上海光源150 MeV直线加速器次谐波腔耦合器的设计与调试

通过将次谐波腔体等效为RLC并联回路,求得了射频功率馈入腔体的耦合度公式,分析了上海光源直线加速器次谐波腔输入耦合器的设计要点,通过3维电磁计算软件CST的数值模拟方法对耦合器结构尺寸、耦合环的深度与方位、耦合度进行了模拟计算。介绍了对次谐波腔耦合器进行小信号测试的过程、腔体安装及在线调试的方法。     

X波段脉冲电子顺磁共振谱仪的矩形腔与微型平面腔的设计

为了满足脉冲式电子顺磁共振谱仪的需要,设计并制作了连续波谐振腔和脉冲谐振腔. 连续波谐振腔采用矩形谐振腔的设计,而脉冲谐振腔采用了微型平面腔的设计. 在设计阶段,使用Ansoft-HFSS三维电磁仿真软件对2种谐振腔进行模拟计算. 微型平面腔的加工采用了微纳加工技术. 制作完成的谐振腔的参数指标由网络分析仪测定. 实验测得2种谐振腔的参数指标符合理论模拟值,并满足脉冲式电子顺磁共振谱仪的要求.     

上海光源500MHz超导腔水平测试

上海光源是能量为3.5 GeV的第三代先进中能同步辐射光源，其储存环上安装了三台超导高频腔补偿电子因同步辐射等原因丢失的能量。为保障上海光源的长期稳定高效运行，中国科学院上海应用物理研究所和上海市低温超导高频腔技术重点实验室共同研制了具备低高次模损失参数和可承受更高入射功率的新型500 MHz超导腔，作为上海光源在线运行超导高频腔的备用腔。超导铌腔经低温垂直测试达到所需加速性能后，需要与高功率输入耦合器、高次模吸收器、低温恒温器等集成并完成水平测试，获得超导腔模组的加速性能、低温性能和真空性能。介绍了超导腔备用腔的研制、集成和测试过程，采用文丘里(Venturi)校准法获得模组的静态功耗反应模组的低温性能，并通过高功率测试获得了超导腔备用腔模组的加速性能。测试结果表明:自主研制的500 MHz超导腔备用腔满足上海光源的工作需求，在超导腔的加速腔压为2.0 MV时，无载品质因数为1.2×109 @4.2 K，且低温模组的静态热损耗为36.1 W。     

速调管输入腔开放腔的高频特性分析与实验研究

 建立了带输入波导结构的S波段速调管放大器输入腔开放腔模型，利用3维软件对其高频特性进行了数值计算研究，并对输入腔结构进行了优化设计。利用已加工的输入腔进行了高频参数的冷测实验研究，实验中的输入腔结构尺寸与高频分析中的完全相同，实验结果与高频分析结果一致。用3维PIC程序对电子束经过该输入腔后的束流调制以及注入微波的吸收情况进行了模拟。模拟结果表明：该输入腔与微波注入波导匹配很好，注入微波能被电子束和谐振腔全部吸收，在输入腔间隙后37 cm处得到了13%的基波电流调制深度。     

上海光源储存环工作点测量系统

报道了工作点测量技术的研究现状,对束流频谱分析用于工作点测量的方法进行了详细说明。介绍了上海光源储存环工作点测量系统的物理需求、方案设计、硬件结构及关键设备选型。采用束流实验的方法对系统配置参数进行优化,对系统测量误差及分辨力进行测试评估,讨论了测量系统不同工作模式的优缺点,并给出加速器不同运行阶段应该采用的运行模式。优化后的上海光源工作点测量系统,其系统测量误差小于0.000 1,测量分辨力好于0.000 05,测量过程对束流轨道及等效束斑尺寸的扰动控制在μm量级,现已在上海光源运行及机器研究中投入实用。     

多注速调管的3维数值计算

 用KARAT-3D全电磁PIC程序，对多注速调管设计模型波束相互作用的物理过程进行3维数值模拟，给出了输出功率、电流等基本的物理参数。在输入电压14 kV，电流20.8 A时候，得到了128 kW的峰值输出功率，峰值效率是43.8％。考察了电子在高频场的运动和电流调制，分析了电流在各互作用腔中的调制，并对多注速调管不同发射度时电子传输进行了研究。结果表明：电子均匀发射时高频场的调制对电流传输效率影响不大，电流和电场调制随着腔的增加而增加。电子能量在输出腔的位置减小很多，电子有一部分能量转化为微波。     

