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1.
核能湿氦气透平闭式循环探索研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
1前言前苏联于1954年建成世界首座核电站后,核能和平利用得到蓬勃发展。高温气冷堆(HTGR)受到重视,进展很大山,许多学者也在积极开展相应的能量转换系统的研究,最据代表性的是模块化高温气冷堆一氦气轮机闭式循环(MHR--GT)[‘-‘]。从能的梯级利用原理看,它在热力学上是不完善的,仍有较大提高性能的空间。本文基于总能系统概念l’],在核能Brayton闭式循环(NEBCC)l’]基础上,应用工质湿化循环原理l’,‘],探索一种新颖的核能湿氦气透平闭式循环(HHTCC)。它更能充分发挥高温堆的高温优势,是一种较理想的核…  相似文献   

2.
聚变实验增殖堆FEB-E放射性废物处置指标的计算   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
应用中子输运程序BISON3.0、增殖堆放射性计算程序FDKR、剂量率计算程序DOSE完成了聚变实验增殖堆FEB-E的放射性、核废物特性及废物处置额定容量(WDR)的计算。结果表明,在停堆以后几周内,FEB-E设计的经一壁和包层结构材料满足10CFR61C级核废物处置额定容量的要求。对包层中的重要锕系元素^232U、^237Np的含量也作了计算分析。  相似文献   

3.
利用北京正负电子对撞机(BEPC)上的北京谱仪(BES)收集的7.8×106个J/事例,测量得到J/-A,AAv和八八三个衰变道的分支比分别为Br(J/一A八):(l.08::0.06::0.24)x10-a,(VAAN<l.6xl0-‘(90%Cu,和&(U’)=(23l0.7ll0.8)l10-t:第一个衰变道的角分布为:(1、acos‘0),a=0.520.330.13。  相似文献   

4.
中国评价核数据库第二版(CENDL-2)包含54个用于核工程的重要核的全套中子核数据,入射中子能量为10^-5eV~20MeV采用国际通用ENDF/B6格式,现在中国计算机化核数字库已建成并投入使用,即用户在计算机终端上可通过完善的计算机软件系统系统在线使国际上几个先进的(包括中国)评价核数据库或EXFOR实验核数据库,直接进行核工程计算或数据评价,享用核数据库资源,为发展其核能和核技术应用服务。  相似文献   

5.
雷电电磁脉冲防护基本原理和初步实践经验   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
雷电电磁脉冲防护基本原理和初步实践经验关象石(北京华云克雷雷电防护工程技术有限责任公司,北京100081)(收稿日期:1998-04-28)BASICPRINCIPLESANDPRACTICEEXPERIENCEOFPROTECTIONAGAINST...  相似文献   

6.
本文用400nm和445nm脉冲激光激发测量了不同功率条件下的水溶酮卟啉Cu(NEAE)(4-N-乙酸酯基-吡啶基铜卟啉)及其与小牛胸腺脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)复合物的共振拉曼光谱。结果表明,Cu(NEAE)与DNA形成了电子激发态复合物。首次观察到激发态铜卟啉除拉曼谱带Ⅵ(~1370cm^-1)和Ⅷ(~1570cm^-1)外Ⅶ带(~1470cm^-1)也出现代表激发态复合物形成的额外峰。激发态复合  相似文献   

7.
Crystal Growth and Nonlinear Optical Properties of 4-Br-4'-Methoxychalcone(BMC)¥CAOYang;ZHUZhidong;SHENXiaoping(DepartmentofC...  相似文献   

8.
本报道了采用三种不同含量的混合稀土Eu2O3(Eu2O3的含量分别为70%,79.98%,90%)为原料,利用固态反应法制备混合稀土Eu-Ba-Cu-O体系超导体样品的工艺;给出了高温超导电性测量和X射线粉末衍射及扫描电镜分析结果。  相似文献   

9.
比较了铜掺杂钾钠铌酸锶钡(Cu∶KNSBN)和钾钠铌酸锶钡(KNSBN)两样品的晶格振动和d-d电子跃迁谱,对于拉曼(Raman)谱,A1(z)对称类的差别较小,E(xy)对称类的差别最大;对于红外反射谱,两对称类的均差别较大,认为Cu2+部分填充了晶格A位和C位,可见光范围内,d-d电子跃迁谱表明Cu2+在晶体中形成两个深能级2.50eV和2.64eV。  相似文献   

10.
在相对碰撞平动能为0.05eV的分子束实验条件下,研究了CO(a)+NO(X)的E-E传能通道。通过测量观测区域的发射光谱,求得了反应物CO(a,v)的相对振动布居。利用计算机模拟传能产物NO(A-X)和NO(B-X)的发射光谱求得了它们初生态的相对振动布局、转动温度以及传能通道的分支比γ/β1.3±0.3。同时提出传能是经过中间复合物OCNO过程可用电子是进行了解释。利用NO(B^2П,v′=0  相似文献   

11.
理想量子气体的尺度效应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
根据欧拉-麦克劳林(Euler-MacLaurin)公式,导出有限理想量子气体的热力学量表达式,揭示系统尺度和边界形状对其性质的影响.结果表明,有限尺度效应导致了一系列与热力学极限条件下不同的性质特征,如系统的非广延性和压强的各向异性等.  相似文献   

12.
By using the Euler-MacLaurin formula,this paper studies the thermodynamic properties of an ideal Fermi gas confined in a D-dimensional rectangular container.The general expressions of the thermodynamic quantities with the finite-size corrections are given explicitly and the effects of the size and shape of the container on the properties of the system are discussed.It is shown that the corrections of the thermodynamic quantities due to the finite-size effects are significant to be considered for the case of strong degeneracy but negligible for the case of weak degeneracy or non-degeneracy.It is important to find that some familiar conclusions under the thermodynamic limit are no longer valid for the finite-size systems and there are some novel characteristics resulting from the finite-size effects,such as the nonextensivity of the system,the anisotropy of the pressure,and so on.  相似文献   

