LNG船用超低温截止阀的低温试验瞬态特性研究

应用有限元分析软件ANSYS,对通径为DN80的LNG船用超低温截止阀低温试验状态进行了瞬态降温过程中温度的模拟与热力分析。分别对填料函温度以及阀门其他部分温度进行详细的研究分析,从而判定所设计的阀门阀颈长度是否合理,以及达到稳定状态时所需要的时间,并提出了一些建议。为超低温截止阀的结构设计提供了理论指导。     

固体材料低温比热测量技术综述

材料低温比热测量对新材料研究和应用具有重要意义,低温比热测量是低温物理研究领域最活跃的研究方向之一。对低温比热测量研究历史作了简单的介绍,对各种低温比热测量方法的原理、应用、发展进行了较全面的综述分析,对超低温、强磁场、放射性样品等特殊情况下比热测量作了讨论。     

ADS注入器Ⅱ10MeV加速器液氦分配系统设计

ADS注入器Ⅱ超导加速段的运行需要在4.2K(液氦)超低温环境下进行,针对注入器Ⅱ10MeV加速器低温恒温器的运行要求设计了一套液氦分配系统,该系统在满足加速器的低温恒温器工作的同时还具备给超导腔水平测试、垂直测试、磁铁测试等试验终端供液以及调节流量的功能。系统已应用于5 MeV加速器液氦的分配与调节以及超导腔垂直测试系统中,运行良好。重点介绍了液氦分配系统的工艺流程、阀箱的结构设计及调试运行情况。     

应用于超低温区二元复叠制冷系统热力学性能分析

本文以超低温区的R290/R170复叠制冷系统为对象,利用Aspen Hysys建立其理论模型,通过改变系统的各运行工况研究得出系统的COP、质量流量比m_L/m_H、低温级压缩机排气温度等参数的变化规律。结果表明：系统COP、质量流量比随低温级蒸发温度、冷凝器出口工质过冷度的升高而升高,随高温级冷凝温度、低温级工质过冷度、复叠温差的升高而降低。在满足超低温要求的前提下,复叠温差对系统性能的影响最为显著。     

应用于血液冷库的双级复叠系统的实验研究

本文结合天津大学土木馆某水泥低温试验冷库工程,模拟各大血站对RH阴性血液的超低温(-80℃)保存环境,设计并搭建了一套以R508B为低温工质、R404A为高温工质的复叠式制冷系统的超低温冷库,并对R404A/R508B复叠制冷系统的循环特性进行了研究。经实验验证,本系统达到了预期的性能要求,可提供对稀有血型良好的超低温保存环境。     

空气-地源双热源复合热泵低温制热特性实验研究

为缓解单一空气源热泵低温供热性能差的突出问题,设计了空气-地源双热源复合热泵系统。实验研究结果表明,即使在室外-15℃的超低温环境温度工况下,利用少量的低温地下水,复合热泵的制热量较单一空气源热泵提高近50%;能效比提高40%以上。     

ANSYS在低温压力容器应力分析与优化设计中的应用

介绍了大型有限元软件ANSYS在低温压力容器典型应力分析(不连续区局部应力分析、热应力分析、接触应力分析、复合材料应力分析)与优化设计中的应用,论证了ANSYS作为低温压力容器应力分析与优化设计有效手段的实用性和可靠性,为低温压力容器的应力分析和优化设计找到了一条新途径。     

带经济器的热泵型客车空调系统实验研究

开发并搭建了一套用于纯电动客车的带经济器补气型热泵空调系统实验台,进行了车外各低温环境温度不补气与补气模式下的供热性能实验研究。实验研究结果表明:在车外环境为-20℃超低温环境温度下,经济器补气型热泵空调系统较不补气热泵系统制热量增加54.98%,排气温度降低15℃左右,COP提高41.2%,可较好地解决普通热泵空调低温制热性能差的突出问题。     

液氧加注系统阀控瞬变危害性仿真研究

对液氧加注系统中的直流式低温截止阀进行二维模型建立,利用FLUENT动网格技术和UDF函数对液氧加注时阀门的关闭过程进行动态模拟,分析管道中低温液氧的瞬变过程,对不同关阀时间和不同加注流量下瞬变压强进行研究,结果表明:关阀所用时间越长、加注流量越小瞬变危害性越小。研究可为液氧加注系统阀门控制提供理论依据,减小低温加注时的不稳定性。     

基于Ansys的螺栓应力数值仿真及失效机理分析

针对某液氮输送管路低温工况下的螺栓断裂问题,首先进行了基于Ansys软件的应力仿真计算,对低温工况下螺栓的应力状态及分布等力学特性进行了分析。同时,采用宏观检测、微观检测和能谱分析、化学成分分析等方法,对螺栓断口进行了实效分析。结果表明,导致螺栓断裂的主要原因为应力腐蚀,断裂位置与Ansys仿真确定的最大应力区域相一致。     

低温阀门测试液氮储槽设计

介绍了DN15-DN400低温阀门性能测试测试系统中低温液氮储槽的设计研制方法,从低温储槽的绝热设计以及结构强度设计方面进行了详细介绍.低温储槽采用了新型的悬挂式结构,设计中采用ANSYS分析软件,对其在冷热交变下的应力变化以及结构强度进行了模拟,实际使用效果表明,低温液氮储槽完全达到设计要求.     

Computational fluid-dynamics-based analysis of a ball valve performance in the presence of cavitation

In this paper, the ball valve performance is numerically simulated using an unstructured CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) code based on the finite volume method. Navier-Stokes equations in addition to a transport equation for the vapor volume fraction were coupled in the RANS solver. Separation is modeled very well with a modification of turbulent viscosity. The results of CFD calculations of flow through a ball valve, based on the concept of experimental data, are described and analyzed. Comparison of the flow pattern at several opening angles is investigated. Pressure drop behind the ball valve and formation of the vortex flow downstream the valve section are also discussed. As the opening of the valve decreases, the vortices grow and cause higher pressure drop. In other words, more energy is lost due to these growing vortices. In general, the valve opening plays very important roles in the performance of a ball valve.     

