Elastic moduli inheritance and the weakest link in bulk metallic glasses

We show that a variety of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) inherit their Young's modulus and shear modulus from the solvent components. This is attributed to preferential straining of locally solvent-rich configurations among tightly bonded atomic clusters, which constitute the weakest link in an amorphous structure. This aspect of inhomogeneous deformation, also revealed by our in situ neutron diffraction studies of an elastically deformed BMG, suggests a rubberlike viscoelastic behavior due to a hierarchy of atomic bonds in BMGs.     

冲击加载下Zr51Ti5Ni10Cu25Al9金属玻璃的塑性行为

进行了10—27 GPa应力范围内Zr₅₁Ti₅Ni₁₀Cu₂₅Al₉金属玻璃的平面冲击实验以研究其高压-高应变率加载下的塑性行为.由样品自由面粒子速度剖面的分析获得了冲击加载过程的轴向应力,并通过轴向应力与静水压线的比较获得剪应力.实验结果表明,尽管存在明显的松弛效应,但Zr基金属玻璃的Hugoniot弹性极限随着冲击应力的增加而增加.然而,塑性波阵面上的剪应力则显示先硬化而后软化现象,而且软化的幅度随冲击应力的增加而增加.冲击加载下Zr基金属玻璃的上述剪应力变化特征与分子动力学模拟结果比较一致,但与压剪实验结果和一维应力冲击实验结果明显不同.     

高导无氧铜的高压与高应变率本构模型研究

基于Y/G及G/B为常数的假设,构建了高导无氧铜的七种高压与高应变率本构模型.对于高导无氧铜进行了平面冲击波试验,采用纵向与横向锰铜应力计记录了试件中的纵向与横向应力,从而得到了屈服应力历史.用所构建的七种本构模型进行了数值模拟,并与高导无氧铜的平面冲击波试验结果进行比较.结果表明,平面冲击波载荷下高导无氧铜的屈服强度对于压力、密度、温度以及塑性应变的依赖性是本构描述的关键.而由Hopkinson试验取得的高导无氧铜高应变率本构模型,并不适合描述平面冲击波载荷下的本构特性. 关键词： 本构模型 高导无氧铜 平面冲击波试验 锰铜应力计     

冲击波作用下铝的等效剪切模量

提出了冲击波作用下通过测量沿着准弹性卸载过程纵波波速与体波波速得到等效剪切模量的方法,应用该方法对LY12铝在20—70 GPa冲击压力下的等效剪切模量进行了测量.实验结果表明,等效剪切模量随应力线性减少直至反向屈服时为零,而初始卸载时的等效剪切模量可以由修正的Steinberg-Cochran-Guinan模型进行描述.应用得到的等效剪切模量进行了初步数值模拟,计算结果与实验测量的粒子速度剖面符合很好,重现了准弹性卸载到塑性卸载的光滑过渡. 关键词： 等效剪切模量 波速 准弹性卸载 冲击波 铝     

Deformation behavior of Fe-based bulk metallic glass during nanoindentation

Fe-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) normally exhibit super high strength but significant brittleness at ambient temperature. Therefore, it is difficult to investigate the plastic deformation behavior and mechanism in these alloys through conventional tensile and compressive tests due to lack of distinct macroscopic plastic strain. In this work, the deformation behavior of Fe₅₂Cr₁₅Mo₉Er₃C₁₅B₆ BMG was investigated through instrumented nanoindentation and uniaxial compressive tests. The results show that serrated flow, the typical plastic deformation feature of BMGs, could not be found in as-cast and partially crystallized samples during nanoindentation. In addition, the deformation behavior and mechanical properties of the alloy are insensitive to the applied loading rate. The mechanism for the appearance of the peculiar deformation behavior in the Fe-based BMG is discussed in terms of the temporal and spatial characteristics of shear banding during nanoindentation. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos 50571109, 10572142 and 56771102) and the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)(Grant No 2007CB613900)     

冲击压缩下铝、铜、钨的剪切模量和屈服强度与压力和温度的相关性

对铝、铜和钨在冲击压缩状态下的剪切模量和屈服强度的实验数据进行了综合分析，并与St einberg-Cochran-Guinan(SCG)模型的计算结果进行了比较，结果表明，铝在50 GPa、铜在1 00 GPa、钨在200 GPa冲击压力以内，三种材料的剪切模量和屈服强度随温度和压力的变化 趋势基本相似，即SCG模型的假设Y′_pY₀=G′_pG ₀,Y′_TY₀=G′_TG₀对这三种材料在上述冲击压力范围内近似成立，利用该模型可以较好地描述材料在冲击压缩 下的本构行为. 关键词： 剪切模量 屈服强度 压力 温度     

