一维压电Fibonacci类准周期声子晶体传输特性

基于传输矩阵法研究了一维压电Fibonacci类准周期声子晶体的传输特性, 比较了一维Fibonacci序列压电准周期声子晶体与非压电准周期声子晶体以及压电周期性声子晶体的透射性. 计算结果表明:弹性波通过一维准周期结构压电声子晶体时与周期性声子晶体一样会有带隙的出现, 且发现具有压电性的Fibonacci序列准周期声子晶体禁带宽度发生了展宽. 进一步讨论了入射角度对固定频率下声子透射系数的影响,结果表明一维压电Fibonacci序列准周期结构声子透射性依赖于入射角度的选取.     

广义Fibonacci准周期结构声子晶体透射性质的研究

提出了一维广义Fibonacci准周期结构的声子晶体模型. 对弹性波通过该一维准周期结构声子晶体的透射系数进行数值计算,并与周期结构和标准Fibonacci准周期结构声子晶体的透射系数进行比较. 结果表明,利用一维广义Fibonacci准周期结构的声子晶体可获得比周期结构和标准Fibonacci准周期结构声子晶体更大的带隙范围,同时在带隙内有更丰富的局域模式存在. 对局域模性质的研究有助于声波或弹性波滤波器的制作. 关键词： 广义Fibonacci准周期结构 声子晶体 局域化     

弹性波通过一维复合材料系统的透射性质

提出了不同结构的一维弹性波复合材料系统模型,包括一维周期结构声子晶体、标准Fibonacci准周期结构声子晶体、广义Fibonacci准周期结构声子晶体以及完全无序结构的复合材料系统. 采用模式匹配理论法,数值计算了弹性波通过一维复合材料系统的透射系数. 计算结果表明,利用特殊的准周期结构声子晶体可获得比周期结构声子晶体更宽的带隙范围,准周期结构排列的复合材料系统相当于在周期结构中引入了缺陷体一样,带隙内出现了丰富的局域模式. 对弹性波/声波在复合材料系统中局域态性质的研究有助于弹性波/声波滤波器、导波器 关键词： 弹性波复合材料 局域化     

基于声子晶体板的弹性波拓扑保护边界态

基于声子晶体拓扑特性构造的弹性波拓扑态在波调控方面具有背散射抑制和路径缺陷免疫等优异特性,受到广泛关注.本文设计了一种声子晶体板结构,通过在初始元胞中引入具有一定旋转角度的三角形穿孔实现对称性破缺,从而构造四重简并态.与现有利用能带"区域折叠"进行构造的方法相比,该方法简化了声子晶体的元胞构型.元胞的主要变量为三角形穿孔围绕其中心旋转角度θ,研究发现,旋转角度θ=0°时,元胞能带结构存在两个二重简并态,调整旋转角度到±33°时,布里渊区中心G点处出现四重简并态,并发现旋转角度越过±33°时均会发生能带反转,这表明调整晶体结构参数θ使得体系经历拓扑相变.利用具有不同拓扑相的声子晶体组成超元胞,并通过计算其投影能带,发现能带结构中存在弹性波带隙以及不同赝自旋方向的两种边界态.在此基础上,构造多种不同类型的弹性声子晶体板,验证了拓扑边界态对弹性波传播的强背散射抑制、缺陷免疫单向传播和多波导通道开关特性.本文中所设计的弹性声子晶体板具有结构简单、特性易调的特点,为利用拓扑态实现弹性波调控提供了一个可行方案.     

二维复式声子晶体中基元配置对声学能带结构的影响

研究了二维复式声子晶体中基元配置对其声学能带结构的影响,发现当声子晶体的基元配置改变时,声子晶体的不可约布里渊区也会改变,而且部分能带的极值不再在高对称线上.特别地,在某些基元配置下,不可约布里渊区扩大为整个第一布里渊区.因此,对于对称性较高的复式晶格声子晶体,可用通常的方法得到能带结构,而对于对称性较低的复式晶格结构声子晶体,只有采用对整个第一布里渊区进行研究的方法,才能获得可信的能带结构及带隙.     

