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1.
英国学者C.P.斯诺一次写道:"人文学者嘲笑那些从来没有读过一本重要的英国文学作品的科学家太可怜.我曾多次出席一些被认为受过良好教育的人的集会,这些人一直夸夸其谈地表示,他们难以置信科学家如此缺乏文化素养.有一两次我被惹火了,就问他们当中有多少人能够叙述热力学第二定律.回答是一片冷寂:也是否定的.但我问的问题,只不过相当于问一个科学家‘你读过莎士比亚吗?'而已."  相似文献   

2.
玻尔的“互补原理”和他的科学文化观   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
自20世纪以来,一些著名的学者曾为切实有效地使科学技术接受人文调控、承载人文目标和促进人文发展,而呕心沥血、潜心研究,作出了不懈努力.其中,既有科学史之父萨顿,将自己一生的主要工作目标锁定在要令"科学人性化";又有集作家与科学家于一身的C·P·斯诺,大声疾呼"两种文化"及其代表人物必须握手言和;还有被狄拉克称为"深沉的思想家"的尼尔斯·玻尔(Niels Bohr),执着地追求着知识的统一性.因为玻尔作为杰出的科学家和哲学家,作为对人类社会的前途和命运极度关切的人,对于自近代以来,特别是19世纪下半叶之后,科学文化和人文文化之间所存在的鸿沟,以及由此而带来的种种不良后果,心急如焚,予以了高度的警觉.  相似文献   

3.
《物理》2016,(8)
正正如物理学不是关于世界的事实清单一样,历史也不是人名录和编年表。它是一种强大有力而富有启发性的思维方式。物理学中有些事不能很好地被物理学教育涵盖。它们凌乱粗糙,众说纷纭。物理学家常常不明白这些争议对科学本身的贡献,但历史可以提供帮助。科学史这一分支学科就是研究这种去粗取精的历程。科学史家的视角可以帮助物理学家理解自己工作的走向,给他们提供许多有用的工具。物理学是社会性努力  相似文献   

4.
完全靠自己而不与其同行有联系,就能生存就能完成研究工作的科学家几乎没有.因此善于处理与同行的关系是一位科学家很重要的素质.玻恩与拉曼的科学研究领域有交集.在他们的交往过程中玻恩收获了难过与不快.拉曼可能也是一样.重温他们的故事,能够替他人着想的人可以做得更好;而比较自我封闭的不善于处理人际关系的人应该从中得到严厉的警示.  相似文献   

5.
<正>在为20世纪物理学的突飞猛进做出过巨大贡献的科学家群体中,L.V.德布罗意(Louis-Victor de Broglie)因发现了电子的波动性,而荣膺了1929年度的诺贝尔物理学奖,使他因此而成为科学史上  相似文献   

6.
1903年冬,世界著名科学家居里夫妇和贝克勒尔教授 (BeguereAntoineHenri1852-1908法国人)三人荣获诺贝尔物理奖,成为科学史上的佳话.许多年过去了,一直没有另一位女物理学家得到同样的荣誉.到 1963年冬,方有一位美籍德国人梅耶夫人(Mnayer MariaGeoppert 1906-1972),也作为一位物理学家, 同两位教授延森 (Jensen J.Hans Daniel,1907-1973,德国人)与维格纳(Wigner EgenePaul,美籍匈牙利人),共同荣获诺贝尔物理奖. 居里夫人是法籍波兰人,她一生的科学成就,全世界几乎家喻户晓.至于梅耶夫人,只有研究物理学的人才知道.今年是梅耶夫人辞世…  相似文献   

7.
林灏  余建刚 《物理通报》2022,(4):146-148
科学历程的转折点“科学革命”,始于哥白尼的工作.教材用了半节的篇幅,介绍“从地心说到日心说”.从科学史的视角,分析学生容易产生的理解上的谬误和困惑,并尝试作出阐述解惑.  相似文献   