电子膨胀阀应用于低温陈列柜制冷系统的节能研究

与热力膨胀阀相比,电子膨胀阀应用于陈列柜制冷系统,可以更为精确地控制其柜温及过热度。为进一步减小低温陈列柜制冷系统能耗,文中提出通过改变电子膨胀阀脉冲信号的控制策略以达到节能的目的。通过试验证明:与热力膨胀阀相比,可节能25%;同时可减小系统过热度,提高低温陈列柜制冷系统温度特性。为电子膨胀阀在低温制冷陈列柜中的应用提供参考依据。     

Cryogenically Cooled High-Pressure Hydrogen Cluster Jet Injection into the HL-2A Tokamak

The experimental set-up of SMBI system in HL-2A and the detail structure of the molecular beam valve with cooling trap are shown in Fig.l. The valve used for producing hydrogen cluster jet is a solenoid valve S99 with a nozzle orifice of 0.2 mm diameter. The distance between the nozzle of the valve and the edge plasma is about 1.28 m. A liquid nitrogen cryogenic trap is applied for cooling the valve body and decreasing the working gas temperature. The hydrogen cluster jet used for the experiments is in fact a free jet. For real gases, the adiabatic expansion of gas through a nozzle into vacuum results in substantial cooling in the frame of the moving gas. Atoms or molecules that interact weakly at low temperature can form clusters as a result. Attractive forces between atoms can be hydrogen bonding,     

Effect of grease type on abnormal vibration of ball bearing

The abnormal vibration of ball bearings lubricated with grease was studied. The test bearings were lubricated with three types of grease: Li soap/silicone oil grease, Na soap/mineral oil grease and Li soap/mineral oil grease. In the experiments, the axial-loaded ball bearings were operated at a constant rotational speed, and the vibration and the outer ring temperatures of the test bearings were measured. In addition, the shear stress and shear rate of the greases were measured by a rheometer. The experimental results showed that the abnormal vibration occurs on the test bearings lubricated with all three types of grease. Based on the experimental results, the generating mechanisms of the abnormal vibrations were discussed. From the discussions, it seems reasonable to conclude: (1) Li soap/silicone oil grease and Na soap/mineral oil grease both have a negative damping moment characteristic. The abnormal vibrations of the ball bearings lubricated with these greases are generated by the negative damping moment. (2) The abnormal vibration of the ball bearings lubricated with Li soap/mineral oil grease is generated by the decreasing positive damping moment of the grease due to the rising temperature.     

土壤源跨临界CO2循环热泵系统供暖的实验研究

对土壤源跨临界CO2热泵供暖系统进行了实验研究。研究了热泵系统连续及间歇运行时温度的变化情况,以及膨胀阀开度对系统运行性能的影响。研究表明间歇运行有利于土壤温度的恢复,从而提高蒸发温度;压缩机功率、制热量、气体冷却器出水温度随着排气压力的升高而增大,但COPH的变化是非单调的,在一定的压力范围内出现最大值。     

固体电解质Rb4Cu16I7Cl13制备及离子导电性研究

液态固体电解质材料的离子电导率低,安全性问题在一定程度上限制了其发展与应用,而固体电解质材料在室温下具有很好的稳定性和高的离子电导率值,具有较好的应用前景.本文采用机械化学球磨法制备固体电解质Rb₄Cu₁₆I₇Cl₁₃粉末,探索制备工艺和球磨参数,对其晶体结构进行解析、观察粉体微观结构、通过交流阻抗谱及等效电路分析得到了离子电导率与活化能、并详细探讨其离子传导性能与晶体结构的关系以及化学成分稳定性进行研究.实验结果表明,在480 rpm转速下球磨6 h时可得到纯的固体电解质Rb₄Cu₁₆I₇Cl₁₃物相.粉体晶粒尺寸分布均匀,均在20 nm-400 nm之间,室温下固体电解质Rb₄Cu₁₆I₇Cl₁₃离子电导率可达到0.213 S/cm且活化能为0.087(9)eV.在真空干燥条件下存放5天和12天后观察了微观形貌和化学稳定性...     

低温阀门冷态试验的稳态传热模拟与分析

利用有限元分析软件ANSYS对为控制20 K温度的氦气而设计的低温阀门在正常运行和冷态试验状态下的温度场进行模拟与分析。针对冷态试验状态下拉杆处出现冻结的问题,提出在上阀体处添加绝热层的方案,通过进一步的模拟计算预测其改进的效果。     

Characterization of nanostructured ceramics prepared by both high energy ball milling and fast firing sintering processes

High-energy ball milling technique was successfully applied to calcinated lead zirconate titanate (PZT 60/40) powders. After 20?h of ball milling, large PZT particles were completely broken down, reducing its initial size in three orders of magnitude. Experimental results show a huge sinterability enhancement of the PZT powders by using this technique, achieving its maximum sintering rate at ～800°C. Relatively low densities (～91%) were achieved in stoichiometric samples, while in 3% lead excess samples sintered at 950°C for 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120?min using a fast firing process and a post-annealing treatment at 800°C for 4 h, densities of ～97% of the theoretical were achieved. PZT nanostructured ceramics prepared under optimized processing conditions (60?h of powder milling, 950°C of sintering temperature, 60?min of sintering time and a post-annealing process at 800°C during 4?h) show high dielectric constant (ε′) values (900) and low dielectric loss (tan?δ) at room temperature and a ferroelectric-paraelectric transition temperature at 375°C.