非谐振子Gazeau-Klauder与Klauder-Perelomov相干态

利用Kinani-Daoud方法构造了非谐振子势的Gazeau-Klauder(GK)相干态和Klauder-Perelomov(KP)相干态，表明两种相干态在非线性谐振子势下具有完全不同的形式，并对两种相干态的完备性以及各自构成的Hilbert空间进行了讨论. 对相干态的Mandel Q参数的研究表明：GK相干态服从亚Poisson统计分布，KP相干态服从超Poisson统计分布. 关键词： 非谐振子 Gazeau-Klauder相干态 Klauder-Perelomov相干态     

空间非相干多分量光束构成的非相干耦合屏蔽孤子对

两束本身具有空间非相干性的非相干多分量光束可以在光折变介质中形成非相干耦合 屏蔽孤子对，利用相干密度法得到了亮 亮、暗 暗型耦合孤子对的解，并研究了构成 非相干孤子对分量光束的相干组分的传播特性. 关键词： 空间非相干多分量光束 耦合孤子对 相干密度 相干组分     

截头相干态及其量子统计性质

本文引入一类新的最子光场态│αｍ〉，称截头相干态，它由Ｇｌａｕｂｅｒ相干态的数态展开式中去掉前面ｍ－１个数态所剩部分构成，即│α，ｍ〉＝ＡｍΣ＾∞ｎ＝ｍα＾ｎ／√ｎ！│ｎ〉，Ａｍ是归一化常数。我们研究了这些态的量子统计性质，预言了一种与相干态具有相同的一，二阶相干度但不同的高介相干度的光。     

光学相干层析系统相干传递函数研究

在弱物体近似下从成像系统角度对光学相干层析测量技术进行了理论研究。分析了该技术测量样品纵深结构时图像的形成机理。结果表明它相当于一复振幅线性平移不变系统，从而可用相干传递函数描述系统性能，所得相干传递函数表明系统具有低通特性，半峰值带宽△ｋ＝２△λ／λ＾２。由于物体频谱整体平移了１／λ，测量的是纵向结构的高频信息。本文的工作为定量分析光学相干层析对未知结构的测量结果及进一步提高空间分辨率提供了理论     

光学速调管相干辐射的数值模拟

 利用实测磁场值对光学速调管的相干辐射进行了数值模拟，计算了基波、三次谐波的谱宽和相干增强因子，提出了优化的激光功率和光学速调管特征参数Nd值。     

奇偶相干迭加态的振幅高次方压缩

本文引入了学子消灭算符四次方算符α＾４新的正交归一本征态：奇偶相干态和奇偶相干迭加态，并研究了奇偶相干迭加态的振幅高次方压缩特性。     

双模量子光场驱动的拉曼型光致离化系统中原子的相干俘获

研究了由双模量子光场驱动的拉曼型光致离化系统中原子的相干俘获性质，分析了反映原子－光场耦合性质的参量对系统相干俘获的影响，论证了在定的条件下，双模ＳＵ（２）相干光场可以将原子完全俘获。     

激光器阵列的部分相干性对相干合成远场输出特性的影响

对于相干合成的光纤激光器阵列来说，如何定量的分析阵列的相干性对于评价阵列的性能具有极其重要的意义.文章推导了光纤激光器阵列部分相干合成远场强度分布的解析表达式，详细探讨了激光器阵列的部分相干性对相干合成远场图样分布、中心主瓣宽度、斯特列尔比、桶中功率的影响.最后采用主振荡并联放大器方案对三路掺镱光纤放大器进行实时相位探测与校正，实验给出了三路光纤放大器相干合成的结果.     

