二维三温Lagrange流体力学计算中时间步长的自动控制

为解决多介质可压缩二维三温流体力学计算中时间步长的控制问题，提出了控制时间步长的多种约束条件：     

电磁内爆X射线数值计算

 叙述一维辐射磁流体力学方程组（三温）的数值模拟,用于电磁内爆X射线计算。动量方程、三温方程组采用分裂法求解,以克服强耦合非线性可能引起的数值不稳定性。采用隐式差分格式避免小时间步长限制。隐式格式采用Newton-Raphson法迭代求解。使用了分层网格、加权平均,迭代初值公式,自动调整时间步长,奇点处理等特殊处理方法。最后给出Pegasus l装置一个实验模型的计算结果,获得15 J的X射线能量,峰值功率为16 GW。     

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从Lagrange观点出发，采用分裂格式法求解一维辐射流体力学方程组中的三温方程，用于紧凑等离子体环与靶碰撞产生的X射线辐射的数值模拟研究。提出了求解电子、离子、辐射场三温相脱离的能量方程的隐式差分格式，介绍了能量交换项与压力做功及热传导项分开计算的分裂格式方法，数值模拟得到了其对温度变化的影响。     

混合Krylov子空间算法及其应用

给出了一种适合二维三温辐射流体力学能量方程的大型稀疏线性代数方程组的混合迭代算法．计算结果显示，该算法解二维三温辐射流体力学能量方程的大型稀疏线性代数方程组比原有算法快4倍左右；原有算法不收敛时，该算法收敛；各物理量也符合得很好．     

局部时间步长间断有限元方法求解三维欧拉方程

使用间断有限元方法求解三维流体力学方程.空间剖分采用非结构四面体网格,为了克服显格式在单元网格尺寸差别较大时计算效率低下的问题,在格式中采用局部时间步长技术(LTS),即控制方程在空间、时间上积分得到一种单步格式,既可以局部计算每个单元又避免了Runge-Kutta高精度格式处理三维问题时存储量过大的问题.为了提高流体...     

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在三维三温辐射流体力学方程组求解过程中,为解决复杂的等离子体流场和难度大的三维网格计算,提出了用物理量迁移法求解方程组,并对三温能量方程采用了一种改进的显示算法。由此获得了较好的数值结果。     

非线性薛定谔方程的多模局部误差计算准则

提出三种求解多模光纤非线性传输方程的误差估计准则—max,sum,ave准则,将多模误差向量转换为误差标量,基于对称分步傅里叶的局部误差法实现多模传输自适应步长统一变化.通过仿真高斯脉冲在渐变折射率多模光纤中的传输,验证了定变步长方法在不同准则下局部误差与全局误差的性能.实验结果表明三种准则的变步长算法都具有收敛性,且利用sum准则计算局部误差控制步长变化,在相同计算量的情况下能得到更高的数值精度,相同全局误差的情况下计算量相对更少,对进一步提高多模非线性传输方程的计算效率有参考意义.     

二维可压缩流体力学Lagrange有限点方法

提出二维可压缩流体力学问题的拉格朗日有限点方法,将求解区域离散为适当的点集.在每个时间步,每个离散点与其周围适当的五个邻点组成一个基本计算单元.在每个计算单元上,利用有限点方法中的典型微分算子的五点近似公式直接离散流体力学方程中的微分算子,并在每个方程中加上一个人为拉普拉斯粘性项,达到稳定格式的目的.给出时间步长的自动...     

二维三温辐射(磁)流体力学拉氏计算中的人工粘性分裂技术

针对使用边粘性和张量粘性进行二维三温辐射(磁)流体力学拉氏计算时激波处离子温度出现非物理尖峰的问题,提出一种人工粘性分裂技术,将人工粘性耗散能量按照电子压和离子压的比分成两部分,并分别加在电子内能和离子内能上.在二维三温辐射磁流体力学程序MARED上实现该技术,并对Z-pinch的内爆动力学过程进行数值模拟.消除了模拟结果中激波处离子温度的尖峰.     

天然气-凝析液混输管线温降计算

基于普适的气液混合物流动能量方程,推导出了用于天然气-凝析液两相管流稳态计算的显式温降计算式,该式考虑了沿线换热,Joule-Thomson效应、地形起伏的影响.由此讨论了文献关于两相流温降计算的一些观点.取消了温度迭代循环,用两相流温降显式计算式替代焓平衡方程参与水力、热力耦合计算,提高了算法的效率.经与OLGA计算结果比较,本文提出的模氆和算法能够较准确地计算天然气-凝析液管流温度.     

一种补偿时间步长限制的粒子模拟-蒙特卡罗碰撞模型

 从碰撞次数的概率分布出发，推导出一种补偿蒙特卡罗碰撞模型，采用以正态分布计算得到的平均碰撞次数作为碰撞概率，来补偿传统方法中忽略的多次碰撞。通过模拟不同折合电场强度条件下He气放电产生电子的运动规律，验证了补偿蒙特卡罗碰撞模型的正确性。计算结果表明:补偿蒙特卡罗碰撞模型可以有效地提高计算效率，特别适用于高气压气体放电现象的粒子模拟。     

An efficient,robust, domain-decomposition algorithm for particle Monte Carlo

A previously described algorithm [T.A. Brunner, T.J. Urbatsch, T.M. Evans, N.A. Gentile, Comparison of four parallel algorithms for domain decomposed implicit Monte Carlo, Journal of Computational Physics 212 (2) (2006) 527–539] for doing domain decomposed particle Monte Carlo calculations in the context of thermal radiation transport has been improved. It has been extended to support cases where the number of particles in a time step are unknown at the beginning of the time step. This situation arises when various physical processes, such as neutron transport, can generate additional particles during the time step, or when particle splitting is used for variance reduction. Additionally, several race conditions that existed in the previous algorithm and could cause code hangs have been fixed. This new algorithm is believed to be robust against all race conditions. The parallel scalability of the new algorithm remains excellent.     

