铒离子在氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷中的上转换发光特性研究

用转移函数方法分析了Er^3 在铒镱共掺杂的氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷中的上转换发光过程,Er^3 绿色辐射的上转换发光强度与泵浦激光功率的非平方关系是由于Er^3 和Yb^3 之间的强交叉驰豫过程引起的,讨论了在稀土离子共掺杂的氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷中提高Er^3 的上转换发光强度的几种方法。     

Study of energy deposition and stripper temperature for CYCIAE-100

Nowadays high intensity proton accelerators are extensively applied, and this paper gives particular emphasis on CYCIAE-100, a 100 MeV high intensity compact cyclotron being constructed at CIAE. For accelerators of this type, the study is focused on how to improve the beam intensity. As for CYCIAE-100, the charge-exchange extraction is used to get protons. So it is crucial to enhance the lifetime of the stripping foil, which is largely determined by the energy deposition on it. For this cyclotron, due to the influence of the magnetic field, the electrons will spin near the foil and lose energy each time when they cross the foil. The energy deposition refers to all the energy deposition of protons and electrons. This paper stresses the stripper study of CYCIAE-100, in which the particle distribution on the foil is simulated and the energy deposition of the protons and electrons stripped from the H- ions are calculated. The temperature distributions are then calculated as a main reference for the foil design.     

Efficiency of sum frequency generation by regular domain structures

We theoretically examine generation of sum-frequency radiation in a regular domain structure, taking into account phase changes for all the interacting waves in a dissipative medium. We show that in contrast to the constant-field approximation, in the constant-intensity approximation there is an optimal value for the longitudinal dimension (length) of the domains at which maximum conversion of the signal wave energy to the sum-frequency wave energy occurs. As the pump intensity increases, the optimal domain length decreases. As the losses of the interacting waves increase, both the conversion efficiency and the optimal domain dimensions decrease.     

Sb/As intermixing in self-assembled GaSb/GaAs type II quantum dot systems and control of their photoluminescence spectra

The intermixing of Sb and As atoms induced by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) was investigated for type II GaSb/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots (QD) formed by molecular beam epitaxy growth. Just as in InAs/GaAs QD systems, the intermixing induces a remarkable blueshift of the photoluminescence (PL) peak of QDs and reduces the inhomogeneous broadening of PL peaks for both QD ensemble and wetting layer (WL) as consequences of the weakening of quantum confinement. Contrary to InAs/GaAs QDs systems, however, the intermixing has led to a pronounced exponential increase in PL intensity for GaSb QDs with annealing temperature up to 875 °C. By analyzing the temperature dependence of PL for QDs annealed at 700, 750 and 800 °C, activation energies of PL quenching from QDs at high temperatures are 176.4, 146 and 73.9 meV. The decrease of QD activation energy with annealing temperatures indicates the reduction of hole localization energy in type II QDs due to the Sb/As intermixing. The activation energy for the WL PL was found to drastically decrease when annealed at 800 °C where the QD PL intensity surpassed WL.     

Computer modeling of morphological evolution and RHEED intensity oscillations of thin-film growth by laser molecular beam epitaxy

The morphological evolution of the unit cell by unit cell layer growth of thin films by laser molecular beam epitaxy (laser MBE) is simulated by the Monte Carlo (MC) method. As a more realistic simulation, the effect of the surface terrace on reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) intensity oscillations is considered in our model. The calculation shows that the surface terrace effect has an obvious influence on the intensity oscillation shapes. Moreover, we consider the growth units impinging on the surface batch by batch rather than one by one. It is found that the surface morphologies are different, with different numbers of units impinging by a laser pulse on the surface. Furthermore, the surface roughness increases with a decrease in substrate temperature and with an increase in the unit impinging rate (which is determined by the energy of each laser pulse). The validity of the growth model is demonstrated by comparing our MC-simulated RHEED intensity oscillations with those observed in laser MBE experiments.     

n-Si(As):Yb1130nm四能级发光研究

在n-Si(As):Yb中首次观察到1130nm的尖锐发光.通过掺入Yb的剂量与发光强度的关系以及红外吸收、透射光谱的测量,讨论了敏化剂Yb与激活剂As之间能量传递过程.适当选取Yb与As的浓度比可提高发光效率.     

