共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
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阐述了基于四元平面十字阵的声音目标被动定位的原理.利用目标与基阵平台分布在不同平面的特点,采用简单的平面阵实现目标的三维定位,简化了布阵的复杂性.针对基于四元平面十字阵的声音目标被动定位算法,分析了野值产生的原因,并研究了水平方位角、垂直俯仰角、时延估计误差度、目标距离、基阵尺寸等因素对野值产生的影响. 相似文献
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摘要单水听器和二元阵时间反转镜处理都可以有效实现目标检测和定位,但多元阵时反镜处理的定位精度和水平定位距离远优于单水听器或二元阵定位处理。本文先简述了时间反转镜定位技术的发展和近况,又详细介绍了多元阵时间反转镜定位技术的基本原理,并借鉴乘积阵处理理论利用射线传播模型给出了多元被动时间反转镜定位的算法和公式。仿真和试验数据处理证明,多元阵时反镜处理效果明显优于二元阵时间反转镜处理,即利用阵增益后时反镜性能改善明显。对四元阵海试数据时间反转镜分析处理结果表明:该方法能实现目标被动定位,且对10公里处静止目标其水平定位误差仅为15%。但该方法运算量太大,很难实现实时运算,因此,其工程应用还有许多问题待解决。 相似文献
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针对水下运动小目标被动探测与定位问题,提出了分段组合子阵联合处理探测方法,各探测子阵采用相互垂直结构布局,克服了单阵方位模糊及无法定位等问题。研究了分段组合子阵的宽带最小方差无畸变失真响应近场聚焦目标定位方法,实现了近程蛙人等水下小目标被动高精度定位。在此基础上,采用卡尔曼滤波算法对目标运动轨迹进行预测估计,将目标定位信息与跟踪轨迹信息进行匹配,实现高背景噪音下的运动小目标的跟踪处理。理论分析及仿真结果表明,分段子阵联合处理能有效对水下运动小目标进行定位和跟踪,海试试验进一步验证了该方法的有效性。 相似文献
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水下声源无源定位是声呐技术重要的研究方向。针对水下声源无源定位问题,本文提出了一种基于格林函数解卷积处理的阵不变量无源定位方法。该方法使用盲解卷积算法从水平阵接收信号中提取时域格林函数,然后采用空域解卷积方法处理得到的时域格林函数,获得波束时间偏移,从波束时间偏移中计算得到阵不变量,解算目标距离,从而实现声源定位。区别于常规阵不变量方法,该方法可以得到更精确的波束时间偏移,从而提升了声源定位精度。仿真和实验数据结果表明,在小孔径水平阵情况下,基于格林函数解卷积处理的阵不变量浅海无源定位方法相较于常规时域处理方法的距离估计精度提高近 40%。 相似文献
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圆合成孔径声呐多点定位运动补偿 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
圆合成孔径声呐(CSAS)的成像性能受平台运动误差影响而下降,利用单侧回波可估计CSAS基阵的斜距误差,但单侧回波在小测绘带时无法估计升沉误差,针对此问题,提出了一种利用单侧回波信号的声呐平台三维运动估计和补偿方法。首先,对CSAS在不同观测角度的目标回波取极大值获得目标回波的到达时间;其次,基于多个点目标的到达时间建立CSAS三维定位模型;然后利用列文伯格-马夸尔特方法对声呐三维坐标进行估计;最后将位置估计结果与时域反投影成像方法结合实现对目标的成像.仿真结果表明:该方法能精确估计声呐平台运动误差,其空间坐标的估计误差小于仿真信号波长的1/8,从而精确补偿了CSAS在不同空间采样点上的阵元回波时间差,显著提高了目标成像质量。湖上试验结果表明,该算法能够实现对CSAS的运动误差补偿。仿真和试验结果均验证了方法的可行性和有效性。 相似文献
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针对单目摄像头工作的双足机器人的视觉定位问题,设计了一种视觉传感器与超声波传感器相结合的信息融合方法,进行目标的识别和定位。对拍摄的图像进行HSV颜色空间的阈值分割得到二值图像,并对其进行形态学滤波处理和Hu轮廓不变矩匹配,以此识别到目标和其重心点图像坐标;建立单目定位模型,用机器人自身的超声波传感器得到与目标物之间的距离,采用Zhang标定法得到摄像机参数,把这些已知数据带入坐标转换,得到目标物在世界坐标系下的坐标,实现定位。借助NAO机器人的平台,将基于信息融合的定位方法和一般单帧图像定位方法进行对比实验。实验结果表明上述方法的误差相对较小,且能得到目标物的三维信息,验证了该定位方法的实际可行性。 相似文献
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针对利用不同阵列对浅海环境中水下目标的定位问题,基于简正波分解方法,对组合阵的目标声源定位性能进行了研究,着力解决在实际实验环境下定位性能不够高的问题,并降低实验设备布放难度.在浅海环境下,基于匹配场理论的声接收阵可实现目标的定位,但定位性能受阵形、阵元数目等影响.通过研究不同声接收阵的简正波分解矩阵,可以有效辨别不同阵形定位性能的优劣.仿真实验表明,当某一子阵简正波分解效果较差时,会降低组合阵的定位性能.基于实际实验的需求,在对短垂直阵和组合阵性能的研究中发现,由于水平阵对接收声场的定位模糊度函数中的旁瓣有抑制效果,从而造成模糊度函数表面上旁瓣较低,定位目标的主旁瓣比有所提升的现象.仿真实验表明,不同组合阵形的定位准确度均在90%以上,基于实际应用的考虑,组合阵无疑是对定位性能和实验复杂度的折中选择. 相似文献
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I.IntroductionTheconceptofmatchedAieldprocessinghasbeenintroducedbyBuckerin1976I1],firsttoapplyittocalculationofpassillgsourcelocalization.Theprincipleofsourcelocalizationisthatthecorrelationfunctionofthemeasuredfieldofavertical(orhorizolltal)arrnywiththecalculatedfieldforthetruesourcepositionislargerthanthatofthemeasuredfieldwiththecalculatedforany'fictitious'sourceposition,ifallestimationsofenvironmentalparametersarebasicallycorrect.Intermsofthismethodwecallobtaillbothinformationsofsourcer… 相似文献
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针对自主式水下航行器如AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle)等水下移动平台,提出了一种超短基线多元阵的快速收敛的高精度声定位方法。通过对比超短基线多元阵定位误差的克拉美罗下界,对阵型结构和阵元数目进行了优化,确定优化的阵列为9元立方阵;融合移动平台行进过程中的多次定位结果,进一步降低定位误差;并利用梯度下降法实现平台轨迹优化,使得系统最快收敛到需要的定位精度。仿真结果表明,在1000 m距离内,利用优化轨迹可以将定位均方根误差快速收敛至预设的0.2%以内.此外,对于海试实验采集数据的目标定位结果显示,对距基阵约700 m及400 m的目标,5元阵定位标准差相较4元阵缩小了约2 m及1 m,验证了多元阵定位方法在实际海洋环境中的有效性. 相似文献