ALE计算中基于声速分布的网格优化技术

基于声速分布，提出一种拉氏流体力学计算中大变形网格优化的数值技术.该方法不但可以优化网格的几何形状且可以提高拉氏流体计算的时间步长.介绍基于声速分布的网格松弛泛函、修正梯度流方程的推导、离散和求解方法，启动/终止网格优化过程的条件，及基于这种网格优化方法的ALE算法.给出Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性问题等数值算例，用以证明该方法的有效性.     

Growth process of atomically flat anodic films on titanium under potentiostatical electrochemical treatment in H2SO4 solution

The as-deposited titanium film on silicon wafer was electrochemically treated in potential sweep and potential step modes in 0.1 M H₂SO₄ solution at 30 °C. Under the anodization conditions of potential sweep and properly modulated cyclic voltammetry (CV), nanoscale grains, step-terrace structure and atomic images were clearly observed on the surface of anodic oxide film on titanium. Under potential step conditions, if the anodization time was short (1 s), no grains could be found on the anodic oxide film surface, even though the potential was high up to 9000 mV. Moreover, whatever potential sweep or potential step mode was performed, sufficient time (low sweep rate means a prolonged anodization time) was needed for the formation of nanoscale grains, atomically flat surface and step-terrace structure on the anodized titanium film.     

蒙卡燃耗中的氙振荡现象分析及计算研究

根据氙振荡产生的机理，按照燃耗步长来划分:在短步长条件下会产生物理氙振荡，在长步长条件下会产生数值氙振荡。研究发现，当燃耗步长增大到19 h，物理氙振荡的振幅最小，随着燃耗步长继续增大，表现为数值氙振荡，当燃耗步长27 d，数值氙振荡振幅最小。采用平衡氙方法强制使中子通量与氙浓度平衡，在堆芯物理计算程序(RMC)的输运模块中运用平衡氙方法对碘氙的浓度进行不断的迭代更新，在保证收敛的情况下抑制了氙振荡现象的发生。     

Quantum path interferences in high-order harmonic generation

We have investigated the intensity dependence of high-order harmonic generation in argon when the two shortest quantum paths contribute to the harmonic emission. For the first time to our knowledge, experimental conditions were found to clearly observe interference between these two quantum paths that are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. This result is a first step towards the direct experimental characterization of the full single-atom dipole moment and demonstrates an unprecedented accuracy of quantum path control on an attosecond time scale.     

A note on equilibrium boundary conditions in lattice Boltzmann fluid dynamic simulations

It is shown that Lattice Boltzmann (LB) simulations using simple equilibrium boundary conditions at solid walls, provide quantitatively accurate results for backward-facing step flows at moderate Reynolds numbers. The basic reason for such favorable behavior is that well-resolved LB simulations operate in the so-called weak non-equilibrium regime, in which shear effects at the scale of a single lattice spacing are weak, meaning by this that the cell-shear time scale is much longer than the molecular time scales, so that the LB collisional relaxation takes place in a quasi-homogeneous velocity field. Due to their simplicity, it is suggested that equilibrium boundary conditions may represent a viable option for the LB simulation of complex flows with solid boundaries at moderate Reynolds numbers.     

肾脏冷灌注过程中的生物传热实验研究

在保护液亚临界相变温度范围进行肾脏器官的低温延时保存,是一个不同于传统低温保存的新方法。为保持细胞活性必须从器官摘取的第一步展开研究,用保护液对离体肾脏进行冷灌注是移植器官保存的重要环节,研究冷灌注过程中器官温度随时间变化的传热特征,探求提供与传统生物保存方法所不同的传热传质条件非常重要。用高倍率红外热象仪、热电偶探针、超声血流计等,对猪整体肾脏冷灌注过程进行了实时测试,得出动脉血管作为冷源时的肾脏温度动态变化曲线。实验结果表明,在1℃冷却液匀速灌注过程中肾脏温度的降低表现为非均匀变化,究其原因是由于肾脏内特定的组织结构引起。实验研究将对肾脏器官的三维温度场数值计算提供宝贵的实验依据。     

Numerical Instability due to Varying Time Steps in Explicit Wave Propagation and Mechanics Calculations

Explicit central-difference time integration is frequently used to solve the wave equation, and the classical criterion for numerical stability is the Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy condition. Similarly, explicit integration of a spring-mass mechanical system has a stability condition. These conditions are derived under the assumption of constant time steps. This paper demonstrates the new and perhaps surprising result that numerical instability may occur when time steps vary, even though all steps are substantially less than the constant step criterion.     

Comparison of conventional and ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolics-rich heteroxylans from wheat bran

Various two-step extraction procedures with and without a short application of ultrasound in the first step at various reaction conditions (extracting agent, temperature and time), and constant conditions in the second step (5% NaOH, room temperature, 60 min) were used to isolate the hemicellulose component of industrial wheat bran. The polysaccharides recovered from the extracts were characterised by yield, chemical composition and radical scavenging activity. Similar total yields of polysaccharides were achieved by a short ultrasound-assisted extraction (up to 10 min) in the first step using 0.5% or 2% NaOH, when compared to the classical extraction lasting 60 min, what represents a shortening of the process by about 60% and lower consumption of the NaOH. The extracted polysaccharides comprised a complex of phenolics-rich heteroxylans contaminated to various extents with co-extracted amylose-rich starch as well as protein, which can be in part governed by the extraction conditions. The water-soluble fractions from both the classical and ultrasonics experiments were shown to exhibit significant radical scavenging activity in vitro, indicating their potential application as polysaccharide-based antioxidants.