混凝土HJC、RHT本构模型的失效强度参数

通过对LS-DYNA、AUTODYN数值软件中混凝土HJC、RHT本构模型失效强度参数的分析计算,发现原始失效强度参数在较高静水压下将导致混凝土失效强度降低.提出了利用混凝土的特征强度确定HJC、RHT失效强度参数的方法,并通过计算得出了校验后的失效强度参数值.最后,使用校验前后的失效强度参数进行了混凝土侵彻实验的数值...     

高速弹丸侵彻混凝土性能数值模拟

利用ANSYS/LSDYNA软件，弹丸采用弹塑性硬化材料模型，混凝土采用HJC材料模型，并利用以前对弹丸侵彻混凝土研究所得到的材料参数，对同截卵、尖卵两种头形且尺寸和重量都较大的弹丸侵彻混凝土的侵彻性能进行了数值模拟研究。由于弹靶尺寸特征相差较大，在现有计算条件下，给建模和分析带来了较大困难，为了能将计算规模控制在可求解的范围内，我们采用二维模型来分析研究弹丸的高速侵彻能力，采用三维模型来研究当弹丸带有—定攻角和着角时其在进入隧道段之前的行为。     

水泥砂浆抗弹性能研究

对于水泥砂浆的抗弹性能研究,目前很少考虑靶体所处的应力状态,为此基于自研的真三轴静载混凝土侵彻实验装置和水泥砂浆抗弹性能实验结果,讨论了水泥砂浆在不同应力状态下的开坑深度和开坑阻力。应用侵彻深度的经验公式和基于HJC模型的有限元数值计算方法,对比分析了水泥砂浆侵彻实验,结果表明,对于低速冲击过程,采用UMIST公式和HJC模型的数值分析对开坑深度的预测较为有效。应力状态对开坑深度有明显的影响,即随着侧限增加,水泥砂浆的三轴强度提高,弹丸的开坑深度减小。应用基于HJC模型的数值分析方法,研究了弹丸开坑过程中弹体内的加速度波形和y轴支撑杆上的波形,结果表明:弹丸开坑过程对两种波形都有影响,其中y轴支撑杆上的波形可以更好地反映开坑过程。虽然数值模拟结果与实验波形的趋势基本一致,但是应力幅值有一定的差异,说明基于HJC模型的数值分析对开坑阻力的计算能力尚待提高。     

混凝土薄板侵彻贯穿问题的SPH数值模拟

随着混凝土结构强度的不断提高,越来越多的防护工事选择混凝土作为主要建筑材料。在光滑粒子流体动力学方法的基础上,提出了TCK-HJC复合本构模型,对锥形弹刚性侵彻过程中混凝土薄板的变形损伤进行数值模拟,采用拟流体模型处理失效的混凝土碎片,分析了不同侵彻角(0°,60°)下锥形弹侵彻混凝土薄板的变形过程,得到了薄板的压力分布以及失效混凝土碎片的飞散角度,并与实验进行对比。结果表明,数值模拟方法是合理的,为进一步研究脆性材料的力学性能奠定了技术基础。     

长杆侵彻中材料参数对侵彻性能的影响

采用LS-DYNA程序研究长杆侵彻中材料参数对侵彻性能的影响.在弹塑性流体本构模型中,描述材料属性的主要参数有失效应变、屈服强度、剪切模量.通过对钨合金杆侵彻半无限厚铝合金靶的一系列数值计算,分析上述参数对侵彻深度的影响.数值结果表明,失效应变是影响侵深的主要参数,而屈服强度和剪切模量对侵深的影响较小.在此基础上,对着速在785 m·s^-1~1 924 m·s^-1范围内的长杆侵彻问题进行数值模拟,计算结果与试验数据符合较好.     

聚能射流对氧化铝陶瓷靶的侵彻特性研究

 建立了考虑损伤的求解靶板阻力的理论模型,以此来评估陶瓷靶板的抗侵彻能力;数值模拟了长杆弹侵彻氧化铝陶瓷靶的破坏特性,结合实验结果确定了氧化铝陶瓷本构模型中的材料参数。建立了聚能射流侵彻氧化铝陶瓷靶的计算模型,对射流的形成机理及氧化铝陶瓷靶的抗侵彻性能进行研究,讨论了药型罩的几何尺寸对所形成的射流速度及侵彻深度的影响。结果表明：药型罩的锥角和壁厚增大,射流速度减小,壁厚对射流速度梯度的影响较大;同样,药型罩的锥角对侵彻深度也有较大的影响。     