8.
 著名天文学家陈建生在一次报告中,曾深情地吟诵:“宇宙是美丽的,艺术家感受它,是因为它很美;诗人感受它,是因为它很深邃;科学家感受它,是因为它能让人施展才华……”的确,星空庄严而又绚丽,神秘而又和谐,令人陶醉、令人神往。仰望星空,常常会引起我们无尽的遐想和无限的激情,一种探讨宇宙奥秘的欲望会油然而生。爱因斯坦认为,科学家从事科学探索的动机有三种类型,一种人爱好科学是因为科学研究给他们以超乎常人智力的快感,科学是他们自己的特殊娱乐,他们在这种娱乐中寻求生动活泼的经验和雄心壮志的满足;第二种人是为了纯功利的目的;第三种人,按爱因斯坦的看法,是素养极高的科学  相似文献   

9.
玻恩成为哥廷根大学的讲师之后,认识了稍长于他的另外一位讲师卡门,二人成为朋友并开始合作从晶格模型出发研究固体比热问题.玻恩认为二人的这一合作研究对于他的科学生涯具有特殊意义.本文基于二人以及与他们都熟识的数学家库朗的回忆,探讨了玻恩与卡门二人在合作中各自的作用以及终止合作的原因.由此对于玻恩科学生涯的这一个特殊阶段,做若干细节的展示.  相似文献   

10.
程民治  向荣 《物理通报》2005,(10):45-47
19世纪末20世纪初,科学史上所爆发的一场伟大的物理学革命,不仅彻底动摇了经典物理学一统天下的地位,而且开创了一个群星灿烂、英雄辈出的时代.其中沃尔夫冈·泡利(Wolfgang Pauli,1900~1958)正是这个科学家群体中一颗光彩照人的巨星.  相似文献   

11.
Discovered in 1950 by Belousov in the Soviet Union and further investigated by Zhabotinsky and his research group in the 1960s, the Belousov‐Zhabotinsky reaction soon came to the wider attention of scientists on both sides of the Iron Curtain and made an important contribution to consolidating Prigogine's theory of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. Allowing scientists to study chaotic behavior in the laboratory, it also paved the way for further investigations of self‐organizing systems in biology and played an important part in the formation of the field of nonlinear science. Focusing on the period between 1950 and 1975, this paper explores the early history of this enigmatic reaction.  相似文献   

12.
固体物理学研究多体问题,是物理学的重要分支,涉及面极其广泛,也是包括材料科学等在内的多个技术学科的基础。本文论述了固体物理学的发展简史,包括初期发展史、对热性质研 究、魏德曼–弗兰兹定律、晶体微观几何结构的研究历程、自由电子气体模型、固体能带论、对固 体磁性的研究、信息时代、中国固体物理学的发展、固体物理学教材等多个部分,简述了固体物 理学发展中的大事件和具有较大影响力的科学家及其贡献。  相似文献   

13.
The purpose of this paper is to consider some examples of what happens in major turning-points in scientific thinking. It is also aimed to show how the critical study of the history of science can throw light both on how science works as an intellectual discipline and on how scientists think and what they do. In critical history the analysis of history involves at the same time an analysis of science. The critical history of the scientific revolution of the seventeenth century raises the larger question of why and how the West became a scientific civilization at all. This is suggested as an ideal topic for the treatment of science as a general subject in the fifth form. It leads to several different kinds of question concerning the internal content and structure of science, the influence of general ideas, and the influence of social and economic conditions, which can be discussed from different backgrounds in the arts and sciences. But the central problem of the scientific revolution is what happened in science. There seems to have been a fundamental mutation in ideas and in the questions asked in science. These led to new techniques for answering the questions, especially by means of experiment and mathematics. These changes are illustrated by means of Galileo's contribution to the invention of the concept of inertia, Descartes' model of the animal automaton, and Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. In every case the turning-point appears as a result of active speculation and the manipulation and dissection of nature and critical re-assessment of basic theoretical assumptions. Of special importance is the explicit use of designed analysis by the manipulation of mathematical concepts, designed experiments, and hypothetical models.  相似文献   

