微型燃气轮机CW原表面回热器流动与换热的试验研究

本文试验研究了交错波纹(Cross Wavy,简称CW)原表面回热器在低雷诺数范围内的流动与传热性能,通过对燃气进、出口不同测点温度测量,研究了燃气不均匀性对换热性能的影响,采用等流量法从总传热系数k中分离出两侧表面传热系数h,获得了有工程应用价值的Nu-Re及f-Re准则关系式。     

高雷诺数下降液膜流动换热分析

本文分析了降液膜高雷诺数区域换热系数随液膜长度变化趋势,引出临界长度的概念。在较高雷诺数的湍流区,回流区的存在以及表面波的影响能有效地减少局部薄膜厚度并增加对流换热,流速的增加进一步强化换热,增加降膜整体传热系数。在高雷诺数区域,厚度形成的热阻超过回流的增强作用,而使换热削弱。液膜小于临界长度L换热系数随长度增长而增加,大于L换热系数随液膜增长而减小。     

波纹板片上降膜吸收过程的传热传质数值仿真

建立了在连续的竖直波纹板上降膜吸收过程的传热传质数学模型,并进行了无因次化处理和仿真数值计算。给出了溶液液膜内流场、温度场、质量分数分布的计算结果,比较了交叉双尺度波纹板片和当量平板上的吸收传热和传质系数随不同溶液喷淋密度的变化结果,显示出前者具有更好的性能,并讨论了波纹节距对传热和传质系数的影响关系。     

气体直接接触式制取冰浆实验研究

冰浆具有良好的流动性,有着广泛的用途。气体直接接触式换热具有换热系数高的优点,由于气流的速度可以更高,换热也就可以更充分,换热性能更好。本文利用氮气作为直接接触制冰系统的低温介质进行了制冰实验,分析了流量、流速、温度等因素对系统换热性能和冰堵的影响。     

Heat transfer at evaporation of falling films of Freon mixture on the smooth and structured surfaces

The paper presents the results of experimental investigation of heat transfer and hydrodynamics of falling films of binary mixtures of R21 and R114 freons on the surfaces with complex configuration. The vertical tubes of 50-mm diameter with the smooth and structured surfaces, made of D16T alloy, were used as the working sections. The range of film Reynolds number at the inlet to the working section was Re =10÷155. The image of wave surface of the falling liquid film was visualized and recorded by a high-speed digital video camera. At evaporation the heat transfer coefficients on the smooth and structured surfaces are determined by the liquid flow rate and weakly depend on the heat flux. At low liquid flows, the heat transfer coefficients on the structured surface decrease in comparison with the smooth surface because of liquid accumulation and enlargement of efficient thickness in microtexture channels. At high liquid flows, a change in the structure of the wave film surface leads to an increase in heat transfer coefficients in comparison with the smooth surface.     

降膜结晶过程传热传质简化积分模型模拟计算

本文在对降膜结晶分离过程进行传热传质分析的基础上,建立了简化数学模型。文中按时间先后次序分成若干时间流股,并对每一流股按随体坐标自上而下对传热和传质方程进方积分,其中利用稳态充分发展的传热传质公式计算局部、即时的结晶量,进一步将不同时间流股所得结晶量叠加即得到结晶在空间和时间上的分布。文中将计算结果与所作的实验结果进行了比较,二者吻合较好。最后利用本文的计算模型进一步对广泛的影响因素进行了研究,获得一系列有益的结果。     

原表面回热器换热阻力特性试验研究

本文对研制加工的适用于 100 kW 微型燃气轮机的 CW(Cross Wavy) 原表面回热器进行了试验研究,通过对两侧流体进、出口温度、压力等的测量,重点分析了燃气流量、入口温度及空气进口压力变化对换热阻力的影响,得出了在变工况下回热器的流动与换热性能规律,结果表明:所研制的 CW 原表面回热器空、燃气两侧换热均匀,提高了换热效率,两侧压降都有不同程度降低,并得出了有工程应用价值的 Nu-Re 及 f-RE 准则关系式,可为原表面回热器的设计制造提供参考.     