纠缠相干态的量子隐形传态

提出利用双模纠缠相干态作为量子信道，实现纠缠相干态量子隐形传态的方案. 分别在非正交的相干态表象和另一个由相干态构成的正交态表象对双模纠缠相干态的隐形传态进行具体分析. 发现在相干态表象，虽然只要线性光学元件就可以完成隐形传态，但成功的概率小于1/2，而在正交态表象，只要能分辨4个由相干态构成的Bell态，成功的概率就是1. 关键词： 隐形传态 纠缠相干态 纠缠相干态量子信道     

储存环相干谐波自由电子激光器新光学速调管工作状态分析

 合肥国家同步辐射实验室（NSRL）正在开展储存环相干谐波自由电子激光研究，为了在较高电子束能量下进行实验、且具有较高的相干辐射强度，光学速调管从原来的对称结构改造为非对称结构。分析了相干谐波实验中各参数之间的关系，及对相干谐波辐射的影响，并给出了两种工作状态下的最佳工作参数。     

High‐efficiency coherence‐preserving harmonic rejection with crystal optics

This work reports a harmonic‐rejection scheme based on the combination of Si(111) monochromator and Si(220) harmonic‐rejection crystal optics. This approach is of importance to a wide range of X‐ray applications in all three major branches of modern X‐ray science (scattering, spectroscopy, imaging) based at major facilities, and especially relevant to the capabilities offered by the new diffraction‐limited storage rings. It was demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally that, when used with a synchrotron undulator source over a broad range of X‐ray energies of interest, the harmonic‐rejection crystals transmit the incident harmonic X‐rays on the order of 10^?6. Considering the flux ratio of fundamental and harmonic X‐rays in the incident beam, this scheme achieves a total flux ratio of harmonic radiation to fundamental radiation on the order of 10^?10. The spatial coherence of the undulator beam is preserved in the transmitted fundamental radiation while the harmonic radiation is suppressed, making this scheme suitable not only for current third‐generation synchrotron sources but also for the new diffraction‐limited storage rings where coherence preservation is an even higher priority. Compared with conventional harmonic‐rejection mirrors, where coherence is poorly preserved and harmonic rejection is less effective, this scheme has the added advantage of lower cost and footprint. This approach has been successfully utilized at the ultra‐small‐angle X‐ray scattering instrument at the Advanced Photon Source for scattering, imaging and coherent X‐ray photon correlation spectroscopy experiments. With minor modification, the harmonic rejection can be improved by a further five orders of magnitude, enabling even more performance capabilities.     

X射线激光器——新兴的短波长相干光源

Ｘ射线激光器是运行在电磁辐射波谱中Ｘ射线波段的短波长相干光源，通常，Ｘ射线激光器都采用高功率激光器作为泵浦源，强激光与靶相互使用形成的高温等离子体作为工作介质，并采用单程（或双程）行波放大的运行方式，近１０年来，Ｘ射线激光器的研制工作取得了重大进展，并开始了Ｘ射线激光应用的初步研究，现在正朝着提供高亮度，有较好相干性并且价格便宜的小型短波长Ｘ光光源的目标努力。     

同步辐射X光束空间相干性的物理分析

从量子力学的不确定原理出发，推导出光源相干性和光束相干性的关系，并应用所得的结论南步辐射Ｘ光束的空间相干性进行物理分析，讨论了Ｘ光相干我学实验对Ｘ光束的一些要求。     

A monolithic Fresnel bimirror for hard X‐rays and its application for coherence measurements

Experiments using a simple X‐ray interferometer to measure the degree of spatial coherence of hard X‐rays are reported. A monolithic Fresnel bimirror is used at small incidence angles to investigate synchrotron radiation in the energy interval 5–50 keV with monochromatic and white beam. The experimental set‐up was equivalent to a Young's double‐slit experiment for hard X‐rays with slit dimensions in the micrometre range. From the high‐contrast interference pattern the degree of coherence was determined.     

Photon statistics and speckle visibility spectroscopy with partially coherent X‐rays

A new approach is proposed for measuring structural dynamics in materials from multi‐speckle scattering patterns obtained with partially coherent X‐rays. Coherent X‐ray scattering is already widely used at high‐brightness synchrotron lightsources to measure dynamics using X‐ray photon correlation spectroscopy, but in many situations this experimental approach based on recording long series of images (i.e. movies) is either not adequate or not practical. Following the development of visible‐light speckle visibility spectroscopy, the dynamic information is obtained instead by analyzing the photon statistics and calculating the speckle contrast in single scattering patterns. This quantity, also referred to as the speckle visibility, is determined by the properties of the partially coherent beam and other experimental parameters, as well as the internal motions in the sample (dynamics). As a case study, Brownian dynamics in a low‐density colloidal suspension is measured and an excellent agreement is found between correlation functions measured by X‐ray photon correlation spectroscopy and the decay in speckle visibility with integration time obtained from the analysis presented here.     

