基于光子晶体波导定向耦合的光子晶体分/合频器

在完整二维光子晶体中引入线缺陷后,就形成了光子晶体波导。将时域有限差分法(FDTD)和平面波法作为光子晶体理论研究的工具。研究结果表明,光子晶体波导之间的耦合遵循普通介质波导耦合的一般规律,有定向耦合的功能;将两个具有不同耦合长度的光子晶体波导定向耦合器顺序集成在一起,可以组成一个三波长的光子晶体分/合频器。     

光子晶体波导定向耦合器

在完整二维光子晶体中引入线缺陷后，就形成了光子晶体波导；将时域有限差分方法(FDTD)用于光子晶体波导耦合研究，计算了不同耦合长度情形下的波导各个出口处的透过率，结果表明：光子晶体波导耦合遵循普通介质波导耦合的一般规律，也有定向耦合的功能。进一步的研究表明：对于不同的频率，光子晶体定向耦合器耦合系数是不同的，并且耦合系数和对应的频率之间近似直线关系。     

双芯光子晶体光纤宽带定向耦合器研究

利用半矢量有限差分法设计了具有低折射率双芯的光子晶体光纤宽带定向耦合器,并数值计算了双芯光子晶体光纤的结构参量对耦合性能的影响.数值结果表明,通过优化选取光子晶体光纤包层结构参量和纤芯掺杂浓度,双芯光子晶体光纤耦合器可以实现宽带耦合.在1.22~1.65 μm 波长范围内其耦合长度稳定在26637 nm±235 nm范围内,耦合器设计成耦合比为50%和10%,分别实现了耦合比为（50±0.702）%和（10±0.664）%的良好特性.     

光子晶体定向耦合三波长功分器

以二维三角晶格光子晶体为研究对象,在该光子晶体中引入两行以一行耦合介质柱为间距的平行单模线缺陷波导.通过分析和研究光子晶体波导耦合结构的耦合和解耦合特性,发现在不同频率下耦合波导的耦合长度不同.利用平面波展开法和定向耦合原理计算了在不同入射光频率下,缺陷波导间耦合波导的耦合长度,设计了一种新型超微光子晶体波导耦合型三波长功分器,实现了归一化频率分别为0.369、0.394、0.435的光波的分束效果.采用时域有限差分法验证了该功分器具有很好的功率分配效果.本文结果有助于光子晶体新型滤波器、定向耦合器、波分复用器、偏振光分束器以及光开关等光子器件的研究.     

跑道型结构光子晶体波导定向耦合器

鉴于波导定向耦合器在集成光路以及光电集成方面的广泛应用,提出了一种基于光子晶体波导间高效耦合的光子晶体定向耦合器。通过主波导和耦合波导间的耦合,可以实现对波长为1 490 nm和1 550 nm电磁波的高效分光。在将器件长度控制在30 μm左右的同时,其总效率高达93.05%。另外,发现主波导和耦合波导间介质柱结构参数对电磁波的耦合周期有着极大的影响。并通过将介质柱沿z方向拉伸0.1a(a为晶格周期),设计了工作波长为1 530 nm和1 540 nm的光子晶体定向耦合器,器件长度仅为60 μm。通过拉伸介质柱的纵向长度,可以大幅减小耦合周期,这对缩小器件体积以及实现更为密集的波分复用有着重要的意义。     

用于X波段模块化相对论速调管放大器在线测量的紧凑型定向耦合器设计

为实现模块化相对论速调管放大器功率、频率和相位的在线测量,对紧凑型高定向性高带宽的定向耦合器进行了仿真和实验研究。利用小孔耦合理论和相位叠加原理进行理论分析,设计了一种双孔紧凑型定向耦合器,在此基础上采用主、副波导正交连接,耦合孔沿轴向和角向二维分布的方法,进一步缩短了耦合器的长度。通过电磁仿真对耦合器各参数进行优化,模拟结果表明：当中心频率为10 GHz时,普通双孔定向耦合器对TM01模式的耦合度为-60.68 dB,在250 MHz的带宽内定向性大于20 dB,此时耦合区长度为3.49 cm。改进型定向耦合器对TM01模式的耦合度为-58.1 dB,在300 MHz的带宽内定向性大于20 dB,此时耦合区长度仅为1.8 cm（约0.6λ）。耦合器的冷腔实验测量结果与仿真结果符合较好。     