Growth mechanism and optical properties of InGaAs/GaAsSb Su-perlattice structures

In this paper,we report the growth of Ga As Sb and its crystalline property under various Sb2/As2 flux ratios and growth temperatures.We simulated the incorporation difference between Sb2 and As2 by using a non-equilibrium thermodynamic model.Our study of Ga As Sb growth has successfully yielded,high quality In Ga As/Ga As Sb Type II superlattice for which the optical properties were characterized by photoluminescence at different excitation power and temperature.A blue-shift in luminescence peak energy with excitation power was observed and was described by a non-equilibrium carrier density model.We measured and analyzed the dependences of peak energy and integrated intensity on temperature.Two thermal processes were observed from intensity dependent photoluminescence measurements.     

Laser‐Triggered Proton Acceleration From Micro‐Structured thin Targets

By using relativistic massively parallel PIC code MANDOR, which features arbitrary target design including 3D micro‐structuring, a study of ion acceleration in short laser pulse interaction with different thin targets has been performed. Based on 3D simulation results it has been shown that micro‐structures on the front surface of thin plane targets increase a number and energy of hot electrons in comparison with that for the case of pure plain foils of optimal thickness. As a result, the energy of accelerated ions also increases up to 50%. However, the efficiency of ion acceleration from structured target reduces with laser pulse intensity increase, so that for laser pulses of ultra‐relativistic intensity a positive role of surface micro‐structuring diminishes. We have also studied to which extent a sub‐ps imperfection of the laser pulse shape, which smoothes the surface micro‐structures suppresses high‐energy ion generation. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

强外场调控下半导体中浅杂质态的光学吸收特性

理论研究了法拉第位形下强太赫兹激光场、磁场以及压强作用下半导体中浅杂质态非线性光学性质.利用含时非微扰理论——强太赫兹激光场效应被精确包含在激光缀饰库仑势中——和变分法计算出浅杂质态电子能级和波函数,然后基于紧致密度矩阵方法研究强外场和压强对浅杂质态1s→2p_z跃迁的线性、三阶非线性及总的光学吸收系数和折射率变化的影响.研究发现压强和强外场通过激光缀饰库仑势可调控跃迁能和几何因子的增大或减小,所以饱和吸收不但依赖于入射光强和弛豫时间而且还依赖于强外场,在强激光场强度和回旋共振区域附近饱和吸收更容易实现.线性、三阶非线性及总的光学吸收系数和折射率变化的共振峰位置和振幅,在选取合适的外场参数下不但受到强外场的有效调控,而且还受到压强的强烈影响.研究结果为设计强外场调控的新型高效基于杂质电子器件提供了理论支持.     

Study of energy deposition and stripper temperature for CYCIAE-100

Nowadays high intensity proton accelerators are extensively applied, and this paper gives particular emphasis on CYCIAE-100, a 100~MeV high intensity compact cyclotron being constructed at CIAE. For accelerators of this type, the study is focused on how to improve the beam intensity. As for CYCIAE-100, the charge-exchange extraction is used to get protons. So it is crucial to enhance the lifetime of the stripping foil, which is largely determined by the energy deposition on it. For this cyclotron, due to the influence of the magnetic field, the electrons will spin near the foil and lose energy each time when they cross the foil. The energy deposition refers to all the energy deposition of protons and electrons. This paper stresses the stripper study of CYCIAE-100, in which the particle distribution on the foil is simulated and the energy deposition of the protons and electrons stripped from the H^－ ions are calculated. The temperature distributions are then calculated as a main reference for the foil design.     

Multi-resolution error analysis of predicted absorption coefficients. Method and application to the infrared spectrum of methane at high temperature

A general method for the estimation of the confidence interval of molecular absorption coefficients is presented. Statistical numerical experiments are implemented to quantify the propagation of errors from line parameters to absorption coefficients as a function of the resolution. The method uses line parameter predictions (position and intensity) with estimated uncertainties derived from global polyad models. This work is especially intended to provide expert information for applications requiring theoretical predictions for which the present state of the art of line by line high-resolution modeling is not accurate enough to meet the desired precision. As an illustration, it is applied to predict the absorption coefficient of methane at high temperature involving simultaneously well known lower energy levels (cold bands) and higher energy levels with much lower precisions (hot bands). Potential extensions are discussed in the context of atmospheric remote sensing of astrophysical objects.     