建立激光同步辐射源的初步探讨

 进行了基于正对以及离轴几何条件下，电子与激光束间Compton / Thomson散射的激光同步辐射源的初步探讨。运用现有的直线加速器技术以及高功率、高重复频率激光器技术可以为构建超短脉冲的高亮度、准单色、可调谐的X和γ射线源开辟一条新途径。     

光学元件表面粗糙度对第三代同步辐射光源空间相干性的影响

以单丝的同轴全息干涉花样为判别标准,通过计算机数值模拟,研究了Ｂｅ窗的表面粗糙度对硬Ｘ射线相干特性的影响。提出了Ｘ射线在粗糙表面反射的一个简单模型,以此为基础模拟研究了反射镜表面粗糙度的对硬Ｘ射线及软Ｘ射线空间相干特性的影响,模拟结果与实验结果相符。     

部分相干X射线相位成像研究

研究了基于同轴伽柏（Ｇａｂｏｒ）Ｘ射线全息方法的Ｘ射线相位成像。应用部分相干光的轴ＧａｂｏｒＸ射线全息理论,分析了射光的部分相干性对直接Ｘ射线相位成像的影响,指出相干性直接成像的影响不是很大,并研究了Ｘ射线相位全息。讨论了入射光的部分相干性、记录介质的有限分辨、物体与记录介质的准直程度和腹复原的位置等因素对成像质量的影响。证明了物体与记录介质的不准直是影响相位成像质量的最重要因素,给出了纵向记录长     

High‐performance X‐ray detectors for the new powder diffraction beamline I11 at Diamond

The design and performance characterization of a new light‐weight and compact X‐ray scintillation detector is presented. The detectors are intended for use on the new I11 powder diffraction beamline at the third‐generation Diamond synchrotron facility where X‐ray beams of high photon brightness are generated by insertion devices. The performance characteristics of these detection units were measured first using a radioactive source (efficiency of detection and background count rate) and then synchrotron X‐rays (peak stability, light yield linearity and response consistency). Here, the results obtained from these tests are reported, and the suitability of the design for the Diamond powder beamline is demonstrated by presenting diffraction data obtained from a silicon powder standard using a prototype multicrystal analyser stage.     

Dose,exposure time and resolution in serial X‐ray crystallography

The resolution of X‐ray diffraction microscopy is limited by the maximum dose that can be delivered prior to sample damage. In the proposed serial crystallography method, the damage problem is addressed by distributing the total dose over many identical hydrated macromolecules running continuously in a single‐file train across a continuous X‐ray beam, and resolution is then limited only by the available molecular and X‐ray fluxes and molecular alignment. Orientation of the diffracting molecules is achieved by laser alignment. The incident X‐ray fluence (energy/area) is evaluated that is required to obtain a given resolution from (i) an analytical model, giving the count rate at the maximum scattering angle for a model protein, (ii) explicit simulation of diffraction patterns for a GroEL–GroES protein complex, and (iii) the spatial frequency cut‐off of the transfer function following iterative solution of the phase problem, and reconstruction of an electron density map in the projection approximation. These calculations include counting shot noise and multiple starts of the phasing algorithm. The results indicate counting time and the number of proteins needed within the beam at any instant for a given resolution and X‐ray flux. An inverse fourth‐power dependence of exposure time on resolution is confirmed, with important implications for all coherent X‐ray imaging. It is found that multiple single‐file protein beams will be needed for sub‐nanometer resolution on current third‐generation synchrotrons, but not on fourth‐generation designs, where reconstruction of secondary protein structure at a resolution of 7 Å should be possible with relatively short exposures.