S波段相对论速调管放大器输入腔的3维分析与模拟

 利用3维软件设计了适用于S波段相对论速调管放大器的单重入输入腔,该腔体采用了偏心设计,以便减小耦合孔处的不均匀场对腔间隙场的影响，分析了腔体耦合孔尺寸对腔间隙场均匀性的影响；建立了带输入波导结构的3维输入腔开放腔模型，并应用此模型，采用3维PIC程序模拟了注入微波功率、束直流对输入腔间隙后束流调制的影响。研究结果表明：耦合孔尺寸对腔间隙电场均匀性影响较大，当耦合孔离轴越近时，腔间隙场越不均匀；在结构参数和束参数固定的条件下，基波电流调制深度随着间隙电压的增加而增加，但达到最大基波调制电流的漂移距离几乎不变；在结构参数和注入微波参数固定的条件下，束直流越大，达到最大基波调制电流所需的漂移距离越短。研究结果为腔体的设计和输入腔束流调制实验提供了参考依据。     

离子源注入型IH加速腔冷测与调谐

离子源注入型IH加速器有望发展成为一种紧凑型低功耗离子加速器，为有效验证该加速结构的束流俘获效率，中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所设计了一套将质子束从0.04 MeV加速到2.0 MeV的IH加速腔。目前已经完成了该腔的腔体加工，开展了高频参数冷测及腔体调谐研究。通过漂移管调谐和电感调谐，减小了腔体的频率误差和加速电压分布误差。模拟计算实测电场下腔体的束流俘获效率，由调谐前的16%提高到调谐后的34%。冷测调谐结果表明，该加速腔的各项参数达到设计值，具备进行功率测试和束流测试的条件。     

基于遗传算法的紧凑型高温超导托卡马克磁体优化

基于遗传算法和二维轴对称磁场有限元模型对高温超导托卡马克装置磁体进行了优化设计。以超导带材使用量最少为优化的目标函数，在给定的背景场设计指标和高温超导带材在50K、不同背景场的临界电流数据下，对磁体物理参数以及运行电流进行优化，得到了托卡马克高温超导磁体在50K温区下的设计方案。     

X波段类周期加载微波腔的优化设计和粒子模拟

提出了一种类周期加载微波腔结构，通过理论和全电磁2.5维相对论粒子模拟程序计算，证实了电子束可以与这种谐振腔结构发生相互作用。基于该谐振腔特点，通过ASTRA程序(包含电子束自身空间电荷场的粒子运动模拟程序)设计和优化了一个X波段的类周期加载微波腔振荡器，该振荡器的束波转换效率理论值可达52%，工作频率为9.4 GHz。然后用全电磁2.5维相对论粒子模拟程序进行了进一步的优化，模拟中，输入电压700 kV，电流6.6 kA，磁场4.4 T，其输出功率为1.67 GW，束波转换效率达到36%。实验上输出微波峰值功率达到1.3 GW，脉宽26 ns，束波转换效率为26%。     

142.8MHz次谐波聚束腔的结构优化设计

 使用二维有限差分法分析软件Superfish和三维有限积分法分析软件MAFIA，对142.8MHz次谐波聚束腔的结构进行了模拟和优化研究，给出了聚束腔结构优化设计的步骤和方法，确定了优化后聚束腔的基本结构。分析比较了Superfish和MAFIA两个软件的模拟优化结果，得出了基本一致的结论。还探讨了Superfish和MAFIA在聚束腔设计中的应用方法。     

S波段HYBRID聚束-加速结构的样机研制

Hybrid聚束-加速结构是把驻波预聚束器、行波聚束器和标准加速管集成到一起的新型RF结构。简述了对S波段Hybrid聚束-加速结构样机的束流动力学优化和微波设计结果,解释了Hybrid结构导致发射度增长的原因,对此样机进行了射频低功率测试。样机的冷测结果与RF设计结果一致性很好。在冷测频率2 855.21 MHz处,实测S₁₁小于?45 dB,腔间相移偏差小于±2°,VSWR≤1.2对应的带宽大于5 MHz,轴向场分布完全满足动力学要求。     

Physical design and cooling test of C-band standing wave accelerating tube

The physical design and cooling test of a C-band 2MeV standing wave (SW) accelerating tube are described in this paper. The designed accelerating structure consists of 3-cell buncher and 4-cell accelerating section with a total length of about 163mm，excited with 1MW magnetron. Dynamic simulation presents that about 150mA beam pulse current and 30{\%} capture efficiency can be achieved. By means of nonlinear Gauss fit on electron transverse distribution, the diameter of beam spot FWHM (full width at half maximum of density distribution) is about 0.55mm. Cooling test results of the accelerating tube show that frequencies of cavities are tuned to 5527MHz and the field distribution of bunching section is about 3:9:10.     

