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1.
近年来,全球变暖带来的一系列问题,减少温室气体CO_2排放已成为全世界关注的焦点。化学链燃烧技术作为一项有前途的CO_2分离技术,已成为各国研究的热点。本文搭建了移动床反应器实验台,对以烧结矿为载氧体的合成气化学链燃烧反应过程进行了研究,获得了稳态工况下气体浓度随床高的变化趋势,并分析了反应温度、烧结矿颗粒粒径、气固流量比对反应的影响。结果表明:自移动床底部到顶部,还原气体浓度逐渐下降;随着温度的升高,合成气转化率有明显的提高;烧结矿载氧体颗粒粒径减小,合成气转化率增加;气固流量比的减小可提高合成气转化率。  相似文献   

2.
搭载于高分五号卫星平台的大气主要温室气体监测仪(GMI)主要用于测量大气温室气体CO_2和CH_4的柱浓度。为保证GMI遥感数据温室气体的反演精度,需分析温室气体反演中气溶胶等因素对反演结果的影响,并以此作为反演算法校正的要素。在此基础上,利用全球总碳柱观测网(TCCON)站点对GMI反演结果进行验证。结果表明,GMI近红外反演结果误差范围为-1.06±2.93×10~(-6)(-0.26±0.72%),反演精度在1%以内。  相似文献   

3.
作为温室气体的主要成分,CO_2的排放控制有利于应对全球气候变暖以及生态环境变化,对CO_2的快速检测具有重要意义。目前检测CO_2的方法有滴定法,电化学法,气相色谱法,红外吸收光谱法等,但对应用于工业现场的在线监测还存在着不足。激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)具有远程测量,无需或仅需简单预处理,多组分同步测量等优点,本文提出将其应用于CO_2在线监测,期望发展适用于工业过程碳排放的在线监测技术。利用质量流量控制器控制纯度为99.99%的CO_2和N2配比形成不同CO_2浓度的混合气体模拟烟气环境,经过混气瓶充分混合后送入密封样品池进行LIBS测量实验。研究不同延迟时间下C247.86nm和CN38.34nm谱线的演化规律,验证了等离子体形成过程中存在部分CO_2分子解离反应生成CN分子,在CO_2定量分析时应考虑CN分子谱线的影响,并获得同步测量C原子和分子谱线的最佳延迟时间为800ns。在此基础上,由于等离子体演化过程中,各种信息相互影响,分析指标与多个测量参数存在关系,综合考虑C原子、CN碎片及修正高浓度影响下的自吸收效应,采用多元回归分析方法建立了CO_2定量分析曲线,其拟合度R~2和斜率分别达到了0.978和0.981,结果表明相比单个指标直接定标,该方法提高了定量分析模型的可靠性,验证了LIBS技术快速测量CO_2的可行性。  相似文献   

4.
工业革命以来人类活动排放到大气中的主要温室气体有CO2、CH4、N2O等,其在大气中的含量增加引起吸收地表辐射能量的增加,改变了地表-大气辐射平衡,造成了地表温度升高。本文研究了温室气体含量增加同其吸收地表辐射能量的关系;比较了不同温室气体含量引起的吸收地表辐射能量变化的差异,提出了温室效应对不同温室气体浓度变化的敏感性的概念。通过对敏感性的分析,得出了不同温室气体含量的变化对温室效应影响的强弱关系。  相似文献   

5.
利用一维辐射传递方程及LBLRTM逐线积分模式建立计算模型,对工业革命前与目前大气构成情况下温室效应的能量分布及其光谱吸收机理进行分析,在保持温室气体浓度为当前水平的基础上,研究温室效应能量分布与地表温度之间的相互耦合机理.结果表明:工业革命前地球的温暖环境主要来自于大气温室气体的(100~370)cm-1、(640~710)cm-1以及(1 370~2 000)cm-1三个强吸收带对于地球长波辐射的吸收,而地球当前的变暖则源自于大气的(370~640)cm-1和(710~1 370)cm-1两个弱吸收带的作用,其对工业革命以来所额外增加的温室效应贡献分别达到了25%和55%;地表温度升高,温室效应在全波段范围内也会随之增强,但不同谱带处的温室效应贡献以地球平均温度所对应的辐射峰值波数为界线,峰值波数右侧的温室效应贡献将会增加,在其左侧的贡献比例则会减小.  相似文献   