冲击载荷下混凝土本构模型构建研究

 在对混凝土动态力学性能和现有本构模型综合分析的基础上，构建了一个新的适用于冲击响应问题数值分析的混凝土本构模型。该本构模型全面考虑了压力、应力第三不变量、变形的硬化和软化、应变率强化以及拉伸损伤等各个影响因素。将其加入LTZ-2D程序，确定了本构模型参数，对混凝土靶板的穿透问题进行了数值验证分析。计算得到的弹体剩余速度同实验结果基本一致，同时得到了混凝土靶板破裂的计算图像。计算结果及其分析表明，所构建的本构模型能够较好地反映冲击载荷作用下混凝土动态响应的主要特性。     

钢筋混凝土靶板在弹丸冲击及爆炸载荷下响应的数值模拟

 采用HJC混凝土损伤本构模型及LS-DYNA的流固耦合算法,分别对钢筋混凝土靶板在弹丸冲击和爆炸载荷作用下的响应进行了有限元数值模拟,其中模拟参数由实验数据拟合重新获取。将模拟结果与实验结果和经验公式进行对比分析,结果表明：数值模拟再现了弹体贯穿靶板过程中的开坑、隧道及漏斗碎裂区,计算得到的弹体弹道极限及残余速度与实验数据吻合较好;此外,数值模拟也很好地再现了炸药爆炸后冲击波的传播过程以及爆炸载荷作用下混凝土的破坏情况,模拟结果与实验现象具有良好的一致性。     

地质材料的本构模型

在分析混凝土和土等地质材料的动态力学性能的基础之上，构建了一个可以用来数值模拟动能弹侵彻地质材料的力学过程的本构模型。     

SPH方法在宽速域岩石侵彻问题中的应用

采用光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)方法对花岗岩靶板受碰撞侵彻的大应变、高应变率变形问题进行了数值模拟。为了描述弹目材料的非线性变形及破坏特性,对花岗岩靶板引入了Holmquist-Johnson-Cook(HJC)本构模型及损伤模型,对弹体引入含损伤的Johnson-Cook(J-C)本构方程和Grüneisen状态方程,靶板与弹体均离散成拉格朗日粒子。通过自编程序仿真计算0～4 m/s的着靶速度下花岗岩靶板的三维侵彻过程,对比分析了钢珠在不同弹体条件下的侵彻结果,在固体侵彻、半流体侵彻和流体侵彻的区域内拟合了侵彻深度随着靶速度的变化曲线。数值计算结果显示,侵彻深度随着靶速度的增加在固体侵彻区间(v01421 m/s)呈现递增趋势,在半流体侵彻区间(1421 m/s?v0?1700 m/s)呈现递减趋势,在流体侵彻区间(v0 1700 m/s)呈现递增趋势并逐渐趋于平滑,达到峰值。     

遗传算法优化BaTiO3壳模型势参数

本文应用灵敏度分析方法从BaTiO₃壳模型众多参数中找到对结构和性能影响最为明显的主要参数,将次要参数常数化,降低优化问题的维数;然后应用遗传算法对主要参数进行优化.优化结果表明,势参数可以较准确地模拟结构、力学性能以及相变过程. 关键词： 壳模型 灵敏度分析 遗传算法     

Adjoint-based sensitivity analysis of flames

Simulation of chemically reacting flows using detailed chemistry introduces a large number of chemistry model parameters. While not all significantly affect the target outcomes of a simulation, the parameters that do are not always known a priori. In order to improve simulations for specified target outcomes, termed quantities of interest (QoIs), the sensitivity of these QoIs to the model parameters are needed. However, evaluating the sensitivities is computationally expensive, especially for complex fuels that may involve many parameters. For these simulations, the forward sensitivity method requires the solution of an additional number of governing equations proportional to the number of parameters. Here, an adjoint sensitivity approach is formulated where the computational cost scales as the number of QoIs and not the number of parameters. Specifically, adjoint equations are derived for laminar, incompressible, variable density reacting flow and applied to hydrogen flame simulations. From the solution of the corresponding adjoint equations, sensitivity of the QoIs to chemistry model parameters is calculated. The one-dimensional simulation results show that the adjoint sensitivity results closely match those of forward sensitivity methods, thus providing validation of the adjoint method. The two-dimensional simulation results indicate the most sensitive parameters for two QoIs, flame tip temperature and NOx emission. For these tests, the adjoint method reduces computational expense compared to forward sensitivity methods by a factor proportional to the number of QoIs over the number of parameters, here 2/172. Such savings can be more drastic for cases that involve complex fuels, such as combustion of jet fuel, requiring thousands of chemistry model parameters. Further, this sensitivity information can be used in development of experiments by pointing out which are the critical chemistry model parameters.     