光子晶体异质结耦合波导光开关

以二维三角晶格光子晶体为研究对象,在该光子晶体中引入两行平行的单模线缺陷波导,以一行耦合介质柱为间距,通过调节部分耦合介质柱的折射率,构筑了光子晶体异质结耦合波导光开关结构。利用平面波展开法和定向耦合原理计算了在不同入射光频率下,缺陷波导间耦合介质柱的折射率不同时的耦合长度,确定了合适的光子晶体异质结耦合波导光开关的结构参数。利用时域有限差分法研究了该光开关中耦合介质柱的折射率变化及异质结构介质柱的位置分布对光信号输出路径的影响。结果表明,通过改变该结构中耦合介质柱的折射率可以改变光的输出路径,可实现光的开关行为。并且异质结构介质柱位置的随机分布对该光开关的影响不大,有助于光子晶体新型滤波器、定向耦合器、波分复用器以及光开关等光子器件的研究。     

二维正方晶格光子晶体三光波导方向耦合器

光子晶体是以介电常数呈周期性排布且在光波长量级构建的人工微结构,利用其具有光子禁带这一特性可实现对光子的控制。引入线缺陷可形成光子晶体波导。以1.55μm的TE偏振光作为光源,用时域有限差分法计算并分析了二维正方晶格光子晶体三光波导方向耦合器在不同波导间距下的耦合长度及耦合效率分别与介质柱折射率和介质柱半径的变化关系。研究结果为1.55μm耦合器的结构设计及制备提供一定的理论指导。     

梯形截面硅基水平多槽纳米线定向耦合器全矢量分析

定向耦合器是构成各类光子器件的基础元件. 本文采用一种基于电场分量的全矢量有限元法, 分析由梯形截面硅基水平多槽纳米线构成的定向耦合器. 给出了准TE与准TM偶、奇模有效折射率、耦合长度及模场分布, 揭示了其模式的混合特性及模场分布特点. 分析结果表明, 准TE模与准TM模的耦合长度随波导间距的增大均呈指数增长, 其中准TE模的耦合长度对波导侧壁倾角的变化敏感, 而准TM模的耦合长度对槽厚及槽折射率的变化敏感. 恰当选择结构与材料参数, 可实现两偏振态下相同耦合长度, 定向耦合器在偏振无关条件下工作.     

基于光子晶体腔链的量子态传输及相位门的实现

研究了光子晶体腔链中任意两奇数节点间量子态传输及相位门实现的问题。发现在绝热条件下,通过求解原子和光子晶体腔链耦合模型的暗态,可实现一维光子晶体耦合腔链中两个腔之间二维量子态的传输及可控相位门。在量子态传输的过程中若原子与腔的耦合强度足够大,腔的激发态的布居数小到可以被忽略。最后讨论了腔链的长度与相位门保真度的关系以及腔链的长度、初态的制备、腔的衰减、原子与腔的耦合强度对量子态传输保真度的影响。     

Directional coupler design based on coupled cavity waveguides in photonic crystals

We propose a directional coupler design based on coupled cavity waveguide in photonic crystals. The plane wave expansion is used to give the dispersion of the coupled cavity waveguides and two parallel such waveguides. The couple length is got from the dispersion curves. Based on the research of the dispersion, we present a directional coupler and the transmission property is given. This structure is potentially important for highly efficient directional coupler in integrate optical circuit.     