6.
大气温室效应是地球有别于其他星球具有温暖、适合生命生存特性的直接决定因素,而随着地球由温暖再继续变暖,水汽作为地球上含量最丰富的温室气体,其对温室效应的影响也将进一步增强。文章主要针对对流层水汽,利用逐线模型,分析了不同高度下水汽对地气辐射的吸收特点。结果表明,对流层不同高度处水汽对于工业革命前地球环境的"温暖"和目前所面临的"变暖"贡献有着本质的不同:地球的"温暖"主要来自于近地面3 km以下的丰富水汽对于长波辐射的吸收,其吸收比例占到了整个对流层水汽温室效应的50%;但是,目前近地面处水汽的强吸收带已经趋于饱和,因此,地球当前的"变暖"主要是由于对流层高层水汽含量增加所造成的温室效应显著增强所致。  相似文献   

7.
以CO_2为工质,对空气源热泵热水器矩形螺旋套管气体冷却器的换热特性进行实验研究,搭建了空气源热泵热水器实验台,测试分析冷却水流量的变化对冷却水进出口温差、CO_2进出口压力与温度、CO_2质量流量、气体冷却器总换热量、总传热系数及热泵系统COP等参数的影响,探究其对气体冷却器换热性能的变化规律。结果表明:随着冷却水流量的增加,冷却水进出口温差、CO_2进出口压力和温度均呈下降趋势,CO_2质量流量则呈上升趋势;气体冷却器的总换热量增加49.70%,总传热系数增加57.55%,COP增加73.41%,增幅较大;而气体冷却器换热效能系数仅增加1.77%,变化趋势不明显。  相似文献   

8.
设计了CO_2降膜吸收反应器,对比了四种工质20%MEA、20%IL、5%IL+15%MEA、10%IL+10%MEA吸收CO_2性能。结果表明:工质5%[N_(1111)][Gly]+15%MEA每摩尔胺吸收的CO_2量最大,且其CO_2吸收能力被完全利用程度高达89.0%。选取5%[N_(1111)][Gly]+15%MEA为吸收剂,考察了液体流量,液体温度,气体流量,气体进口CO_2浓度对5%[N1111][Gly]+15%MEA吸收剂降膜吸收性能的影响.结果表明:吸收速率随液体流量先增加之后下降,随液体温度、气体流量及气体进口CO_2浓度的增加而增加.  相似文献   

9.
针对全球变暖贡献最大的两种温室气体CO2和CH4,采用自行研制的地基傅里叶变换近红外光谱遥测系统连续观测了合肥地区2012年2月到2013年4月的直射太阳光光谱,进而获得整层大气透过率测量光谱。在前向模型中采用逐线积分、低阶多项式近似方法得到整层大气透过率模拟光谱。利用模拟透过率光谱在CO2的6 150~6 270cm-1波段、CH4的5 970~6 170cm-1波段对测量透过率光谱进行迭代拟合,获得气体柱浓度。以O2柱浓度为内标函数获得CO2和CH4的干柱体积混合比。CO2和CH4干柱体积混合比日均值都具有较大波动性和明显的季节周期性,它们的月均值整体上具有较强的一致性,但是变化特征不尽相同。与日本温室气体卫星瓦里关地区的报道结果相比,CO2含量峰谷值对应的时间相对滞后,并且峰值到谷值的转变时间较长;与利用SCIAMACHY资料分析的全国范围内CH4柱浓度平均值变化趋势相比,CH4含量表现出夏高冬低的单峰单谷型变化趋势。它们的变化特征与源和汇的平衡、气象和气候条件等复杂因素有关,还需长期观测和深入研究。  相似文献   