超元胞方法研究平移群对称性对声子带隙的影响

采用基于超元胞的平面波展开法，计算了由水银(水)正四棱柱体按正方格子排列于水(水银)基体中所组成的两种声子晶体的能带结构.通过改变两相邻的柱体底面边长之比来改变声子晶体的平移群对称性.结果发现，改变相邻柱体的底面边长之比，具有很好的调节声学带隙的作用.研究表明，声子晶体的平移群对称性对于其带隙的形成具有重要影响,同时还表明,超元胞方法也是研究声子晶体平移群对称性影响声子带隙形成的一种有效方法. 关键词： 声子晶体 带隙 对称性     

二维正方晶格多点缺陷声子晶体实验研究

基于超声浸水透射技术, 实验研究了有限尺寸二维正方晶格钢/水声子晶体多点缺陷模态性质. 利用COMSOL Multiphysics软件建立该声子晶体有限元计算方法, 求解了9×9超胞多点缺陷声子晶体能带结构, 把缺陷局域模态频率与数值仿真和实验结果进行对比, 结果表明: 实验数据和理论值能够很好符合. 进一步分析发现, 点缺陷数量影响声波局域效应、本征模态和传播特性, 为设计有限尺寸声波器件提供理论依据. 关键词： 声子晶体 多点缺陷 实验研究 有限元     

基于线缺陷声子晶体的声波导设计

在含缺陷的声子晶体中,缺陷模的声波能量被局限在缺陷处,据此设计了由花岗岩柱体按周期排列在空气中形成的二维线缺陷声子晶体型声波导.采用平面波展开法数值模拟了该模型的能带结构,确定最佳的排列形式以及缺陷能带的频率范围.测量了透过声子晶体的声压强,确定缺陷能带.实验结果证实线缺陷声子晶体对缺陷模具有明显的声波导作用.     

一维准周期结构声子晶体透射性质的研究

提出了一维准周期结构的声子晶体模型.对弹性波通过该一维准周期结构声子晶体的透射系数进行了数值计算，并与周期结构的透射系数进行了比较.计算结果表明，弹性波通过一维准周期结构声子晶体时，同样会有带隙的出现，且带隙所在频率范围与周期结构的情形完全一样，不同的是在准周期结构声子晶体中，带隙内有很强的局域共振模.对此局域模性质的研究有助于声波或弹性波滤波器的制作. 关键词： 准周期结构 声子晶体 局域化     

二维复式格子声子晶体带隙结构特性

借助于平面波展开法分析了二维复式格子声子晶体能带结构，计算了铝合金柱体按周期性结构排列在空气中形成的二维固/气复合体系的声子晶体，给出了复式蜂窝格子和复式Kagome格子的能带结构，进而对比分析了复式格子和简单格子的能带结构特性.结果表明，与简单格子相比，复式格子的带隙出现在频率相对较低的位置；在f=0.091—0.6046范围内，将声子晶体排列为复式格子要优于简单格子，可以得到更宽带隙.此外，引入了带隙分布图，讨论了填充系数f对带隙数目、带隙宽度以及带隙上下边界频率的影响. 关键词： 声子晶体 复式格子 带隙 平面波算法     

Interplay of local resonances and Bragg band gaps in acoustic waveguides with periodic detuned resonators

This letter is concerned with acoustic wave propagation and transmission in acoustic waveguides with periodically grafted detuned Helmholtz resonators. The interplay of local resonances and Bragg band gaps in such periodic systems is examined. It is shown that, when the resonant frequencies of the resonators are tuned close to a Bragg band gap, the behavior of the Bragg band gap can be affected dramatically. Particularly, by introducing appropriately tuned resonators, the bandwidth of a Bragg band gap can be reduced to zero, leading to a very narrow pass band with great wave attenuation performance near both band edges. The band formation mechanisms of such periodic waveguides are further examined, providing explicit formulae to locate the band edge frequencies of all the band gaps, as well as the conditions to achieve very narrow pass bands in such periodic waveguides.     

