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1.
锶元素是人体不可缺少的微量元素,饮用富锶矿泉水可以为人体补充锶。目前用于检测富锶矿泉水中锶元素的常规分析方法如原子吸收光谱法、原子荧光光谱法、离子色谱法、电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法/质谱法等,具有检测灵敏度高、检测稳定性好的优点,但是相关仪器体积庞大,价格昂贵,能耗高,有些还需要使用惰性/特殊气体,不适合现场、实时和在线连续监测。因此,发展小型化、低成本、快速的光谱检测对锶元素的有效测量具有重要意义。溶液阴极辉光放电-原子发射光谱法是近年来发展迅速的水体金属离子测量方法,具有检出限低、成本低、小型化等优点。因此,建立溶液阴极辉光放电-原子发射光谱系统,实现了富锶矿泉水中锶元素的浓度测量。实验考察了溶液阴极辉光放电装置中放电电流、溶液流速和pH值等参数对锶的信背比的影响,确定了定量分析元素锶的最佳实验条件:溶液流速1.85 mL·min-1、溶液阴极辉光放电装置的放电电流75 mA,pH 1.0的HNO3作为电解质。选取波长为460.77 nm的光谱线作为锶元素的分析谱线。在上述最佳工作条件下对锶的溶液进行测定,锶元素的发射光谱稳定性为0.52% (n=21)。锶的质量浓度在0.1~20 mg·L-1范围内与其发射强度呈线性关系,线性相关系数为0.999 6。所建立的溶液阴极辉光放电-原子发射光谱法测得锶的检出限为29 μg·L-1。采用搭建的溶液阴极辉光放电-原子发射光谱检测系统测量了市场上常见的三种富锶矿泉水,测量结果与电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法一致。此外,该方法对富锶矿泉水的加标回收率为98.8%~107.6%。结果表明:溶液阴极辉光放电-原子发射光谱法是测定富锶矿泉水中锶的一种有效方法。  相似文献   

2.
水环境中的金属残留严重威胁人类的健康安全,急需快速、高效的金属残留检测技术。文章报道了自行建立的大气压电解液阴极辉光放电发射光谱装置。利用待测液体作为放电阴极进行大气压辉光放电实现了水体中金属离子的痕量检测。对配制的标准样品进行了定量测量,基于背景发射光谱的3σ计算,获得了大气压电解液阴极辉光放电光谱装置对Na,Li,Cu,Pb和Mn等5种金属元素的检测限,分别为0.008,0.005,1.1,2.06和1.95 mg.L-1。该装置在金属残留的实时在线检测领域具有应用前景。  相似文献   

3.
溶液阴极辉光放电-原子发射光谱是一种新颖的快速、高效、实时在线的元素分析方法,它可用于水体金属元素的检测。为了实现对水体中Mn元素准确和稳定的测量,采用溶液阴极辉光放电-原子发射光谱法耦合三台不同入射狭缝和分辨率的便携光谱仪(Maya 2000 Pro)对溶液中的Mn离子进行了检测。实验研究了光谱仪的入射狭缝和分辨率对光谱检测的影响,发现光谱仪的入射狭缝越宽光谱强度越大,光谱仪的分辨率越高得到光谱强度与背景强度的比值越高。实验考察了溶液流速和放电电流对Mn发射光谱的影响,在溶液流速为1.86 mL·min-1和放电电流为65 mA时获得较高信背比。实验测试了在溶液流速为1.86 mL·min-1和放电电流为65 mA的优化实验条件下Mn的光谱检测稳定性,三台便携式光谱仪测量Mn在连续一段时间内光谱强度的相对标准偏差分别为0.59%,0.61%,0.80%,检测的稳定性较好。同时探讨了Mn元素的分析性能参数,获得了较低的背景标准偏差,检出限分别为42.8,65.1,33.8 μg·L-1。实验对标定物质中的Mn元素进行定量分析测量,测量误差在0.02%~2.08%之间,精密度为0.63%~1.54%,加标回收率为97%~99%,表明本方法具有较高的检测准确度和稳定性。研究结果显示,溶液阴极辉光放电-原子发射光谱法耦合便携式光谱仪可用于水体中痕量重金属元素Mn的精确检测。  相似文献   

