中专物理（下册）期末测试卷

中专物理（下册）期末测试卷一、填空题１．在电场中某点放置电量为－３．２×１０－９Ｃ的检验电荷，它受到的电场力为８．０×１０－６Ｎ，此力方向跟该点场强方向相，该点场强大小为２．在点电荷Ｑ形成的电场中，Ａ点场强是Ｂ点场强的４倍，Ｂ、Ａ两点距Ｑ的距离之比ｒ...     

运动轨迹真是这样吗?

高中物理第三册（选修）教学参考书（以下简称教参），在论述“机械能守恒定理不解决物体做什么运动”的问题时，例举了如图1情形下摆球的运动，即让绳的一端栓-11,球，另一端悬挂在O点，悬点O的正下方距离为摆长一半处有一个钉子P，让小球从与O点处于同一高度的A点释放．则小球经过8点后，先沿以P为圆心的圆弧运动，     

InAs/GaAs量子点1.3 μm单光子发射特性

采用双层耦合量子点的分子束外延生长技术生长了InAs/GaAs量子点样品，把量子点的发光波长成功地拓展到1.3 μm.采用光刻的工艺制备了直径为3 μm的柱状微腔，提高了量子点荧光的提取效率.在低温5 K下，测量得到量子点激子的荧光寿命约为1 ns；单量子点荧光二阶关联函数为0.015，显示单量子点荧光具有非常好的单光子特性；利用迈克耳孙干涉装置测量得到单光子的相干时间为22 ps，对应的谱线半高全宽度为30 μeV，且荧光谱线的线型为非均匀展宽的高斯线型.     

亚单层InGaAs量子点-量子阱异质结构的时间分辨光致发光谱

测定了亚单层InGaAs/GaAs量子点-量子阱异质结构在5K下的时间分辨光致发光谱.亚单层量 子点的辐射寿命在500 ps 至 800 ps之间，随量子点尺寸的增大而增大，与量子点中激子的 较小的横向限制能以及激子从小量子点向大量子点的隧穿转移有关.光致发光上升时间强烈 依赖于激发强度密度.在弱激发强度密度下，上升时间为 35 ps，纵光学声子发射为主要的 载流子俘获机理.在强激发强度密度下，上升时间随激发强度密度的增加而减小，俄歇过程 为主要的载流子俘获机理.该结果对理解亚单层量子点器件的工作特性非常有用. 关键词： 亚单层 量子点-量子阱 时间分辨光致发光谱     

纯物质亚稳态机理的研究及液体过热亚稳态极限的预测

在通常条件下，物质到达该条件下的平衡相变点却没有发生相变，仍然保持相变点以前的形态，这种形态称之为物质的亚稳态。亚稳态分为过冷态和过热态，如图1所示，液体在某压力下在L点应开始蒸发为气体，液体却处于过热亚稳态，曲线CL和CO间的相区为过热区，点O是T2温度下液体过减压的极限点，也是P=Pnor=0.101325MPa下液体的过热极限点，液体状态达到O点必产爆炸式的气化，CO线就是过热极限曲线，也称旋节线。在定容条件下，液体达到过热极限时，产生爆炸式气化，在极短的时间内会产生很大压力。工程上由于过热液失稳引起的蒸汽爆炸带…     

水热法快速制备荧光氧化石墨烯量子点及其在细胞成像中的应用

作为一种新型荧光纳米材料，氧化石墨烯量子点(GO QDs)凭借其良好的水溶性和生物相容性得到广泛的关注。以氧化石墨烯为原料，过氧化氢为氧化剂，一步水热法在90 min内快速制备氧化石墨烯量子点，实现了快速、高效及绿色制备氧化石墨烯量子点。所制备得到的氧化石墨烯量子点分布均匀，透射电镜(TEM)图片表明氧化石墨烯量子点粒径分布在2.25～5.25 nm，傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线电子能谱(XPS)显示氧化石墨烯量子点表面含有大量的羟基、羧基、羰基等含氧功能团，表明氧化石墨烯量子点具有很好的水溶性。荧光发射光谱(PL)表明氧化石墨烯量子点具有激发波长依赖性。基于其独特的纳米结构，良好的光学性能和生物相容性，氧化石墨烯量子点可替代传统荧光纳米材料应用于细胞成像。     

以固态法一步合成的荧光碳点为探针测定人体尿液中阿霉素

以柠檬酸和尿素为碳源和氮源，采用固态法一步合成出量子产率高达23%的荧光碳点。表征结果表明，所合成的荧光碳点为平均粒径为3~4 nm的球形，表面富含羟基、羧基和胺基等基团。此外，碳点的XRD谱图显示出无定型碳的特征峰。以所制备的碳点为荧光探针，基于碳点和阿霉素之间的共振能量转移而猝灭碳点的荧光，建立了阿霉素定量分析新方法。实验中考察了溶液的pH值和孵化时间的影响。在最佳实验条件下，阿霉素浓度在0.67~16.67 μg·mL-1范围之间与碳点的荧光猝灭值ΔF呈良好的线性关系(R2=0.995)，检出限为0.22 μg·mL-1，回收率为83.0%～89.2%，相对标准偏差小于2.5%(n=5)。尿样中常见物质对测定干扰较小，显示出所建立的方法具有较好的选择性。     

力学一题解

力学一题解这是一个复摆，它作微振动的周期Ｔ为［１］其中Ｉｐ是圆弧绕Ｐ点的转动惯量，ｄ是Ｐ点到圆弧质量中心Ｃ的距离．由于是均质圆弧，Ｃ点应在ＯＰ连线上．由平行轴定理，系统绕过Ｐ点且垂直于圆弧所在面的轴线的转动惯量为ＩＰ＝ＩＣ＝ｍｄ２（２）其中ＩＣ为系统...     