Modelling alkali metal emissions in large-eddy simulation of a preheated pulverised-coal turbulent jet flame using tabulated chemistry

The numerical modelling of alkali metal reacting dynamics in turbulent pulverised-coal combustion is discussed using tabulated sodium chemistry in large eddy simulation (LES). A lookup table is constructed from a detailed sodium chemistry mechanism including five sodium species, i.e. Na, NaO, NaO₂, NaOH and Na₂O₂H₂, and 24 elementary reactions. This sodium chemistry table contains four coordinates, i.e. the equivalence ratio, the mass fraction of the sodium element, the gas-phase temperature, and a progress variable. The table is first validated against the detailed sodium chemistry mechanism by zero-dimensional simulations. Then, LES of a turbulent pulverised-coal jet flame is performed and major coal-flame parameters compared against experiments. The chemical percolation devolatilisation (CPD) model and the partially stirred reactor (PaSR) model are employed to predict coal pyrolysis and gas-phase combustion, respectively. The response of the five sodium species in the pulverised-coal jet flame is subsequently examined. Finally, a systematic global sensitivity analysis of the sodium lookup table is performed and the accuracy of the proposed tabulated sodium chemistry approach has been calibrated.     

Analysis and Numerical Calculations of the Beam-Wave Interaction for Gyroklystron Amplifiers

A four-cavity gyroklystron was designed and optimized after analysis and calculation of RF system and magnetron injection gun, numerical simulations showed that the TE₀₁₁ mode gyroklystron achieved 280kW peak output power, 38% efficiency, 35dB saturated gain with 250Mhz bandwidth centered at 34GHz for a 68 kV, 11A electron beam. The numerical simulation results were used to build a Ka band high power gyroklystron amplifier. In this paper, analysis and numerical calculation results of the beam-wave interaction are presented. The influences of electron beam, RF system parameters, magnetic field, and input RF signal on output power, efficiency, bandwidth and gain are discussed.     

On the behavior of spray combustion in a turbulent spatially-evolving jet investigated by direct numerical simulation

Detailed investigations of turbulent spray combustion are very challenging due to the complexity of the underlying physicochemical processes. Experimentally, laboratory-scale burners are increasingly used to investigate these processes and support model development. One ultimate objective of these studies would be to deliver suitable benchmark data. In the present paper, the focus is similar but relying exclusively on direct numerical simulations. Conditions close that found in lab-scale burners are considered in the simulations, so that direct comparisons will ultimately become possible. The current analysis concentrates on the temporal evolution of temperature and concentrations of OH, CH₂O, and CH₄. The profiles of these variables show very complex features, therefore separate zones corresponding to characteristic physicochemical regimes have been tracked in time and space. It is found that, based on the temperature profile, four different zones coexist in the domain, associated to different degrees of competition between evaporation and reaction. It is observed that high concentrations of CH₂O and CH₄ can be used to delineate between three characteristic locations: 1) the evaporation zone; 2) close to the jet tip, at high temperatures; and 3) regions where evaporated droplets are entrained by mixing. This study demonstrates that direct numerical simulation of small spray burners can be used to deliver important information and to contribute useful benchmark data.     

Miscibility of In x Ga1−x As alloys: a study using atomistic simulations

Atomistic simulations are used in combination with the two potential energy functions, namely, the Valence Force Field (VFF) model and the Tersoff model, to study the solution thermodynamics of In _x Ga_1?x As alloy. The simulation data, in the form of a T ? x diagram, is contrasted with the results obtained by using the Ho and Stringfellow approach. It is observed that for the VFF model, the upper critical solution temperature obtained from simulation data is approximately 850 K, which is higher than the 729 K predicted by the Ho and Stringfellow treatment. The composition range for which the two-phase heterogeneous region exists is wider than that predicted by the Ho and Stringfellow approach. The Tersoff model predicts a complex miscibility diagram, where the 850 K temperature corresponds to the approximate ‘eutectic’ temperature. Further improvement of model predictions may be made possible by investigation of temperature and composition dependent interaction parameter in a modified regular solution theory, and investigation of non-random, non-ideal solution models in the Ho and Stringfellow treatment, development of temperature dependent VFF model parameters and adjustment of Tersoff model parameters to account for longer range interactions which exist at temperatures above 850 K. The miscibility diagram constructed using the Tersoff model simulation data can be used to provide information on the phase stability and equilibrium Indium content at any given temperature for the crystalline solid solution.     

Theoretical and computer simulation study of density fluctuations in liquid binary alloys

The dynamical properties of liquid alloys are investigated by means of memory function equations and molecular-dynamics simulation. A simple model for the second-order memory function in a binary liquid, based on Mori's memory function formalism, is proposed and applied in numerical calculations of the time correlation functions and dynamic structure factor of liquid K_0.7Cs_0.3 and K_0.3Cs_0.7 alloys. Obtained results are discussed in comparison with the results of computer simulations. Received: 27 February 1998 / Revised: 24 July 1998 / Accepted: 27 July 1998