4.
溶液阴极辉光放电-原子发射光谱法是近年来兴起的一种新型水体金属离子检测技术,它具有快速,在线和低成本检测的显著特点。以工业注射泵实现溶液阴极辉光放电激发源的流动注射进样,再以窄带滤光片分别提取Na,K,Ca,Li,Sr和Cs金属元素发射光谱信号,最后由光电倍增管和皮安表接收光谱信息光谱信号,实现了水质金属元素的检测。实验分析了注射容量分别为100和166 μL对1 mg·L-1的Na元素产生的信号强度的影响,研究发现其信号强度的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为4.64%和1.95%,说明两种注射量稳定性都较好。为了获得更好的分析性能,实验分析了直流放电电压,狭缝的宽度以及光电倍增管供压等参数对信号强度的影响。实验结果表明,在直流放电电压为1 000 V,狭缝宽度为70 μm和光电倍增管供压为-800 V时获得了较高的信背比。采用此装置在流动注射模式下,测得了Na,K,Ca,Li,Sr和Cs六种金属元素检出限,分别为2.78,4.23,589,9.45,981和83.6 μg·L-1。实验最后对混合溶液标定物质中的Na和K元素进行了定量分析测量,测量的误差分别为7.5%和6.67%,精密度分别为1.24%和0.89%,研究结果表明基于滤光片提取光谱的流动注射分析-溶液阴极辉光放电-原子发射光谱方法具有较高的检测准确度。  相似文献   

5.
溶液阴极辉光放电-原子发射光谱是一种新颖的快速、高效、实时在线的元素分析方法,它可用于水体金属元素的检测。为提高其测量精确度和稳定性,将内标法应用于溶液阴极辉光放电-原子发射光谱技术。对K元素建立了标准定标曲线和以H_β为内标元素的定标曲线,内标法测得样品的相对误差和相对标准偏差分别为1.11%,2.14%,精确度和稳定性较之标准曲线法有一定的提高。实验考察了元素谱线强度在同一时段的波动情况,发现元素K和H_β的谱线强度变化趋势稍有不同,而同主族元素K和Rb,Ca和Mg的谱线强度有相同的变化趋势,提出选择与待测元素同主族且谱线强度变化趋势较为一致的元素作为内标元素能更大化校正实验波动的观点。同时探讨了K以Rb为内标元素、Ca以Mg为内标元素以及Mg以Ca为内标元素时的内标法测量的精确度和稳定性,得其相对误差分别为0.49%,0.02%和0.30%,相对标准偏差分别为1.11%,1.13%和0.87%,与标准曲线法和以H_β为内标元素的内标法相比效果更佳。测得自来水样品中Ca元素以Mg为内标的相对误差和相对标准偏差为0.58%,1.03%,Mg元素以Ca为内标的相对误差和相对标准偏差为1.57%和1.10%。研究结果表明,将溶液阴极辉光放电-原子发射光谱技术应用于水体金属元素检测时,内标法可以有效校正实验波动的影响,提高测量的精确度和稳定性。  相似文献   

6.
液体阴极辉光放电-原子发射光谱是近些年兴起的一种水体金属元素检测技术。该技术具有开放大气环境工作,进样简便,体积小,运行费用低,可同时检测多种金属元素等显著特征。根据之前的研究工作可知,金属元素的浓度不仅与自身的某一条谱线强度有关,而且还与自身其他的谱线或者基体中其他元素的谱线强度有关。为提高该技术的检测能力和精度,降低实验过程中基体效应的影响,以及更加充分地利用光谱信息,采用多元线性回归法对光谱信息进行定量分析。选取PbⅠ368.35nm和PbⅠ405.78nm两条特征谱线,建立Pb元素浓度与这两条光谱线强度的二元线性回归方程;相比于标准曲线法,Pb元素的拟合度R2从0.986 5提高到0.998 7,两组Pb测试液的相对误差从34.00%和29.00%降低到14.20%和1.51%。为降低复杂成分中基体效应的影响,建立Na的浓度与NaⅠ589.38nm,ZnⅠ213.8nm,PbⅠ405.78nm和Hβ四条特征谱线强度的四元线性回归方程;拟合度R2从标准曲线法的0.955 8提高到0.995 6,两组Na测试液的相对误差从11.67%和14.71%降低到2.33%和3.57%。以上结果表明:相比于标准曲线法,多元线性回归法可以降低实验过程中基体效应的影响,并且能更加充分地利用光谱信息,能提高拟合度R2,以及降低测量的误差,从而提高液体阴极辉光放电-原子发射光谱定量分析金属元素的精度。  相似文献   