Fracture mechanisms in bulk metallic glassy materials

We find that the failure of bulk metallic glassy (BMG) materials follows three modes, i.e., shear fracture with a fracture plane significantly deviating from 45 degrees to the loading direction, normal tensile fracture with a fracture plane perpendicular to the loading direction, or distensile fracture in a break or splitting mode with a fracture plane parallel to the loading direction. The actually occurring type of failure strongly depends on the applied loading mode and the microstructure of the material. Extensive evidence indicates that the Tresca fracture criterion is invalid, and for the first time, three fracture criteria are developed for isotropic materials with high strength, such as advanced BMGs or the newly developed bulk nanostructural materials.     

超高强块体非晶合金的研究进展

研制具有极限力学性能的金属材料一直是材料研究人员的梦想.超高强块体非晶合金是一类具有极高断裂强度(4 GPa)、高热稳定性(玻璃化转变温度通常高于800 K)和高硬度(通常高于12 GPa)的新型先进金属材料,其代表合金材料Co-Ta-B的断裂强度可达6 GPa,为目前公开报道的块体金属材料的强度记录值.本文系统地综述了该类超高强度块体非晶合金的组分、热学性能、弹性模量及力学性能,阐述了该类材料的研发历程;以弹性模量为联系桥梁,阐明了该类超高强块体非晶合金材料各物理性能的关联性,并揭示了其高强度、高硬度的价键本质.相关内容对于材料工作者了解该类超高强度金属材料的性能和特点,并推进该类材料在航空航天先进制造、超持久部件、机械加工等领域的实际应用有着重要意义.     

New class of plastic bulk metallic glass

An intrinsic plastic Cu(45)Zr(46)Al(7)Ti(2) bulk metallic glass (BMG) with high strength and superior compressive plastic strain of up to 32.5% was successfully fabricated by copper mold casting. The superior compressive plastic strain was attributed to a large amount of randomly distributed free volume induced by Ti minor alloying, which results in extensive shear band formation, branching, interaction and self-healing of minor cracks. The mechanism of plasticity presented here suggests that the creation of a large amount of free volume in BMGs by minor alloying or other methods might be a promising new way to enhance the plasticity of BMGs.     

冲击载荷下Al2O3抗弹陶瓷的力学性能实验研究

 通过静力学实验得到了Al₂O₃抗弹陶瓷的弹性模量和泊松比。通过一维平面撞击实验，在Al₂O₃抗弹陶瓷材料中进行了冲击波速度、飞片速度的测量和纵向应力、横向应力测量，得到了Al₂O₃抗弹陶瓷的冲击波D-u_p关系，以及抗弹陶瓷在3~11 GPa压力范围内相应的横向应力和纵向应力关系曲线，并根据这一曲线得到了抗弹陶瓷的纵向应力与剪切强度的关系。     

Perturbation evolution at a metal-metal interface subjected to an oblique shock wave: Supersonic velocity of the point of contact

The perturbation evolution at the interface between identical metals (metal plates) that is exposed to high-speed oblique shock waves is observed experimentally for the first time (the waves are attached to the point of contact, so that a cumulative jet cannot form). The experiments are numerically simulated by the two-dimensional Lagrange method. An elastoplastic model where the dynamic yield strength is a function of material state parameters is employed. An analytical technique to treat instability development under given loading conditions is suggested. High strains produce a high-temperature zone near the interface (thermal softening zone). A short-lived shear flow with a high velocity gradient depending on the angle and velocity of plate collision is observed. In this zone, the shear modulus and the yield strength are appreciably lower than under normal conditions, which favors instability development.     

Study on Steady Shear,Morphology and Mechanical Behavior of Nanocomposites based on Polyamide 6

Nanocomposites of two different grades of polyamide 6 (PA6) with organically modified nanoclay were prepared via melt compounding in a twin‐screw extruder. The rheological behavior, morphology and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were studied using a capillary rheometer, x‐ray diffraction (XRD), tapping‐mode atomic force microscopy (AFM), and tensile and flexural tests. XRD patterns indicate that the organically modified layered silicate was well dispersed in the PA6 matrix. From the AFM images the surface roughness of PA6 slightly increases with addition of organoclay. The rheological studies showed that the prepared nanocomposites have shear thinning behavior, obeying the power law equation. Addition of organoclay increases the shear stress and shear viscosity. At high rate of shear deformation the viscosity of nanocomposites are comparable to those of the pure polyamides. The activation energy of flow decreases with increasing nanoclay content. For most of the prepared nanocomposites the activation energy values increase with increasing shear rate. The tensile strength and flexural modulus and strength of the nanocomposites increase with increase of nanoclay content, but the extension at yield decreases with increasing clay loading.     