电动势电压与电位

1电动势与电压． ①物理意义不同 电动势由电源本身性质决定的，与外电路无关它是衡量非静电力做功本领的物理量，在数值上等于把单位正电荷从电源“-”极搬运到“＋”极外力克服电场力所做的功，表示为E=W外／Q．而电压是衡量电场力做功本领的物理量，在电路中若电场力将点电荷Q从A点移动到B点所做的功为WAB，则A，B两点间电压UAB为UAB=WAB／Q．从公式可知，电压在数值上等于单位正电荷从电路的A点移动到B点电场力所做的功．     

基于明胶制备碳量子点及其光学性能的研究

通过水热法采用热解明胶制备出有蓝色荧光的碳量子点，并通过单因素优化实验对制备碳量子点的温度、时间进行优化以选择出制备碳量子点的最佳条件，结果表明在水热反应温度为200 ℃，反应时间为6 h时制备的碳量子点的荧光性能最强。同时，利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、Ｘ射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV)及荧光光谱(PL)等手段对最佳条件下制备的碳量子点进行测试与表征，结果表明，该方法制备的碳量子点量子产率为39.4%，与不掺杂的碳量子点相比其量子产率相对较高，这可能是因为有N元素的存在使得量子产率有所提高；所制备的碳量子点不仅具有丰富的含氧官能团而且抗光漂白性能良好，形态主要是均匀分散的球形，没有明显的晶格条纹，这与相关文献报道的碳量子点的形态相一致，其在250～300 nm有较弱的吸收，但无明显的特征吸收峰，这可能是由于C=O基团的n-π*跃迁引起的；此外，还讨论了氙灯照射时间、pH、碳量子点浓度、不同类型溶剂及离子强度等因素对碳量子点荧光性能的影响，研究结果表明，氙灯照射时间及离子强度对碳量子点荧光性能几乎无影响，在过酸或过碱的条件下其荧光强度相对较弱，原因可能是在过酸或过碱的条件下发生质子化或非质子化的作用导致其荧光强度减弱；且碳量子点溶液随着其浓度的增加，荧光强度先增加后减小；而对于溶剂类型而言，其在极性溶剂中的荧光强度大于其在非极性溶剂中的荧光强度，说明该方法制备的碳量子点具有良好的水溶性。     

关于"太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系"的讨论

讨论了银道面内的引力场强分布和太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系，指出引力场强g并不是与r的平方成反比，这是由于银河系的大小和形状不能忽略造成的．强调了万有引力定律的适用条件．     

On the predictability of the positions of the convergence zones in the ocean

The disagreement between the experimental and calculated positions of the first convergence zone are known from many publications. The most probable cause for such a disagreement, namely, the incorrect specification of the input data for the calculations, is considered. The lack of simultaneity between the hydrological surveys of the region and the acoustic experiments is emphasized. The experimental data obtained by the author in five ocean regions are presented. These data characterize the diurnal variability of the distance from the source to the nearest boundary of the convergence zone. The relations proposed by different researchers for calculating the sound speed from the temperature, salinity, and hydrostatic pressure are analyzed. It is shown that these relations lead to a substantial difference in the estimated depth dependence of the hydrostatic gradient of the sound speed. The position of the first convergence zone is calculated for the propagation conditions determined by vertical temperature and salinity profiles with the subsequent recalculation of these profiles into sound speed profiles by using eight different formulas known from the literature. It is shown that different formulas lead to different values of the distance to the first zone; this difference is substantially greater than that between the calculations and experiment. The necessity of improving the recalculation relations in view of the experimental data on sound propagation in natural oceanic waveguides, including the data on the actual positions of the convergence zones, is emphasized.     

On the calculation of the bremsstrahlung in the region of the plasma frequency

On the basis of the classical theory of radiation produced in incomplete Coulomb interaction, a formula is derived for the coefficient of the bremsstrahlung of fully ionized plasma. In the region of rectilinear approximation a comparison is made with the results of the quantum formula derived from the Born approximation. Furthermore, the influence of dispersion upon the emission coefficient is taken into account; some relations for the region of dispersion are given.     

Dependence of the Intensity of the Spectral Lines and the Composition of the Sample and the Plasma Parameters of the Unipolar Arc

The investigation was made of the dependence of the intensity of Tl, Ga, Mo, Mg, Mn, Sn, Bi, Ni, Zn, Pt and Au spectral lines and the plasma parameters (temperature T, electron concentration n_e, degree of 6 ionnization α) from concentration of lithium additive.     

Extracting the wavefunction of the LSP at the LHC

We consider associated production of squarks and gluinos with the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), or states nearly degenerate in mass with it. Though sub-dominant to pair production of color SU(3)-charged superpartners, these processes are directly sensitive to the wavefunction composition of the lightest neutralinos. Exploiting event-shape variables - including some introduced here for the first time - we are able to identify the composition of the LSP by selecting events involving a single high-pT jet recoiling against missing transverse energy. We illustrate the proposed technique on a set of benchmark cases and propose methods for applying these results in more realistic experimental environments.     

On the Question of the Source of the Apokamp

Technical Physics - The object of this work is the apokamp—a new type of plasma jet, which is formed from a bright offshoot emerging at the bending point of a channel of a high-voltage...     

Set the controls for the heart of the Sun

In this paper we describe experiments conducted with high-power lasers that are attempting to replicate, for a very short time and in miniature, conditions found in the Sun. Experiments to date have reached conditions in the outer part of the Sun. To reach the Sun's centre requires compression of material to very much greater than solid density and heating to over ten million degrees. To achieve this, a new class of experiments and a new generation of high-power lasers are required.