7.
溶液阴极辉光放电技术作为一种新型的光谱检测技术,被广泛应用于环境污染物的分析和检测等方面。虽然该技术具有结构简单以及成本低等优势,但是在重金属检测方面,其灵敏度还有待提高。针对上述问题,搭建了氢化物发生-溶液阴极辉光放电光谱测量系统,实现了对水体中痕量汞(Hg)和锡(Sn)的简单高效检测。为了得到更优的检测效果,实验选取270.64和253.65 nm作为Sn和Hg的特征分析谱线,并将激发源的参数配置为极间距3.5 mm、放电电流60 mA和电解液流速2.12 mL·min-1。同时,实验对影响氢化物反应的相关实验条件进行了研究,得到Sn和Hg的最佳硼氢化钠浓度为2%和1.5%,载气流速为141.50和183.95 mL·min-1,样品溶液pH值为1.0。随后为了进一步分析水体中共存离子对该系统检测性能的影响,实验评估了Pb2+,Ca2+,Zn2+,Cr3+,Cd2+,Na+,K+,Mn2+,Mg2+,Fe3+和Cu2+对氢化物发生-溶液阴极辉光放电技术检测Sn和Hg的干扰情况,结果表明仅Cu2+对两种元素的检测干扰较大,Pb2+对Hg的检测存在一定干扰,其他共存金属离子未表现出明显的干扰情况。基于上述实验条件的优化,在最佳实验参数下利用外标法建立Sn和Hg的定标模型,并计算得到Sn和Hg的检出限分别为6.85和1.05 μg·L-1,溶液信号强度的相对标准偏差均小于3%(n=10)。最后,实验中分别采集了三种不同水质的实际水样,应用所提出的方法对Sn和Hg进行加标回收率研究,用标准加入法测得其加标回收率均在97.77%~103.08%之间。上述结果表明氢化物发生-溶液阴极辉光放电技术在Sn和Hg的检测方面表现出了良好的分析性能,且该方法具有体积小、成本低、抗干扰能力强等优势,有望为水体中重金属的元素检测提供一种更加简便高效的方法。  相似文献   

8.
通过将氢化物发生装置与液体阴极辉光放电发射光谱仪相耦合,建立了一种定量检测海水中痕量硒、砷、汞的方法。实验对氢化物发生的载酸种类和浓度、还原剂浓度以及液体阴极辉光放电装置的放电电压、电解质种类和流速等工作条件进行了优化,确定了联用仪器定量分析硒、砷、汞的最佳工作条件:氢化物发生载酸为5%的HCl,还原剂为1.5%的NaBH_4,液体阴极辉光放电装置的放电电压为1060V,电解质溶液为pH 1的HCl,电解液流速为2.2 mL·min~(-1)。分别选取204.0, 228.8和253.7 nm作为硒、砷、汞的分析谱线,在上述最佳工作条件下对硒、砷、汞的系列混合标准溶液进行测定,硒、砷、汞的质量浓度在2~100μg·L~(-1)范围内与其发射强度呈线性关系,线性相关系数分别为0.999 2, 0.999 4和0.998 5,其检出限分别达到0.54, 0.92和1.91μg·L~(-1),浓度为0.1 mg·L~(-1)的硒、砷、汞的信号值相对标准偏差均小于3%。与单一的液体阴极辉光放电发射光谱相比,硒、砷、汞的检出限分别降低了3个、 4个、 2个数量级。选取国家土壤标准物质GBW07405对联用仪器检测结果的准确度进行了验证,其检测值与参考值一致;将该方法应用于中国黄海沿岸实际海水样品中痕量硒、砷、汞的定量分析,分析结果与电感耦合等离子体质谱法一致,用标准加入法测得其加标回收率在94.9%~105.3%之间。氢化物发生-液体阴极辉光放电发射光谱能够实现快速、准确地对海水中痕量硒、砷、汞的高灵敏在线定量检测。  相似文献   