Hot electron temperature and coupling efficiency scaling with prepulse for cone-guided fast ignition

The effect of increasing prepulse energy levels on the energy spectrum and coupling into forward-going electrons is evaluated in a cone-guided fast-ignition relevant geometry using cone-wire targets irradiated with a high intensity (10(20) W/cm(2)) laser pulse. Hot electron temperature and flux are inferred from Kα images and yields using hybrid particle-in-cell simulations. A two-temperature distribution of hot electrons was required to fit the full profile, with the ratio of energy in a higher energy (MeV) component increasing with a larger prepulse. As prepulse energies were increased from 8 mJ to 1 J, overall coupling from laser to all hot electrons entering the wire was found to fall from 8.4% to 2.5% while coupling into only the 1-3 MeV electrons dropped from 0.57% to 0.03%.     

$Ab~initio$ and experimental study of the K-shell spectra of s-triazine

The carbon and nitrogen K-shell spectra of gaseous s-triazine have been studied using inner-shell electron energy loss spectroscopy (ISEELS) method. Ab initio Configuration Interaction calculations have been carried out in order to assign the observed bands. As in many similar molecules, both spectra are dominated by an intense π^* peak, followed by lower intensity features. At the C1s edge, the calculations show that some previous assignments made using an underestimated core ionisation energy of about 2.5 eV have to be revisited. At the nitrogen edge, the calculations predict a high intensity π^* doubly excited state lying below the ionisation threshold, which could be responsible for one the most intense observable bands at 405.32 eV.     

带空间电荷效应的横向发射度测量

CADS注入器Ⅰ试验装置由中国科学院高能物理研究所承建。其10 mA的束流由RFQ结构加速到3.2 MeV,经中能传输段匹配到超导加速结构。为了减小失匹配造成的束流损失,需要测量RFQ出口束流参数,以便调整中能传输段Lattice结构,使束流能匹配进入超导腔。CADS注入器Ⅰ采用丝靶扫四极铁参数的方式测量束流截面并计算RFQ出口Twiss参数。强流加速器在低能段空间电荷力很强,常规的基于矩阵的数据处理方法会带来误差。本文分别用常规的未考虑空间电荷效应的矩阵方法和考虑了空间电荷效应的遗传算法对数据进行处理,得到的结果显示低能强流加速器进行Twiss参数测量时,必须考虑空间电荷效应的影响。     

Adaptive segmentation of magnetic resonance images with intensity inhomogeneity using level set method

It is a big challenge to segment magnetic resonance (MR) images with intensity inhomogeneity. The widely used segmentation algorithms are region based, which mostly rely on the intensity homogeneity, and could bring inaccurate results. In this paper, we propose a novel region-based active contour model in a variational level set formulation. Based on the fact that intensities in a relatively small local region are separable, a local intensity clustering criterion function is defined. Then, the local function is integrated around the neighborhood center to formulate a global intensity criterion function, which defines the energy term to drive the evolution of the active contour locally. Simultaneously, an intensity fitting term that drives the motion of the active contour globally is added to the energy. In order to segment the image fast and accurately, we utilize a coefficient to make the segmentation adaptive. Finally, the energy is incorporated into a level set formulation with a level set regularization term, and the energy minimization is conducted by a level set evolution process. Experiments on synthetic and real MR images show the effectiveness of our method.     