FRICTION AND CONVECTION STUDIES OF R-134a IN MICROCHANNELS WITHIN THE TRANSITION AND TURBULENT FLOW REGIMES

Fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of single-phase flows in microchannels for refrigerant R-134a were experimentally investigated. Experiments were conducted using rectangular channels micromilled in aluminum with hydraulic diameters ranging from approximately 112 to 210 w m and aspect ratios that varied from 1.0 to 1.5. Using overall temperature, flow rate, and pressure drop measurements, friction factors and convective heat transfer coefficients were experimentally determined for steady flow conditions. Effects of Reynolds number, relative roughness, and channel aspect ratio are examined in predicting friction factor and Nusselt number for the experiments. Experiment results indicated that transition from laminar to turbulent flow occurred between a Reynolds number of 2,000 and 4,000. Friction factor results were consistently lower than values predicted by macroscale correlations but exhibited the same trends with Reynolds numbers of macroscale correlations. Nusselt number results also exhibited a similar pattern of lower values obtained in the experiments than those predicted by commonly used macroscale correlations. Nusselt number results also indicated that channel size may suppress turbulent convective heat transfer and surface roughness may affect heat transfer characteristics in the turbulent regime.     

扇形叶栅叶尖间隙流动及其对叶尖换热的影响

本文通过在水槽中用粒子示踪的方法，利用最新的ＰＩＶ技术对扇形叶栅叶尖间隙泄漏流进行了定量流动显示。同时在风洞中利用萘升华传质模拟传热技术，研究了叶尖间隙区的局部换热特性结果表明泄漏流的流动特性与间隙大小、进口Ｒｅ数、攻角等密切相关，并直接影响叶尖的换热特性。     

HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER AND WALL SHEAR STRESS IN VERTICAL GAS-LIQUID FLOW

Results of an experimental investigation of heat and mass transfer and wall shear stress at gas-liquid flow in a vertical tube are presented. Local wall shear stress and mass transfer coefficients were measured by an electrochemical method. Experiments were performed in the range of Reynolds number variation with respect to liquid Rc_i, = 8.5 × 10³-5.4 × 10⁴, gas Re_g = 3 × 10³-1.4 × 10⁵, pressure 0.1-1 MPa. The relationship between heat and mass transfer and wall shear at gas-liquid flows is shown to exist. The results of measuring heat and mass transfer coefficients are generalized by formulas applied to calculate heat and mass transfer in single-phase turbulent flow.     

Heat transfer and crisis phenomena at boiling in Freon mixture films falling down the structured tube

Investigation results on hydrodynamics, heat transfer, and crisis phenomena in laminar-wave liquid films falling down the surfaces of different geometry are presented in this study. Freon mixture R21/R114 with initial concentration of low-boiling component of 4?C16.6 % was used as the working liquid. The film Reynolds number at the inlet to the experimental section varied from 60 to 700. The heat flux density was changed within 0?C5 W/cm². The images of wave surface of the falling liquid film and formation of dry spots were visualized and recorded by the high-speed video camera. Results of investigation of the wave structure of the film surface, measurements of heat transfer coefficients under the conditions of boiling, and critical heat fluxes in the film flow over the smooth and structured surfaces are presented.     

WATER VAPOR ABSORPTION ENHANCEMENT IN LiBr/H2O FILMS FALLING ON HORIZONTAL TUBES

An experimental investigation was conducted into the enhancement of water vapor absorption in aqueous lithium bromide solution films falling on horizontal tubes. The variable parameters included the solution flow rate, the inlet temperature of the cooling media, the solution inlet temperature, and the effective extended surface. The experimental results, which were correlated with the film Reynolds number, showed that the cooling effect of the tube wall was the governing factor in the absorption process for small solution flow rates, but the inlet solution subcooling dominated the absorption performance for large flow rates. Also, the R tube, which has a unique ridged fin shape, exhibited the best absorption performance among the tested tubes.     

温度和雷诺数对表面活性剂溶液传热的影响

对不同温度和雷诺数下阳性离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)溶液在循环回路中的传热特性进行了实验研究。在水中加入表面活性剂后溶液的传热特性明显降低,在不同的温度工况下均存在一个临界雷诺数,随着溶液温度的改变而发生变化。在不同的实验浓度条件下均存在一个临界温度,在临界温度以下时,临界雷诺数随温度升高而增加;在临界温度以上时,临界雷诺数随温度升高而急剧下降。分析该表面活性剂溶液阻力减小和传热性能降低之间的关系,提出了通过对溶液温度的控制来改变减阻流体传热特性的方法。     

Evaluation of Nusselt number and effectiveness for a vertical shell-coiled tube heat exchanger with air bubble injection into shell side

Air bubble injection was employed to increase the heat transfer rate (Nusselt number) of a vertical shell and coiled tube heat exchanger in this article. Hot and cold water flowed into the coil side and shell side of heat exchanger, respectively, and air bubbles were injected inside the shell side of heat exchanger via a memorable method. Bubbles' vertical movement due to buoyancy forcing through the heat exchanger can enhance the heat transfer rate by mixing the thermal boundary layer, increasing the turbulence level of the fluid flow and increasing the shell-side fluid Reynolds number.     