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Single-beacon localization is an advanced (and relatively new) acoustic localization technique. The traditional single-beacon uses non-linear trajectories to localize underwater vessels, which has notable drawbacks in actual underwater operations. To mitigate the limitations associated with non-linear trajectories, we developed an innovative single-beacon localization with linear trajectories. The traditional linearized least square method is not suited to linear trajectories, so we developed a linearized iterative method that includes a virtual long baseline array to analyze the effects of vessel attitude error on single-beacon localization results. We simulated the forward velocity, number of beacons, distance measurement period, and vessel heading impact on horizontal localization. The results showed that according to the proposed analysis method, localization precision is strongly dependent on vessel attitude error. 相似文献
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为了实现对管道泄漏位置的三维定位,该文提出一种基于波达时差法的交叉定位方法。将传感器阵列布放在不同位置,通过波达时差法获取远场泄漏声源的两组空间方位信息,对两组方位交叉求取空间伪交点从而完成定位。建立泄漏定位实验平台,分析了多种互相关方法以及阵列孔径、布放间距、泄漏位置等因素对延时估计和定位精度的影响。实验结果表明:选取基本互相关法对泄漏信号的10 500 Hz分量进行互相关分析,能够获取稳定的延时估计结果;在有效信号检测范围内,增大阵列孔径和布放间距能有效减少误差;该文方法相较于现有波达时差法能有效提高距离原点4 m以上泄漏位置的定位精度。 相似文献
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A parametric loudspeaker utilizes nonlinearity of a medium and is known as a super-directive loudspeaker. In this paper, the sound localization in the vertical direction using the upper and lower parametric loudspeakers is confirmed by listening tests and physical measurements. The differences in levels between the upper and lower parametric loudspeakers are varied as a parameter. The direction of sound localization in the vertical plane can be controlled not only when the acoustical axis is set to the right ear but also when it is set to at 5 deg to the right of the right ear. The effect of the level difference between the upper and lower loudspeakers is weaker than the differences observed when using ordinary loudspeakers. We obtained interesting characteristics of the left-right sound localization in the horizontal plane with the upper and lower parametric loudspeakers in the vertical plane. It is found that by setting the parametric loudspeaker at the right ear (that is, the horizontal angle of a listener to it is only 3 deg to the right), the direction of sound localization in the horizontal plane moved approximately 10 deg to the right. Moreover, by setting the parametric loudspeaker 5 deg to the right, the direction of sound localization moves approximately 20 deg to the right. The ILD (Interaural Level Difference) using a dummy head is calculated from the measured left and right sound signals. It is determined that ILDs of the parametric loudspeaker are larger than those of the ordinary loudspeaker. A simple geometrical acoustic model is introduced and analyzed. The analysis helps to explain the measured characteristics. 相似文献
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van Walree PA Neasham JA Schrijver MC 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2007,122(6):3495-3506
High-rate acoustic communication experiments were conducted in a dynamic estuarine environment. Two current profilers deployed in a shipping lane were interfaced with acoustic modems, which modulated and transmitted the sensor readings every 200 s over a period of four days. QPSK modulation was employed at a raw data rate of 8 kbits on a 12-kHz carrier. Two 16-element hydrophone arrays, one horizontal and one vertical, were deployed near the shore. A multichannel decision-feedback equalizer was used to demodulate the modem signals received on both arrays. Long-term statistical analysis reveals the effects of the tidal cycle, subsea unit location, attenuation by the wake of passing vessels, and high levels of ship-generated noise on the fidelity of the communication links. The use of receiver arrays enables vast improvement in the overall reliability of data delivery compared with a single-receiver system, with performance depending strongly on array orientation. The vertical array offers the best performance overall, although the horizontal array proves more robust against shipping noise. Spatial coherence estimates, variation of array aperture, and inspection of array angular responses point to adaptive beamforming and coherent combining as the chief mechanisms of array gain. 相似文献