三维机翼跨音速颤振的分布式并行计算

以多台微机组成分布式计算系统,利用无限插值方法(TFI)生成三维多块贴体运动网格,以Navier Stokes方程为控制方程,求解三维机翼的跨音速非定常气动力,并与颤振方程耦合迭代计算,求解机翼广义位移响应的时间历程,根据广义位移的时间历程的衰减、等幅和发散振荡等情况确定机翼跨音速颤振临界条件.通过算例验证,计算结果与实验结果和理论分析相吻合.     

利用N-S方程模拟机翼气动弹性的一种计算方法

利用一种双时间方法求解三维非定常N-S方程,得到与任意非定常运动对应的气动力,在求解非定常气动力的同时,在时间域内用二阶龙格 库塔方法求解机翼弹性运动方程,从而模拟粘性流动中的气动弹性全过程.为保证网格生成效率,采用无限插值理论生成O-H型代数网格,考虑了机翼变形时的网格生成问题,并得到计算结果.     

机翼跨声速非定常绕流IA型反命题变域变分有限元解

以文[1]提出的二维振荡机翼含激波跨声速非定常绕流I_A型反命题变分原理为基础,构建求解I_A型反命题的有限元解法。构造了三维时空可变节点有限元来捕获自由尾涡面和翼面几何形状,跨声速流中的激波用人工密度法捕获。在远场边界上采用简化的无反射边界条件,新型非定常Kutta条件被用于处理尾缘条件。用该方法,根据翼型跨声速非定常绕流翼面压力分布求解I_A型反命题,得到了NACA64A010翼型的几何形状,计算结果令人满意。     

机翼跨声速非常绕流IA型反命题变域变分有限元解

以文[1]提出的二维振荡机翼含激波跨声速非定常绕流IA型反命题变分原理为基础，构建求解IA型反命题的有限元解法。构造了三维时空可变节点有限元来捕获自由尾涡面和翼面几何形状，跨声速流中的激波用人工密度法捕获。在远场边界上采用简化的无反射边界条件，新型非定常Kutta条件被用于处理尾缘条件。用该方法，根据翼型跨声速非定常绕流翼面压力分布求解IA型反命题，得到了NACA64A010翼型的几何形态，计算结果令人满意。     

带有结构非线性的跨音速翼型颤振特性研究

以非定常N-S方程为主管方程,采用时间推进的方法,计算翼型振荡的瞬态非定常气动力,并与带有结构非线性的颤振方程耦合求解,计算了带有结构刚度非线性(间隙型,三次型刚度非线性)和结构阻尼非线性(三次型阻尼非线性)的结构响应特性和颤振特性.计算研究表明,由于同时具有结构和气动非线性,振荡极限环和气动力极为复杂.     

钝前缘梯形翼高超声速风洞颤振试验

为了研究钝前缘翼面的高超声速颤振特性,获得典型翼面高超声速颤振参数以校验非定常气动力和CFD计算,采用具有简单结构动力学特性的钝前缘梯形翼模型,在中国航天空气动力技术研究院FD-07高超声速风洞进行了高超声速风洞颤振试验研究.模型为9 mm厚钝前缘梯形平板翼,采用夹层设计:中间层为钢板,提供模型主要刚度和质量特性;两侧为泡沫,起维形作用.试验模型采用悬臂支撑安装于风洞试验段,试验Mach数分别为4.95和5.95.试验固定Mach数,通过缓慢增加动压以使模型达到颤振临界点,采用小波时频谱分析时域响应,结果显示试验模型发生了弯扭耦合经典颤振.试验采用直接观测法获得了颤振动压、颤振频率和对应的试验密度、总温等颤振相关参数.采用壳单元建立了结构有限元模型,并采用统一升力面理论对模型进行了颤振计算分析,研究了气流密度、结构阻尼、Mach数对颤振计算的影响,并对试验结果与理论计算的偏差进行了讨论.分析认为,计算气流密度、计算结构阻尼、结构建模偏差、试验结果散布特性等因素均会构成计算值和试验值之间的偏差,但即便在计算中考虑上述因素,计算结果与试验值仍存在较大偏差.      