14.
赵秀娥  梁国钊 《大学物理》2006,25(12):51-54,63
居里夫人关于放射性元素,特别是镭的发现与研究为原子物理学、放射化学和放射医学的发展奠定了基础,为此她先后获得了诺贝尔物理学奖和诺贝尔化学奖.居里夫人在科研过程中所运用的科学方法,如选题方法、实验方法、假说方法、逻辑思维方法等对现代的科技工作者仍具有重要的借鉴意义.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract

Reviewed is the transition period in the history of physics between 1895 and 1905, a decade which began 100 years ago and which is characterized by high scientific activity and creativity with significant results for the further development of natural science. A great number of outstanding scientists, especially physicists, worked in this period. Their important discoveries manifest the beginning of the history of isotopic research.  相似文献   

16.
Social responsibility in science has a centuries-long history, but it was such a minor thread that most scientists were unaware of the concept. Even toward the conclusion of the Manhattan Project, which produced the first nuclear weapons, only a handful of its participants had some reservations about use of a weapon of mass destruction. But the explosions over Hiroshima and Nagasaki not only made society more aware of the importance of science, they made scientists more aware of their responsibility to society. I describe the development of the concept of social responsibility and its appearance among American scientists both before and after the end of World War II.Expanded version of a talk in Hiroshima, Japan,August 10, 2003.Lawrence Badash is Professor Emeritus of History of Science at the University of California, Santa Barbara.  相似文献   

17.
吕增建  陈小敏 《大学物理》2011,30(6):38-41,56
由科学史引入科学教育的发展历程人手,着重从科学史有利于促进对科学本质的理解,有助于求实、批判和创新精神的培养,具有沟通科学与人文桥梁的重要作用3个方面,阐述了在实验教学加强科学史教育的意义和价值,最后介绍了科学史融入物理实验教材、融入物理实验教学和融入创新教育活动的探索研究情况.  相似文献   

18.
Over the last 10 years, we have seen a paradigm change in the approach towards detector developments for accelerator-based X-ray science. Until the last decade, scientists at light sources used or adapted detectors that had been developed for entirely different applications, such as astronomy or medical imaging. Undisputedly, these systems made it possible to do state-of-the-art science, and as long as the source brilliance kept increasing exponentially, new science and new areas developed. However, it is also beyond doubt that these adopted detection systems were not able to get the most out of the source potential. The few dedicated development projects that were undertaken never managed to have a significant impact.  相似文献   

19.
In Spring 2003, a new experimental course on flow visualization was offered to a mixed class of Fine Arts Photography and Engineering students. Course content included fluid flow physics, history of photography with respect to the relationship of science and art, as well as flow visualization and photography techniques. Issues such as “What makes an image art? What makes an image scientific?” were addressed. The class focused on studio/laboratory experiences for mixed teams of students. In Spring 2004 these concepts were distilled into an engineering outreach experience for middle school girls. The spectacular images resulting from these experiments show that flow visualization can be both performed and appreciated by a broad spectrum of people. Thus flow visualization may represent a new bridge between scientists and non-scientists.  相似文献   

20.
Coherence and Divergence of Megatrends in Science and Engineering   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
Scientific discoveries and technological innovations are at the core of human endeavor, and it is estimated that their role will only increase in time. Such advancements evolve in coherence, with areas of confluence and temporary divergences, which bring synergism and that stimulate further developments following in average an exponential growth. Six increasingly interconnected megatrends are perceived as dominating the scene for the next decades: (a) information and computing, (b) nanoscale science and engineering (S&E), (c) biology and bio-environmental approaches, (d) medical sciences and enhancing human physical capabilities, (e) cognitive sciences and enhancing intellectual abilities, and (f) collective behavior and system approach.This paper presents a perspective on the process of identification, planning and program implementation of S&E megatrends, with illustration for the US research initiative on nanoscale science, engineering, and technology. The interplay between coherence and divergence, leading to unifying science and converging technologies, does not develop only among simultaneous scientific trends but also along time and across geopolitical boundaries. There is no single way of development of S&E, and here is the role of taking visionary measures. Societal implication scientists need to be involved from the conceptual phase of a program responding to a S&E megatrend.  相似文献   

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