HEAT TRANSFER AND PRESSURE DROP FROM LOUVERED SURFACES IN AUTOMOTIVE HEAT EXCHANGERS

An investigation of heat transfer and pressure drop from some louvered surfaces is presented. The test rig and the measuring as well as the data evaluating procedures are described. The measured data are transferred and presented in a nondimenswnal form. The heal transfer data are provided mainly as Stanton numbers versus Reynolds number, and the pressure drop is given as Darcy friction factors versus Reynolds number. For comparing the performance of the various louvered surfaces, the flow area goodness factors and the so-called volume goodness factors are presented. All the louvered surfaces have been found to be more efficient than the corresponding smooth surface. The standard multilouvered fin surfaces were found to be most efficient, but one of the new surfaces also performed very well.     

竖直管内混合气体的凝结换热与SO2传递机理的理论研究

本文采用修正的膜模型与Nusselt凝结理论结合的方法,分析了双组分可凝气体的凝结吸收机理,探讨了竖直圆管内水蒸汽凝结与二氧化硫气体吸收的传热传质过程,并阐述了雷诺数、壁面温度及水蒸汽浓度等因素对二氧化硫气体传递的影响.     

波纹竖壁上低雷诺数饱和蒸发液膜流动的研究

对饱和蒸发状态下的低雷诺数的液膜在小波幅正弦型波纹壁面上的自由降落进行了理论分析.通过无量纲化、引入流函数、采用摄动展开对数学模型进行处理,得到了这种情况下液膜流动的分析模型,计入了饱和蒸发压力的影响,得到了近似分析解.讨论了壁面波纹的波幅、波数、液膜表面张力和蒸发压力对液膜波动的影响.     

AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF HEAT TRANSFER AND FLUID FLOW IN A RECTANGULAR DUCT WITH BROKEN V-SHAPED RIBS

An experimental investigation of heat transfer and fluid flow in a rectangular duct roughened by broken V-shaped ribs pointing upstream was carried out. The rectangular duct had an aspect ratio of 1/8, and the Reynolds number range was from 1000 to 6000. Liquid Crystal Thermography (LCT) was used to obtain the detailed heat transfer distributions on the ribbed wall. The main observed characteristics include spanwise variation, local maxima, and saw-tooth fashion along the streamwise direction. These features were correlated and explained by the detailed velocity structures, observed by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The flow characteristics introduced by ribs include altered spanwise profile of the mean flow velocity, a complicated secondary flow over the cross section, and flow separation and reattachment along the streamwise direction. In addition, a comparison of overall thermal and hydraulic performance with previously tested continuous ribs was conducted. It was found that the broken ribs had better overall performance in the high Reynolds number range.     

绕圆柱体自由表面磁流体流动和传热的研究

本文对在不同雷诺数下,绕圆柱体的磁流体自由表面流动及传热进行了模拟,分析了磁场对绕流圆柱尾迹和涡分离的影响,获得了两种雷诺数下的电磁力密度、流场和温度场分布。结果表明,磁场不仅影响了流动的形态,而且对湍流有抑制作用,降低了自由表面的更新机制,从而减少了传热能力;在相同的Hartmann数下,相比低雷诺数下的流动换热情况,高雷诺数下的湍流不能被完全抑制,自由表面与尾迹的相互作用也较强,因而自由表面换热也较强。     

传热传质分离的绝热吸收过程实验研究

根据传热传质分离的吸收形式,设计加工了一台溴化锂绝热降膜吸收的实验装置,对溴化锂水溶液在倾斜平板上对水蒸气的吸收特性进行了实验研究,分析了预冷却温差、溶液流量及平板倾角对吸收过程的影响。实验结果表明:预冷却温差、溶液流量及平板倾角越大,溴化锂溶液对水蒸气的吸收效果越好,并认为吸收过程可以分成三个步骤,另外就热质分离吸收器的设计过程中的溴化锂溶液的最小速度提出建议。