Photonic crystal fiber design for broadband directional coupling

A novel design for a broadband directional coupler based on a photonic crystal fiber is investigated numerically. It is shown that suitable index-depressing doping of the core regions in an index-guiding twin-core photonic crystal fiber can stabilize the coupling coefficient between the cores over an extremely broad (octave-spanning) frequency range.     

Photonic Crystal Polarizing and Non-Polarizing Beam Splitters

A polarizing beam splitter （PBS） and a non-polarizing beam splitter （NPBS） based on a photonic crystal （PC） directional coupler are demonstrated. The photonic crystal directional coupler consists of a hexagonal lattice of dielectric pillars in air and has a complete photonic band gap. The photonic band structure and the band gap map are calculated using the plane wave expansion （PWE） method. The splitting properties of the splitter are investigated numerically using the finite difference time domain （FDTD） method.     

Instability of Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in a Fiber Ring Resonator

We investigate theoretically the instability of transient stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in a high- finesse fiber ring resonator consisting of a fiber ring and directional coupler. Unlike many reports to date, the linear phase detuning of the cavity is taken into account. It is found that SBS instabilities including the self-pulsing and chaotic behavior can occur even if the length of the fiber resonator is very short. SBS instabilities depend strongly on the linear phase detuning, the input power, and the coupling coefficient of the coupler.     

Dispersion properties of coupled waveguides with loss and gain: a full-vectorial analysis

Waveguide structures with a balance of loss and gain have been frequently discussed in the photonic community not only as photonic analogues of quantum-mechanical systems with parity-time (PT) symmetry (breaking), but also as components with potentially interesting technical applications. In this contribution, properties of mutually coupled photonic waveguides with loss and gain are numerically analyzed using our proprietary full-vectorial Fourier modal method. Beside the classical case of a directional coupler with a balance of loss and gain, more general waveguide coupler structures exhibiting the behaviour analogous to PT-symmetry breaking, potentially applicable for photonic switching, are analyzed, too. For applications, simultaneous mutually balanced change of both loss and gain is evidently impractical. For a directional coupler structure with loss in one channel and gain in the other channel it is shown by rigorous numerical modelling that the behaviour analogous to PT-symmetry breaking can be realized by varying gain (or loss) only. Finally, it is confirmed by rigorous numerical modelling that the exceptional point does exist also in a very high-contrast asymmetric structure of a plasmonic directional coupler with strongly localized gain in one channel.     

Ultracompact resonant filters in photonic crystals

A novel design for an ultracompact, high-Q notch-rejection filter is presented, and an analytic expression for the transmission properties is derived. This folded directional coupler shares the properties of a Fabry-Perot resonator and a directional coupler. We compare and contrast the device to high-Q Fabry-Perot cavities in photonic crystal waveguides.     

双光子吸收对光子晶体定向耦合全光开关的影响

 利用时域有限差分方法,在非线性条件下,考虑双光子吸收效应的同时,建立了分析2维光子晶体定向耦合波导光开关的模型。数值计算结果表明,对于长度较短的波导耦合器件,在强控制光和非线性条件下,双光子吸收效应会对波导的耦合作用产生一定的影响,从而改变入射光的透射特性,使光开关控制的动态过程发生变化。故而在设计全光开关器件时,对强控制光条件下的非线性双光子吸收效应有必要作为影响因素考虑进去。     

A novel architecture of ultracompact pulse position modulator in photonic crystals

We propose and analyze a novel photonic crystal pulse position modulator utilizing a coupled cavity waveguide delay line. Also, a nonlinear photonic crystal directional coupler is used as an all-optical switch in the proposed structure. The input data acts as the control signal of the switch and activates the switching operation. We show that the device size can be reduced significantly by designing the delay line to achieve a reduced group velocity and a quasi-flat impurity band. The size of the designed modulator is 32a × 16a, where a represents the lattice constant of the photonic crystal. The characteristics of the device are investigated by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) and plane wave expansion (PWE) methods.