Monte Carlo simulation of dual magnetic phase behavior in bulk metallic glasses

Taking magnetic clusters as magnetic units, the Monte Carlo simulation method was employed to investigate the behavior of dual magnetic phase in bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). The hysteresis loops of a BMG system containing two kinds of magnetic clusters at different temperatures were simulated. The results showed that at high temperatures, only one kind of magnetic cluster is active, however, at low temperatures, both clusters responded to the applied field, which was evidenced by a step observed in the hysteresis loop of a BMG system. The simulated magnetic behavior of the two-cluster BMG system is consistent with the experimental findings of a Nd-based bulk metallic glass with dual magnetic phases.     

纳米陶瓷粉末在爆炸压实过程中的破碎行为研究

 在爆炸压实过程中，纳米颗粒所受冲击载荷发生显著变化的时间远远大于应力波传过颗粒特征长度所用时间；同时，陶瓷颗粒在爆炸冲击过程中主要表现为脆性。基于以上两个事实提出了弹性假设，推导了颗粒在压实过程中的受力状态。回顾了判断脆性材料破坏的三个准则，即Hugonoit弹性极限、动态屈服强度和理论剪切强度，并从这三种判据的交集值出发来判断爆炸压实过程中陶瓷颗粒是否有发生破碎的可能。通过具体计算得出颗粒内存在两个最大剪应力的位置：一个位置发生在距颗粒接触面0.5 nm范围以内，此处剪应力最大；另一个位置发生在距接触面较远处。这一结果为解释陶瓷粉末颗粒在爆炸压实过程中存在塑性行为和破碎行为提供了理论依据。     

孪晶对Be材料冲击加-卸载动力学影响的数值模拟研究

在高压、高应变率加载条件下,孪晶变形对材料的塑性变形具有重要的贡献,而目前孪晶对金属材料的动态屈服强度、冲击响应等的影响还没有被充分揭示.为此,本文考虑孪晶变形和晶粒碎化,针对铍(Be)材料在高应变率加载下的动态力学响应发展了含孪晶的热弹-黏塑性晶体塑性模型.经过和实验结果的对比,发现该模型可以更准确地预测Be材料在动态加载下,尤其是高压动态加载下的屈服强度.进一步,基于该塑性模型研究了Be材料在冲击加载下的准弹性卸载行为,结果表明剪切波速随着压力和剪应变的变化而发生变化是材料产生准弹性卸载现象的主要原因.此外,研究了冲击波卸载过程中Be材料孪晶的演化过程,发现Be材料卸载过程中也伴随着孪晶的产生.     

Theoretical strength and the onset of plasticity in bulk metallic glasses investigated by nanoindentation with a spherical indenter

The mechanical behavior of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) was investigated by nanoindentation with a spherical indenter. The transition from perfectly elastic behavior to plastic deformation was clearly observed as a pop-in event (sudden displacement excursion) on the load-displacement curves. Hertzian stress analysis was used to describe fully the load-displacement behavior during elastic deformation and to determine the theoretical shear strengths of the BMGs.     

Tribological characterisation of Zr-based bulk metallic glass in simulated physiological media

Due to their excellent wear resistant properties and high strength, as well as a low Young's modulus, Zr-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are potentially suitable biomaterials for low-friction arthroplasty. The wear characteristics of the Zr_60.14Cu_22.31Fe_4.85Al_9.7Ag₃ bulk amorphous alloy against ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) compared to a CoCrMo/UHMWPE combination were investigated in two different wear screening test devices, reciprocating and unidirectional. Hank's solution and sterile calf bovine serum were selected as the lubricant fluid media. It was found that different fluid media had insignificant effect on polyethylene wear against BMG counterfaces. The wear behaviour obtained on both test devices demonstrated that Zr-based BMG achieved UHMWPE counterface wear rates superior to conventional cast CoCrMo alloy, where the wear rate of UHMWPE is decreased by over 20 times. The tribological performance of these joints is superior to that of conventional metal-on-polymer designs. Contact angle measurements suggested that the advantage of BMG over a CoCrMo alloy counterface is attributed to its highly hydrophilic surfaces.     

动高压下拉格朗日声速的测定及其应用

 通过实时记录冲击加载—再加载和冲击加载—卸载波的粒子速度剖面,得到了再加载和卸载波在93W合金中传播的拉格朗日声速。通过拉格朗日声速从准弹性到纯塑性的转化,获得了材料在一次冲击终态时的剪应力、剪切模量以及考虑了剪应力修正后的93W合金的冲击绝热关系。