9.
针对已有的液体阴极辉光放电发射光谱装置,对放电的阴极加了一个锯齿型引流结构设计,锯齿顶端位于毛细管顶部下方2mm处,在液滴刚开始长大时便触到锯齿尖端,进而破坏液滴的表面张力,使液体顺着引流槽流下,从而大大改善了因阴极毛细管顶端液滴的周期性形成和坍塌造成的放电闪烁、电流改变,甚至放电熄灭,此种设计可持续放电至少3小时。利用新的结构还测定了铅、铬、镉、锌、钒、镍、铜、银、钴九种元素的线性方程,九种元素的线性度均在0.97以上,线性较好。仪器对银、铅、铜的灵敏度最好,三种元素的检测限分别为0.048,0.080和0.084mg.L-1,对镍、铬、钴、锌、镉的检测限在0.27~1.60mg.L-1之间,对钒的检测限最高为10.88mg.L-1。  相似文献   

10.
研究了液相隔膜辉光放电发射光谱法对水中钾离子和钠离子的检测性能,考察了外加电压和有机添加剂甲醇对检测灵敏度和检出限的影响。结果表明提高外加电压和添加甲醇能提高检测灵敏度和降低检出限。在电压850V,添加0.6%~0.8%甲醇时钾和钠的检出限分别为0.007和0.001mg·L-1。液相隔膜辉光放电发射光谱法检测水中金属离子具有背景光谱干扰小和灵敏度高的特点。  相似文献   

11.
Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.  相似文献   

12.
A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.  相似文献   

13.
The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.  相似文献   

14.
15.
A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.  相似文献   

16.
Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·104 Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.  相似文献   

17.
A transient suppression method for piezoelectric ceramic transducer is presented. By adding some special pedestal pulses to the original transmitted signal, the transient effects in the output of the transducer can be just precisely transmission by use of a narrowband transducer. canceled, thereby achieving the broadband The experimental results show that the transient responses of the sinusoid pulses and coded signals are suppressed successfully and the acoustic waveforms radiated into the surrounding water are improved significantly.  相似文献   

18.
We experimentally demonstrate amplitude squeezed soliton utilizing intensity-dependent self-phase modulation in an asymmetric Sagnac interferometer.The system.whose components are connected via ferrule connector/physical connection(FC/PC)fiber connectors,constitutes all-fiber configuration to generate squeezed soliton.Soliton amplitude reduction measured by homodyne detection is near 4.0 dB below the shot-noise level.Optimal squeezing fields in both simple and compact all-fiber configuration are obtained.  相似文献   

19.
The(2 1)-dimensional nonlinear Schr(o)dinger(NLS)equation with spatially inhomogeneous nonlinearities is investigated,which describes propagation of light in(2 1)-dimensional nonlinear optical media with inhomogeneous nonlinearities.New types of optical modes and nonlinear effects in optical media are presented numerically.The results reveal that the regular split of beam can be obtained in (2 1)-dimensional nonlinear optical media with inhomogeneous nonlinearities,by adjusting the guiding parameter.Furthermore,the stability of beam regular split is discussed numerically,and the results reveal that the beam regular split is stable to the finite initial perturbations.  相似文献   

20.
In the real-world application of face recognition system, owing to the difficulties of collecting samples or storage space of systems, only one sample image per person is stored in the system, which is so-called one sample per person problem. Moreover, pose and illumination have impact on recognition performance. We propose a novel pose and illumination robust algorithm for face recognition with a single training image per person to solve the above limitations. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is an efficient and practical approach for face recognition.  相似文献   

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