends suggest that these phenomena arise from irreversible change of antiferromagnet spin orientations, according to the thermal activation model.  相似文献   

14.
本文采用直接数值模拟的方法从颗粒所见的流场拓扑结构这一角度探讨了颗粒在不同拓扑结构下速度统计特性.结果表明,不同惯性的颗粒所见流体的速度特性类似,在Top1和Top2结构中,随时间演化而减少,而在Top3和Top4结构中随时间有波浪性的增长;由于颗粒惯性的差异引起的轨道交叉效应不同,颗粒与颗粒所见流体速度的关联随颗粒增大而衰减加剧,在颗粒与流体相之间的能量传递中,不同拓扑结构明显不同,从颗粒加入时能量由颗粒相向流体传递,各拓扑结构的相对强度为Top2>Top4>Top1>Top3,演化到后期能量由流体相向颗粒相传递,相对强度为Top1>Top2>Top3>Top4;st=1.0和st=10.0的颗粒差别在于演化后期Top2和Top3相对强度的转变.  相似文献   

15.
The solvability of the Lichnerowicz-York equation is discussed on each sliceS t=IR3 of a spacelike, asymptotically Euclidean maximal foliation {S τ}. Following Cantor, the problem is reduced to a discussion of the properties of a smooth, time-dependent, family of conformal transformations,ø t, relating the physical metrich tofS t to a metric ? t =ø 4ht, with vanishing scalar curvature. An estimate is provided for infø t. This allows us to examine the properties of the scale geometry on eachS twhen strong field regions are probed. It is shown that in such regions ? t tends to become degenerate exponentially as a suitable average of the scalar curvature of (S t, h t ) increases. This is interpreted as representing the approach to a singular regime for (S t, h t ). An estimate is also provided for the lapse function-N t defining {S t}. This is found to be in agreement with a similar estimate suggested, on heuristic grounds, by Smarr and York. This latter result indicates that asymptotically flat maximal slicings in general (but not always) avoid reaching regions where the above singular regime is approached.  相似文献   

16.
埃洛石的Birch-Murnaghan状态方程和高压物性   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
 用欧拉有限应变理论分析了埃洛石的冲击Hugoniot实验数据,得到了其低压相和高压相的等熵体积模量K0S及其对压力的一阶导数K′0S。对低压相,在γ=0.43(ρ0/ρ)时,K0S=32.16 GPa,K′0S=7.17;对高压相,在γ=1.0(ρ0/ρ)1.5、且相变能各取579.1 J/g(常压下的值)和1 000 J/g时,K0S、K′0S分别为103.28 GPa 、4.97和95.85 GPa、5.35。根据高压下物性参数的跃变,讨论并分析了其各个相区物质组成的差异。  相似文献   

17.
A deterministic equation of the Hamilton-Jacobi type is proposed for a single particle:S t+(1/2m)(?S)2+U{S}=0, whereU{S} is a certain operator onS, which has the sense of the potential of the self-generated field of a free particle. Examples are given of potentials that imply instability of uniform rectilinear motion of a free particle and yieldrandom fluctuations of its trajectory. Galilei-invariant turbulence-producing potentials can be constructed using a single universal parameter—Planck's constant. Despite the fact that the classical trajectory concept is retained, the mechanics of the particle then admits quantum-type effects: an uncertainty relation, de Broglie-type waves and their interference, discrete energy levels, and zero-point fluctuations.  相似文献   

18.
无氧铜等熵卸载路径的实验研究   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
 采用化爆加载,以黄铜为飞片、无氧铜为靶板,测量了以抗氢钢(HR2)、重玻璃(SiO2)、铝合金(LY12/LF6)、镁铝合金(MB2)、有机玻璃(PMMA)和空气(Air)为垫块(Anvil)材料中的冲击波速度(上述材料的Hugoniot状态参数C0、λ均为已知),由此确定了无氧铜的等熵卸载路径。结果表明:在冲击态(即初始卸载态)高达219 GPa的压力范围内,无氧铜的等熵卸载过程可用Grüneisen状态方程在ργ=ρ0γ0近似下作很好的描述;各条卸载路径到一个大气压的终态粒子速度US与镜像反演的粒子速度2u的偏差(US-2u)/(2u),随冲击波压力的增加而增大。  相似文献   

19.
Based on planar high-speed Rayleigh scattering measurements of the mixture fraction Z of propane discharging from a turbulent round jet into co-flowing carbon dioxide at nozzle-based Reynolds numbers Re 0 = 3000–8600, we use scalar gradient trajectories to investigate the local structure of the turbulent scalar field with a focus on the scalar turbulent/non-turbulent interface. The latter is located between the fully turbulent part of the jet and the outer flow. Using scalar gradient trajectories, we partition the turbulent scalar field into these three regions according to an approach developed by Mellado et al. (J.P. Mellado, L. Wang, and N. Peters, Gradient trajectory analysis of a scalar field with external intermittency, J. Fluid Mech. 626 (2009), pp. 333–365.). Based on these different regions, we investigate in a next step zonal statistics of the scalar probability density function (pdf) P(Z) as well as the scalar difference along the trajectory ΔZ and its mean scalar value Zm , where the latter two quantities are used to parameterize the scalar profile along gradient trajectories. We show that the scalar pdf P(Z) can be reconstructed from zonal gradient trajectory statistics of the joint pdf P(Zm , ΔZ). Furthermore, on the one hand we relate our results for the scalar turbulent/non-turbulent interface to the findings made in other experimental and numerical studies of the turbulent/non-turbulent interface, and on the other hand discuss them in the context of the flamelet approach and the modelling of pdfs in turbulent non-premixed combustion. Finally, we compare the zonal statistics for P(Z) with the composite model of Effelsberg and Peters (E. Effelsberg and N. Peters, A composite model for the conserved scalar pdf, Combust. Flame 50 (1983), pp. 351–360) and observe a very good qualitative and quantitative agreement.  相似文献   

20.
KNN Based Lead-Free Piezoceramics with Improved Thermal Stability   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics (1 - x) (Na0.53K0.404 Li0.066)Nb0.92 Sb0.08 03 +xZrTiO3 are fabricated by conventional solid-state sintering method, and their dielectric and piezoelectric characteristics are investigated. With the addition of SrTiO3, the growth of the grain size is restrained, meanwhile the phase transition temperature of orthorhombic-tetragonal is shifted below room temperature. It is found that the ceramics with x = 0.010 exhibit excellent piezoelectric properties (d33 = 220 pC/N, kp = 41%, kt = 39%) and improved thermal stability around room temperature. The results indicate that these materials are promising lead-free piezoceramics for practical operations.  相似文献   

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