10.
戴闻 《物理》2012,41(6):406
在距今19000年以前的一段时间,地球处于所谓最后一个冰期.之后,在距今19000年至10000年期间,整个地球逐渐变暖,冰原从北半球的大陆消退,同时大气组分也发生明显变化.专业人士称上述转变为“冰川终止(glacial termination)”,有许多专家试图解释触发和维持上述变化的机制,不幸至今仍然缺乏有说服力的理论.在最近出版的Nature周刊上,Shakun等重构了全球温度分布随时间的变化规律,证明:“冰川终止”变暖过程的发生,实际上是南北两个半球温度反相(antiphased)变化叠加的结果.因此说,在距今19000年至10000年期间,地球所经历的是某种全球变暖.海洋环流的变化分别控制了南北半球反相温度变化的幅度,它似乎是影响这一变暖过程的最重要因素.  相似文献   

11.
生物芯片扫描仪研究进展   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
周强  宗光华  毕树生 《光学技术》2004,30(2):225-228
介绍了生物芯片及其检测、扫描的基本原理。详细讨论了在生物芯片扫描仪中的关键技术及国内外的研究现状和目前存在的技术难点以及最新发展趋势和研究热点。着重分析了共聚焦光路与非共聚焦光路在生物芯片扫描仪中的应用特点,以及CVR技术指标。最后提出了生物芯片扫描仪的未来研究重点以及发展方向。  相似文献   

12.
The electronic transport properties of pure MgS nanotube based molecular devices, Mn-substituted nanotubes and Se-substituted nanotubes are investigated using density functional theory. The state of the art of this work is to study the transport properties of MgS nanotubes with substitution impurities across electrodes. The electronic transport properties are discussed in terms of device density of states and transmission spectrum of MgS nanotubes. The effects of Mn substitution and Se substitution in nanotubes are studied. The major contribution to density of states arises only from p orbitals in MgS nanotubes. The substitution effect and bias voltages also have influence in the density of states. The transmission spectrum provides information about the transmission of electrons along the nanotube. The information provided in this work gives a clear vision to fine-tune MgS nanostructures with improved transport property in nanoelectronic device fabrication.  相似文献   

13.
Pawan Singh  S Prakash 《Pramana》1993,41(3):239-255
The electronic structure of hydrogen and muonium in simple metals is investigated. The spherical solid model potential is used for the discrete lattice and the Blatt correction for lattice dilation. The proton and muon are kept at the octahedral sites in the fcc and hcp lattices and self-consistent non-linear screening calculations are carried out. The scattering phase shifts, electronic charge density, effective impurity potential, self-energy, charge transfer, residual resistivity and Knight shift are calculated. The spherical solid potential changes the scattering character of impurity. The phase shifts are found slowly converging. The scattering is more prominent in Al than in Mg and Cu. The virtual bound states of proton and muon are favoured in all the three metals. The calculated value of residual resistivity for CuH is in good agreement with the experimental value. The results for Knight shift forμ + in Cu and Mg are in reasonable agreement with the experimental values while those forμ + in Al are lower than the experimental value. The analytical expressions for effective impurity potential and electronic charge density are suggested.  相似文献   

14.
The interaction between rhodamine 123 and graphene oxide in aqueous dispersion was examined by spectroscopic techniques. The quenching mechanism of rhodamine 123 adsorbed onto graphene oxide was static quenching. Rhodamine 123 and graphene oxide may form as a compound in the aqueous solution via π–π and electrostatic interactions. The fluorescence signal of rhodamine 123 adsorbed onto graphene oxide was changed in different pH solutions and culture mediums. The fluorescence signal of rhodamine 123 on graphene oxide was increased in the presence of 5% fetal bovine serum, but the increments kept constant between 5 and 25%. The concentration of cellular total protein may seriously affect the accuracy of the method. The fluorescence signal of cells incubated with graphene oxide was decreased in comparison with the one incubated in rhodamine 123 only. The method for observing cellular uptake and therapeutics releasing process could be recorded by fluorescence microscopy in the recommended condition.  相似文献   