13.
Moisés Santillán 《Physica A》2011,390(21-22):4038-4044
In this work we study, at the single molecular level, the thermodynamic and dynamic characteristics of an enzymatic reaction comprising a rate limiting step. We investigate how the stability of the enzyme-state stationary probability distribution, the reaction velocity, and its efficiency of energy conversion depend on the system parameters. We employ in this study a recently introduced formalism for performing a multiscale thermodynamic analysis in continuous-time discrete-state stochastic systems.  相似文献   

14.
本文以有机朗肯循环(ORC)跨临界与亚临界工质换热特性最新研究成果为基础,采用热力学指标热源回收效率,以及经济学中的净现值(NPV)概念,结合换热面积分析,建立了考虑实际换热情况的热力学及经济性模型,更合理、更全面地对亚临界循环与跨临界循环的热力学性能和经济性进行了统一分析,为工程实际中亚临界和跨临界的选择提供了参考。本文结果表明,当综合考虑换热器面积、NPV等经济性指标时,跨临界循环在单纯的热力学分析中所展现的高于亚临界的优势减少。针对工业余热,系统的优化区间覆盖跨临界与亚临界,为P/Pc=0.82~1.30,T3=103~147℃,其热源回收效率可达61%,经济效益较高,且对透平入口温度、压力的变化不敏感,能容纳一定的参数波动。对比使用不同换热关联式,使用专门针对有机工质发展的换热关联式计算得到的循环优化区间发生了改变,由此可见,开展对ORC工质的换热特性研究,发展更加准确的换热关联式是完善系统优化的重要途径。  相似文献   

15.
基于煤炭分级转化、成分对口应用、污染物控制一体化等系统集成思路,提出了一种捕获CO2的部分煤气化氢电联产系统。该系统利用增压流化床完成煤炭部分气化,降低了气化难度与气化炉造价,具有较好经济性;全面揭示了系统的热力和环境特性规律,指出气化炉碳转化率是影响系统热力性能的主要因素;系统具有良好的热力特性与环境特性,当CO2的分离率为59.7%时,系统(火用)效率为54.3%。本文的研究为煤炭的清洁高效利用提供了可选择的途径。  相似文献   

16.
The influence of equilibrium polymerization on the thermodynamic properties of model systems consisting of building units with well-defined characteristics and interactions is investigated. The systems under study are thought to resemble more or less accurately undercooled melts, and the calculations performed give the configurational part of the thermodynamic functions of these melts. The whole investigation is performed by using two approaches. In the first one, the temperature courses of the entropies and the specific heat of the systems as well as the average flexibility and the mean chain length of the polymer molecules are obtained in the framework of a mean field approximation (MFA). In the second approach, the bulk characteristics and the configurational properties of the model systems are obtained by using Monte Carlo simulations (MCS). The correspondence and the differences between the thermodynamic properties for the same systems in the two approaches are analyzed and discussed. The model used in our MCS is a modified version of the so-called independent monomer state model proposed earliar by Jari? and Bennemann. The temperature course of the thermodynamic functions of the systems under investigation is analyzed and compared with existing experimental data. The existence of phase transition corresponding to melt-crystal or order-disorder transformation in the system is discussed based on the two approaches.  相似文献   

17.
Questions related to the concepts of the equilibrium and stability of a thermodynamic system are considered. Metastable states are defined as fully equilibrium but relatively unstable states. A preferable structure of the equation of state (ES) of a single-component substance has been determined. Equations for the second virial coefficient and ES of a real gas describing the thermodynamic characteristics in a wide range of state parameters within the limits of the error in experimental data have been obtained. This was done with the help of a combined spherically symmetric potential of interaction. With the use of rigorous equations of thermodynamics, it has been found that the isochoric heat capacity in the metastable and labile regions of states remains finite and positive (with the exception of the critical point). It has been shown that, at the transition from the stable region to the region of metastable and labile states, some thermodynamic characteristics such as the isochoric heat capacity, internal energy, enthalpy, and entropy do not have any singularities. Some examples of calculation of these characteristics in the stable, metastable, and labile regions with the help of equations presented by the authors are given. They confirm the validity of the analysis performed in this paper.  相似文献   

18.
Processes of structure formation in iron-containing silumins remelted in a salt melt are analyzed. The effects of the chemical composition and temperature-time characteristics of the ionic medium on the phase composition of metallic materials are studied. The salt melt-silumin system is modeled in thermodynamic terms.  相似文献   

19.
The thermal characteristics of a heat cycle are studied from a Bayesian approach. In this approach, we assign a certain prior probability distribution to an uncertain parameter of the system. Based on that prior, we study the expected behaviour of the system and it has been found that even in the absence of complete information, we obtain thermodynamic-like behaviour of the system. Two models of heat cycles, the quantum Otto cycle and the classical Otto cycle are studied from this perspective. Various expressions for thermal efficiences can be obtained with a generalised prior of the form Π(x) ∝ 1/x b . The predicted thermodynamic behaviour suggests a connection between prior information about the system and thermodynamic features of the system.  相似文献   

20.
新型IGCC系统研究与概念设计   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
本文开拓研究新型整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)系统。基于IGCC关键技术进展与系统综合分析新方法的研究,设计构筑出新型的IGCC系统,通过模拟分析;揭示了其热力特性,得出了一些有价值的结论。新系统效率已突破50%,有强的竞争力与发展前景,本研究成果将为研制新一代IGCC系统提供技术方案和理论分析方法。  相似文献   

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