弹性载机对外挂物动力学响应的影响

在外挂物投放过程中, 载机对外挂物具有气动干扰效应, 产生附加气动力.对于弹性机翼, 在外挂物分离投放时, 相当于给机翼一个初始扰动, 机翼将发生弹性振动, 该振动也会对外挂物带来气动干扰效应.通过耦合求解非定常N-S方程刚体六自由度方程和基于模态法的结构动力学方程, 对考虑弹性变形的载机外挂物分离投放过程进行模拟, 研究了弹性机翼对外挂物的气动干扰效应.研究结果表明:在外挂物分离初期, 弹性机翼的干扰对外挂物气动力响应产生显著影响, 机翼的主要结构模态频率决定了外挂物气动力的变化频率, 并且由载机机翼动弹性变形引起的干扰气动力能占到外挂物总气动力的一半左右.      

振动叶栅叶片间振动相位差对非定常气动力的影响

一、前言 在叶轮机械非定常气动力的研究中,探索振动叶栅叶片间振动相位差对非定常气动力影响的规律,可以大大节省对叶片进行颤振预估的理论与实验方面的工作量,具有重要意义。在现已发表的文献中,虽然给出了几种相位差下某种振型的实验结果或理论分析,但只限于一种振型下的少数几个相位差,而且也没有得出定量的规律。由于以往计算非定常气动力的方法太烦杂且又受到各种限制,要进行系统分析是十分困难的。文献[3]提出的求解振动叶栅非定常气动力的“振荡中心流线法”,提供了一种适应性广、计算简单     

基于修正面元法的机翼静气动弹性计算

针对静气动弹性弱耦合解法多次迭代耗时较长的问题,提出一种斜率修正面元法计算气动力.该方法以机翼在不同迎角下的CFD数据作为修正基础,以直线段近似曲线段升力线,弥补面元法无法考虑非线性因素的缺陷.通过M6机翼气动力损失以及迎角补偿等静气动弹性的计算表明,相对于CFD技术,该方法保持了较高的准确度并且计算效率较高,适用于复杂结构优化.     

离心压气机内部非定常流场的数值模拟

应用NUMECA软件对跨声速离心压气机级动静叶相互干涉形成的三维非定常粘性流场进行了数值模拟,给出了不同时刻叶片表面压力系数的变化曲线,不同时刻不同流向位置截面上速度沿流道宽度方向分布的变化曲线.模拟结果表明压力场和速度场的非定常特性主要表现在叶轮出口、径向间隙以及整个扩压器内.压力面上的非定常现象较吸力面上显著.     

机翼变形的双激光器实时测量原理

在飞机机身的上下位置分别安装一个激光器,提出了一种实时测量在飞行过程中机翼弹性变形量的方法。以激光器与安装反射镜的机翼顶端之间的测量距离数据为依据,得到机翼或机身上任意点的实时变形量。机翼或机身上任意点的实时变形量是从机翼变形数据库中提取的数据量计算得到。根据弹性薄板理论,利用理想二维梁为例说明了该方法的实现过程,并且进行仿真说明。该方法对实时测量机翼弹性变形量具有普遍意义和实际应用价值。     

LIMIT CYCLE FLUTTER OF AIRFOILS IN STEADY AND UNSTEADY FLOWS

The limit cycle flutter of a two-dimensional wing with non-linear pitching stiffness is investigated. For modelling the aerodynamic forces of the wing steady linear and non-linear models as well as an unsteady model were used. The flutter speed was calculated using the harmonic balance method and by predicting Hopf bifurcation. Analytical solutions based on the centre manifold theory and normal forms were obtained as were results given by the harmonic balance method. The analytical solutions were compared with those obtained by numerical integration. The results show that the harmonic balance method can forecast flutter speed with a good accuracy while analytical solutions based on centre manifold theorem are accurate only in a small neighbourhood of the bifurcation point. The oscillation of the airfoil after flutter for two different models, linear and non-linear pitching stiffness were compared with each other and the flutter speeds for two linear steady and an unsteady aerodynamic model calculated. The obtained results show that flutter analysis based on the linear steady model is conservative only for the ratios of plunge frequency to pitch frequency lower than 1.     

Parameterized aeroelastic modeling and flutter analysis for a folding wing

To investigate the flutter characteristics of a folding wing with different configurations, a parameterized aeroelastic model is proposed. First, a parameterized structural model is established based on the substructure synthesis. Afterwards, the parameterized aerodynamic model is derived for each lifting surface using the so-called Doublet Lattice Method (DLM). The correctness of the resulting aeroelastic model is verified via NASTRAN. Finally, some aeroelastic simulations are performed using the proposed aeroelastic model. The results demonstrate that the flutter characteristics of the folding wing are very sensitive to the folding angle. With increasing folding angle, a transition between two unstable modes occurs. Such a transition results in a sudden change of flutter mode shapes and a jump of critical flutter frequency. Besides, there exists a region of folding angle, where the flutter behavior of the folding wing strongly depends on the structural damping.     