Physics design of a 10 MeV, 6 kW travelling wave electron linac for industrial applications

We present the physics design of a 10 MeV, 6 kW S-band (2856 MHz) electron linear accelerator (linac), which has been recently built and successfully operated at Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore. The accelerating structure is a 2π/3 mode constant impedance travelling wave structure, which comprises travelling wave buncher cells, followed by regular accelerating cells. The structure is designed to accelerate 50 keV electron beam from the electron gun to 10 MeV. This paper describes the details of electromagnetic design simulations to fix the mechanical dimensions and tolerances, as well as heat loss calculations in the structure. Results of design simulations have been compared with those obtained using approximate analytical formulae. The beam dynamics simulation with space charge is performed and the required magnetic field profile for keeping the beam focussed in the linac has been evaluated and discussed. An important feature of a travelling wave linac (in contrast with standing wave linac) is that it accepts the RF power over a band of frequencies. Three-dimensional transient simulations of the accelerating structure along with the input and output couplers have been performed using the software CST-MWS to explicitly demonstrate this feature.     

Study of separated function radio frequency quadrupoles accelerator

SFRFQ (Separated Function Radio Frequency Quadrupoles) accelerator is a new post accelerator of RFQ (Radio Frequency Quadrupoles) type, which has been developed since the beginning of the 1990s at Peking University. In order to demonstrate the possibility of the SFRFQ, a prototype cavity has been designed.A special dynamics design method has been proposed to avoid the sparking problem and decrease the energy spread at the exit of SFRFQ. It consists of two aspects: the asymmetry structure design for transverse focusing and the inner buncher design for longitudinal bunching. This allows the improvement of the beam properties without increasing the cavity length. The simulation results show that the energy spread can be substantially reduced by using the inner buncher in the SFRFQ structure.     

基于北京慢正电子强束流的微脉冲化系统设计

慢正电子湮没寿命测量是研究材料表面微观缺陷的重要分析方法．束团化系统是实现慢正电子湮没寿命测量的核心部件, 主要由斩波、聚束两部分组成, 它可以将随时间连续分布的束流束团化, 从而获得正电子湮没寿命测量的时间起点及满足时间分辨率要求的束团．本文以粒子动力学计算为基础, 完成了束团化系统的物理设计, 其时间分辨率设计值为150ps(FWHM)．     

The design and construction of a pulsed beam generation system based on high intensity cyclotron

In order to perform the studies on a pulsed beam generation system based on a high intensity cyclotron, a test beam line with a pulsed beam generation for a 10 MeV compact cyclotron (CYCIAE-10) has been designed and constructed at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). A 70 MHz continuous H-beam can be pulsed to the pulse length of less than 10 ns with a repetition rate of 4.4 MHz. The sine waveform with a frequency of 2.2 MHz is adopted for the chopper and a mesh structure with single drift and dual gaps is used for the 70 MHz buncher. A helical resonator is designed and constructed based on simulations and experiments on the RF matching for the chopper. A helical inductance loop that is exceptionally large of its kind and equipped with water cooling for the resonator has been successfully wound and a 500 W solid RF amplifier has been manufactured. A special measuring device has been designed, which can be used to measure both the DC beam and the pulsed beam. The required pulsed beam was obtained after pulsed beam tuning.     

The design and construction of a pulsed beam generation system based on high intensity cyclotron

In order to perform the studies on a pulsed beam generation system based on a high intensity cyclotron, a test beam line with a pulsed beam generation for a 10 MeV compact cyclotron (CYCIAE-10) has been designed and constructed at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). A 70 MHz continuous H-beam can be pulsed to the pulse length of less than 10 ns with a repetition rate of 4.4 MHz. The sine waveform with a frequency of 2.2 MHz is adopted for the chopper and a mesh structure with single drift and dual gaps is used for the 70 MHz buncher. A helical resonator is designed and constructed based on simulations and experiments on the RF matching for the chopper. A helical inductance loop that is exceptionally large of its kind and equipped with water cooling for the resonator has been successfully wound and a 500 W solid RF amplifier has been manufactured. A special measuring device has been designed, which can be used to measure both the DC beam and the pulsed beam. The required pulsed beam was obtained after pulsed beam tuning.

     

高电压锯齿波聚束器的设计研制

近些年来,使用锯齿波直接形成的方法建造非谐振型聚束器在国内及国际均得到了广泛的应用。由于电子技术及机械加工工艺的飞速发展和更高功率电子管的出现,可以设计出更高指标的聚束器,进而可以有效提高束线的匹配效率及运行稳定度。对兰州重离子加速器源束线新的高电压锯齿波聚束器的研制进行了详细阐述,由于该聚束器具有目前国际同类型设备中最高的电压、频率以及相对苛刻的现场条件限制,故还对设计中所涉及的工程实施方案进行了有效补充和完善。