超高斯涡旋光束在空间中的传输特性

研究了超高斯涡旋光束光强最大值、光斑半径以及环围能量半径等参数随传输距离和拓扑荷数的变化规律,并与高斯涡旋光束做了比较,结果表明:超高斯涡旋光束的光斑半径和环围能量半径随拓扑荷数及传输距离呈近似线性关系;对同一拓扑荷数和传输距离,高斯涡旋光束的能量较超高斯涡旋光束要发散;当拓扑荷数较大时,超高斯涡旋光束的光斑半径比高斯涡旋光束更大。针对光束质量研究了广义光束质量因子随传输距离和拓扑荷数的变化,结果表明传输距离足够远时,拓扑荷数较小的超高斯涡旋光束具有更好的光束质量。     

光学击穿对受激布里渊散射特性的影响

把雪崩电离模型引入受激布里渊散射模型中，数值模拟了无光学击穿和有光学击穿时受激布里渊散射能量反射率随输入光功率密度的变化规律.实验上选取净化和未净化的CCl₄作为散射介质，在Nd:YAG调Q激光系统中进行了验证，理论与实验符合得很好.结果表明：当无光学击穿时，随着输入光功率密度的增大，能量反射率先是非线性增大，然后缓慢增大趋于饱和；而当有光学击穿时，随着输入光功率密度的增大，能量反射率先是非线性增大，达到最高值之后开始下降，最终趋于零.无光学击穿时的能量反射率及其稳定度明显高于有光学击穿时的情况. 关键词： 受激布里渊散射 光学击穿 雪崩电离     

Magnetic properties of epitaxial-grown exchange-coupled FePt/FeRh bilayer films

The propagation of a laser beam through a micro-lens array (MLA) was simulated using Finite Time Difference Domain (FDTD) method. The intensity distribution at different output planes away from the micro-lens array surface was investigated. As compared to the focal plane, the intensity distribution observed at those out-of-focus planes varies, which is attributed to the interference and diffraction of output laser beams. The simulated results were counter checked by placing a physical MLA under an illumination of a 488 nm continuous wave Argon Ion laser and images were captured for different output planes. Both simulation and experimental results show a great similarity in terms of the distribution patterns. By changing the lens sag height with respect to the lens diameter, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the focused laser spot and its corresponding maximum energy flux were analyzed. A FWHM of 160 nm can be achieved by proper selection of lens sag height. It is also found that the energy flux is proportional to numerical aperture (NA).     

Reconstructed domains on a stepped W(100) surface

A model calculation is carried out for the scattering of low energy electron diffraction from reconstructed (√2 × √2)R45° domains on a stepped W(100) surface. The existence of monotonically increasing steps causes the integral order beams to split and the separation of the splitting oscillates with the incident electron energy. We show that due to the existence of an antiphase relationship among the randomly nucleated reconstructed domains, the half-order beams neither split nor oscillate with the incident electron energy. This nonsplitting of half order beams is in agreement with the observation by Debe and King (DK). We also show that the measured intensity profile of a half order beam is equal to the signal intensity profile from the individual finite size domains convoluted with the instrument response function. This gives a simple way to evaluate the reconstructed domain size quantitatively. From the angular distribution of the half-order beam intensity we deduce that the reconstructed domains are somewhat round in shape, instead of the “long strips” proposed by DK. Also, the long range inhibition (20 Å) of the reconstruction near the step edge suggested by DK does not necessarily follow from our analysis. As a matter of fact, there is evidence showing that the inhibition (if it exists at all) can be short range in nature. Our suggestion is in agreement with the observation of the reconstructed W(100) surface by Melmed, Tung, Graham and Smith using FIM technique.     

Study of the order–disorder transition and martensitic transformation in a Cu–Al–Be alloy by EELS

Changes in 3d states occupancy associated with order–disorder transition and martensitic transformation in a Cu–Al–Be alloy was investigated by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in both high energy and low energy loss regions. From the high energy loss region, the Cu L_2,3 white-line intensities, which reflect the unoccupied density of states in 3d bands, was measured for three states of the alloy: disordered austenite, ordered austenite and martensite. It was found that the white-line intensity remains the same during order–disorder transition but appears slightly smaller in martensite, indicating that some electrons left Cu 3d bands or some hybridization took place during phase transformation. From the low energy loss region, the optical joint density of states (OJDS) was obtained by Kramers–Kronig analysis. As maxima observed in the OJDS spectra are assigned to interband transitions, these spectra can be used to probe changes in the electronic band structure. The analysis shows that during the martensitic transformation, the peaks positions and relative intensities in the OJDS spectra undergoes noticeable changes, which are associated with interband transitions.