Influence of place synchrony on detection of a sinusoid

A series of experiments was performed to study the ability of the ear to code the temporal envelope of a waveform as demonstrated by comodulation masking release (CMR). The stimulus for all experiments was composed of a tone-burst signal, a 100-Hz-wide masker band centered at the signal frequency, and a second 100-Hz-wide noise band of variable frequency, the cue band. The cue band had a temporal envelope which was either correlated with or independent of that of the masker. The signal was a 100-Hz tone burst for most experiments. For the monotic stimulus, the correlated cue band results in lowered signal detection thresholds over a range extending from around 2/3 oct below the signal frequency to 1/3 oct above that frequency. When measured dichotically, with the signal and masker band in one ear and the cue band in the opposite ear, that effective range is expanded but the detection threshold shifts are a bit smaller. The greatest CMR is observed when the stimulus is presented diotically. With regard to effects of level and frequency, our data show CMR increasing with increasing stimulus level for a cue band lower in frequency than the signal, but show little effect of level for a cue band higher in frequency. Similarly, CMR increases with increasing stimulus frequency when the cue band is lower in frequency, but shows little effect of frequency for a cue band higher in frequency.     

基于像素法用模拟退火-遗传算法搜索一维宽带隙光子晶体

将一维光子晶体用像素填充法进行二进制编码,把模拟退火、遗传算法、模拟退火-遗传混合算法与传输矩阵法结合,搜索、计算了一维光子晶体结构和能带,找到了全方位相对禁带宽度高达43.53%的四层结构和43.76%的两层结构,并给出了一维四层结构光子晶体的能带图及其4个原胞的反射率和透射率的频谱图;发现一维两层结构光子晶体的全方位禁带宽度对每层厚度的变化不敏感,但随着两种介质折射率差的增加而增大.     

一种简便的研究一维光子晶体禁带特征的新方法

利用光在一维光子晶体中传播的色散关系,提出了一种禁带边缘分析法,以研究一维光子晶体禁带特征的方法.该方法利用色散关系引入一个确定禁带边缘位置的函数F,F =0为禁带边缘的位置.通过绘出函数F的图线,由F =0确定禁带边缘的位置,进而分析得到禁带和允许带的特征.它避免了常用的特征矩阵法中对反射率复杂的数值计算,并能得到与特征矩阵法相同的结果.     

Comodulation masking release for various monaural and binaural combinations of the signal, on-frequency, and flanking bands

The threshold for a signal masked by a narrow band of noise centered at the signal frequency (the on-frequency band) may be reduced by adding to the masker a second band of noise (the flanking band) whose envelope is correlated with that of the first band. This effect is called comodulation masking release (CMR). These experiments examine two questions. (1) How does the CMR vary with the number and ear of presentation of the flanking band(s)? (2) Is it possible to obtain a CMR when a binaural masking level difference (BMLD) is already present, and vice versa? Thresholds were measured for a 400-ms signal in a continuous 25-Hz-wide noise centered at signal frequencies (fs) of 250, 1000, and 4000 Hz. This masker was presented either alone or with one or more continuous flanking bands whose envelopes were either correlated or uncorrelated with that of the on-frequency band; their frequencies ranged from 0.5fs to 1.5fs. CMRs were measured for six conditions in which the signal, the on-frequency band, and the flanking band(s) were presented in various monaural and binaural combinations. When a single flanking band was used, the CMR was typically around 2-3 dB. The CMR increased to 5-6 dB if an additional flanking band was added. The effect of the additional band was similar whether it was in the same ear as the original band or in the opposite ear. At the lowest signal frequency, a large CMR was observed in addition to a BMLD and vice versa. At the highest signal frequency, the extra release from masking was small. The results are interpreted in terms of the cues producing the CMR and the BMLD.     

Itinerant Topological Magnons in SU (2) Symmetric Topological Hubbard Models with Nearly Flat Electronic Bands

We show that a suitable combination of flat-band ferromagnetism,geometry and nontrivial electronic band topology can give rise to itinerant topological magnons.An SU(2) symmetric topological Hubbard model with nearly flat electronic bands,on a Kagome lattice,is considered as the prototype.This model exhibits ferromagnetic order when the lowest electronic band is half-filled.Using the numerical exact diagonalization method with a projection onto this nearly flat band,we can obtain the magnonic spectra.In the flat-band limit,the spectra exhibit distinct dispersions with Dirac points,similar to those of free electrons with isotropic hoppings,or a local spin magnet with pure ferromagnetic Heisenberg exchanges on the same geometry.Significantly,the non-flatness of the electronic band may induce a topological gap at the Dirac points,leading to a magnonic band with a nonzero Chern number.More intriguingly,this magnonic Chern number changes its sign when the topological index of the electronic band is reversed,suggesting that the nontrivial topology of the magnonic band is related to its underlying electronic band.Our work suggests interesting directions for the further exploration of,and searches for,itinerant topological magnons.     