15.
原位低温拉曼光谱技术在储层流体包裹体分析中的应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
准确获取流体包裹体中盐的类型一直是包裹体研究的重要问题。采用原位低温拉曼光谱技术对民丰洼陷深部天然气储层流体包裹体进行了分析。常温拉曼光谱综合分析表明,包裹体中流体为含甲烷的盐水溶液。在—180℃下对包裹体进行了原位低温拉曼光谱分析,结果显示包裹体中含有NaCl,CaCl_2,MgCl_2等盐类,其中以NaCl为主,CaCl_2含量很少,MgCl_2含量极少。根据沉积成岩过程分析了包裹体中流体的成因,解释了储层成岩作用的机理。研究结果表明,原位低温拉曼光谱是获取储层包裹体中流体性质的一种有效方法。在包裹体原位低温拉曼光谱分析技术基础上,结合沉积成岩过程,可以给储层的成岩作用类型和成岩反应机理给出重要证据。  相似文献   

16.
The coupling of visible nanosecond laser pulses to metallic targets irradiated in vacuum is studied. The expressions of the vapour and plasma ignition times are obtained. Two cases for vapour breakdown in the plasma ignition process are considered. The first case is that 40 generations of new electrons are born in vapour generation time before plasma formation as assumed in the literature. The second case is that 10 generations of new electrons are born in vapour generation time. Molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb) and aluminium (Al) targets are considered for illustrations of our results. The expression of the plasma ignition time for the Al target is substantially different from that reported in the literature. The vapour and plasma ignition threshold laser intensities are calculated and compared with those reported in the literature. Reasons for disagreement are discussed. The plasma ignition threshold estimated in the second case is noted to be in good agreement with the reported experimental result.  相似文献   

17.
 为了得到极光带下层区电双层及密度空穴的形成和演化过程,分析了在静态极限下,强湍动等离子中低频电势、高频调制场及密度扰动之间的非线性耦合方程,并对其进行了数值计算。结果表明,在极光带下层区,坍塌的高频场导致了电双层及密度空穴的形成。所得的电双层为双双层,是一种非线性的实体,即腔子,其电势峰值范围为14~40 V,厚度为100~200 m,几十个Debye尺度;空穴的最大密度扰动率达到80%以上,这与FAST卫星观测结果相一致。  相似文献   

18.
The 400 MeV/u 12C6+ion beam was successfully cooled by the intensive electron beam near 1 A in CSRe.The momentum cooling time was estimated near 15 s.The cooling force was measured in the cases of different electron beam profiles,and the different angles between the ion beam and electron beam.The lifetime of the ion beam in CSRe was over 80 h.The dispersion in the cooling section was confirmed as positive close to zero.The beam sizes before cooling and after cooling were measured by the moving screen.The beam diameter after cooling was about 1 mm.The bunch length was measured with the help of the signals from the beam position monitor.The diffusion was studied in the absence of the electron beam.  相似文献   

19.
本文采用样品添加曲线法测定克山病非病区正常人及病区正常人潜,慢性克山病患者淋巴细胞中微量铜和锌,方法简便,快速,灵敏度高和精确度好,能有效的排除干扰,直线相关系数Cu:r=1.000,Zn:r=0.9992。相对标准偏差为2.3%-6.4%。回收率为93%-104%。结果表明4组人群Cu水平无差异。潜、慢克山病患者Zn/Cu比值增大。  相似文献   

20.
The history of pollinosis in Japan before the discovery of Japanese cedar pollinosis was presented in part I in this paper. Until early 1960s, it was believed that there was no pollinosis in Japan except one case of ragweed pollinosis.The summary of how the Japanese cedar pollinosis was discovered and named was presented in part II, by referring to the paper in which we reported the presence of Japanese cedar pollinosis for the first time.The epidemiology after the discovery of Japanese cedar pollinosis was presented in part III. The number of the patients suffering from Japanese cedar pollinosis gradually increased since the 1970s. The annual incidence rate of the pollinosis had correlations with the dispersed pollen count per year. The prevalence rate of the patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis increased from 16.2% in 1998 to 26.5% in 2008 by the nationwide survey. The prevalence rate of the patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis in Tokyo metropolitan area was 10% from 1983 to 1987, 19.4% in 1996, and 28.2% in 2006.The prospects of current research and future studies were discussed in parts IV and V.  相似文献   

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