A high-efficiency aerothermoelastic analysis method

In this paper,a high-efficiency aerothermoelastic analysis method based on unified hypersonic lifting surface theory is established.The method adopts a two-way coupling form that couples the structure,aerodynamic force,and aerodynamic thermo and heat conduction.The aerodynamic force is first calculated based on unified hypersonic lifting surface theory,and then the Eckert reference temperature method is used to solve the temperature field,where the transient heat conduction is solved using Fourier’s law,and the modal method is used for the aeroelastic correction.Finally,flutter is analyzed based on the p-k method.The aerothermoelastic behavior of a typical hypersonic low-aspect ratio wing is then analyzed,and the results indicate the following:(1)the combined effects of the aerodynamic load and thermal load both deform the wing,which would increase if the flexibility,size,and flight time of the hypersonic aircraft increase;(2)the effect of heat accumulation should be noted,and therefore,the trajectory parameters should be considered in the design of hypersonic flight vehicles to avoid hazardous conditions,such as flutter.     

双激光器实时测量机翼变形的误差分析

基于双激光器测量机翼弹性变形量的理论模型,应用误差分析理论,分析了飞机在飞行过程中双激光器测量方法的误差。以激光器的原始测距误差为出发点,依据误差传递公式,分析了测量机翼变形量的绝对误差和相对误差,并给出了计算仿真结果和相应的图形。研究结果对机载毫米波综合孔径成像系统的图像校正和相位补偿、机载导弹挂飞试验等具有及其重要的应用价值。     

Investigation on transonic flutter active auppression with CFD-Based ROMs

The calculation of accurate unsteady aerodynamic forces is critical in the analysis of aeroelastic problems,however the efficiency is low because of high computational costs of the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)portion.Additionally,direct integrated CFD and computational structural dynamics(CSD)technique is unsuitable for the analysis of ASE and the flutter active suppression in state-space form.A reduced-order model(ROM)based on Volterra series was developed using CFD calculation and used to predict the flutter coupled with the structure.The closed-loop control systems designed by the sliding mode control(SMC)and linear quadratic Gaussian(LQG)control were constructed with ROM/CSD to suppress the AGARD 445.6wing flutter.The detailed implementation of the two control approaches is presented,and the flutter suppression effectiveness is discussed and compared.The results indicate that SMC method can make the controlled object response decay to the stable equilibrium more rapidly and has better control effects than the LQG control.     

Reduction of vertical-gust induced loads on elastic airplane model with slotted-interceptor-type surfaces

Results of T-203 wind-tunnel tests of an elastic airplane model dynamically similar to Tu-204 aircraft equipped with a passive wing load reduction system are reported. The wing load reduction system comprised two auxiliary aerodynamic surfaces of the slotted-interceptor type installed symmetrically on the upper surface of the lifting wing at the boundary-layer height. It was found that, with the operating system, the additional bending moments induced by symmetric vertical discrete gusts in the wing root and at the fuselage mid-body decreased by 20%, with simultaneous increase observed in the flexure-pylon flutter speed.     

A novel stochastic collocation method for uncertainty propagation in complex mechanical systems

This paper presents a novel stochastic collocation method based on the equivalent weak form of multivariate function integral to quantify and manage uncertainties in complex mechanical systems. The proposed method, which combines the advantages of the response surface method and the traditional stochastic collocation method, only sets integral points at the guide lines of the response surface. The statistics, in an engineering problem with many uncertain parameters, are then transformed into a linear combination of simple functions’ statistics. Furthermore, the issue of determining a simple method to solve the weight-factor sets is discussed in detail. The weight-factor sets of two commonly used probabilistic distribution types are given in table form. Studies on the computational accuracy and efforts show that a good balance in computer capacity is achieved at present. It should be noted that it’s a non-gradient and non-intrusive algorithm with strong portability. For the sake of validating the procedure, three numerical examples concerning a mathematical function with analytical expression, structural design of a straight wing, and flutter analysis of a composite wing are used to show the effectiveness of the guided stochastic collocation method.