高光谱成像的水稻螟虫蛀入检测方法

为了控制水稻螟虫预警和喷洒农药用量,实现对水稻螟虫虫害的无损检测,提出了基于主成分分析特征波段检测方法和基于迭代阈值的最优波段检测方法,确定了水稻茎秆螟虫检测的特征波段和最优波段,提取出单波段和组合波段的图像来分割虫孔,从而实现水稻螟虫的精准的无损检测。首先通过高光谱得到的120个样品反射率信息分析确定了光谱区域为450～1 000 nm。基于主成分分析特征波段检测方法,对高光谱图像进行主成分分析,通过前五个主成分图像比较确定第三主成分图像为最佳,然后根据第三主成分图像中各个波段的贡献率来选取特征波长（668.8和750 nm）,最后结合全局阈值分割和图像掩膜等图像处理方法实现对虫孔区域的判别。而利用基于迭代阈值的最优波段检测方法,在可见光波段450～750 nm范围和近红外波段750～1 000 nm范围内应用混合距离挑选最佳的单波段,通过单波段来确定组合波段,对单波段和组合波段进行迭代阈值分割,其中753.5 nm波长分割效果最好,故确定753.5 nm为最优波长,然后提取该波长的图像采用一种基于迭代阈值虫孔提取方法和形态学处理,最后能对水稻茎秆虫孔区域进行判别来实现水稻茎秆虫害是否存在。对60个虫害水稻茎秆和60个正常水稻茎秆进行检测,应用基于主成分分析特征波段检测方法在668.8和750 nm波长处检测率分别为95.8%和93.3%,而应用基于迭代阈值的最优波长检测方法在753.5 nm波长处检测率高达96.7%。说明利用基于迭代阈值的最优波长检测方法对水稻螟虫的检测更加精确,也说明所获取的特征波段和最优波段为以后水稻螟虫虫害的多光谱成像技术提供了理论参考。     

基于光子晶体的物质的量浓度测量研究

利用平面波展开法对二维光子晶体在H极化下的光子带隙进行数值计算。考虑了溶液温度和物质的量浓度对光子带隙的影响。结果表明,以半乳糖和木糖的水溶液作为空气孔中介质材料,当溶液物质的量浓度一定时,光子带隙随溶液温度的变化而改变;而当溶液温度一定时,光子带隙随溶液物质的量浓度发生变化。较高物质的量浓度和较高温度的溶液更容易形成光子带隙。在某些情况下,木糖的光子带隙大于半乳糖的光子带隙。     

Microscopic analysis of the valence band and impurity band theories of (Ga,Mn)As

We analyze microscopically the valence and impurity band models of ferromagnetic (Ga,Mn)As. We find that the tight-binding Anderson approach with conventional parametrization and the full potential local-density approximation+U calculations give a very similar band structure whose microscopic spectral character is consistent with the physical premise of the k·p kinetic-exchange model. On the other hand, the various models with a band structure comprising an impurity band detached from the valence band assume mutually incompatible microscopic spectral character. By adapting the tight-binding Anderson calculations individually to each of the impurity band pictures in the single Mn impurity limit and then by exploring the entire doping range, we find that a detached impurity band does not persist in any of these models in ferromagnetic (Ga,Mn)As.     

Indirekte Band-Band-Stoßrekombination in Germanium

Photoemission from Ge, caused by carrier injection via ap-n-junction was observed at a wavelength about 1 μm at room temperature. The dependence on energy, temperature and carrier density shows, that there appears a high energy tail of a radiative band to band recombination, which cannot be the tail of the usual radiative recombination in Ge. The intensity of the photoemission is proportional ton ² p ². The experimental results are explained as follows: Via indirect band to band Auger-recombination a hole is brought into the split-off band. In this band, the hole reaches thermal equilibrium with the lattice. While it remains in this band, it is able to recombine radiatively with electrons of the conduction band.