具有有源闭合腔的光纤光栅传感系统地址查询技术

基于熔融拉锥技术研制的3 dB宽带耦合器的光纤环形镜的工作原理,提出了一种新型的具有有源闭合腔装置的光纤光栅传感系统。在用作闭合共振腔端镜的环形镜中写入十个波分复用光纤光栅传感元,利用共振腔中接入的法布里-珀罗滤波器,通过控制电压对传感光栅的波长扫描,实现对传感地址的查询。用非平衡的迈克耳孙扫描干涉仪将传感光栅的波长漂移信息变为相移信息,实现传感信号的解调。系统传感灵敏度的实验值为1.5835°/10-6ε,与理论值(1.6662°/10-6ε)基本吻合。     

岩层变形检测的光纤光栅多点传感理论与工程应用

为了监测松散地层沉降变形,提出了一种用于钻孔中植入式光纤Bragg光栅传感器(FBG)的结构和传感网络系统.基于室内实验结果,给出了用于岩层变形检测的传感光栅波长带宽为6 nm,分析了多点传感信号分辨因子,山光源带宽决定的测试系统最大实际复用能力为6个传感器.设计并实现了一个由18个光纤光栅组成的具有特色的光纤Bragg光栅波分复用/空分复用混合阵列.工程实践表明,光纤光栅传感系统采用双同路布置.可提高系统下放后光纤光栅传感器的成活率.     

基于光纤激光器的波分复用光纤光栅传感系统

用传感器光栅串作环形腔激光器的端镜 ,借助腔镜倾角可调法布里珀罗滤波器对波分复用传感元进行波长寻址 ,利用非平衡迈克耳孙扫描干涉仪对来自传感光栅的包含应变信息的波长漂移信号进行解调 ,实验证实系统的应变传感灵敏度为 1 6 6 9°/ με ,与理论值 1 6 78°/ με非常吻合。锁定来自某一光栅的信号后 ,所设计的反馈装置保证了系统具备自动追踪感测信号的能力。     

分布式大容量光纤光栅传感网络的组网技术

基于光纤光栅复用传感原理,结合F-P可调谐滤波技术,采用波分复用与空分复用相结合的方法构建光纤光栅复用传感网络,并对传感网络中的电源、可调谐滤波器、光电探测器、光开关及传感光纤光栅阵列的组成等进行分析和选择,提出了结构优化的分布式、大容量光纤光栅传感网络的组网方案。通过在光路中使用F-P标准具和参考光栅对波长值进行标定和校准,提高了传感系统的测量精度,为构建大容量、高精度、实时性强的光纤光栅传感系统提供了设计参考。分布式大容量光纤光栅传感网络在多点、多参量和大空间范围传感测量领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

长周期光纤光栅折射率传感器的结构优化

为了提高长周期光纤光栅对环境介质折射率的传感灵敏度,提出一种长周期光纤光栅的周期和包层半径的结构优化.基于长周期光纤光栅的耦合模理论,分析了长周期光纤光栅的周期和包层半径的大小分别与环境介质折射率传感灵敏度的关系,讨论了长周期光纤光栅的周期和包层半径对折射率传感的影响以及控制光栅周期与包层半径对折射率传感的重要性.为使...     

基于峰值匹配分布式估计算法的光纤布拉格光栅传感网络重叠光谱的波长解调

针对有限光源带宽条件下光纤布拉格光栅传感网络重叠复用的解调瓶颈,提出基于峰值匹配分布式估计算法的波长解调方法,将光纤布拉格光栅传感网络重叠光谱的解调问题转化为函数优化问题,利用理论光谱与重叠光谱之间的差异构建优化模型,通过峰值匹配分布式估计算法对该优化模型进行求解得到各光纤布拉格光栅的传感值.分布式估计算法采用高斯混合模型构建描述光纤布拉格光栅传感网络的解空间概率分布,由概率模型采样产生新的种群个体,并引入峰值匹配算子消除光纤布拉格光栅峰值错配,通过反复进化最终得到最优解.采用该方法对不同规模数量的光纤布拉格光栅传感网络进行解调实验,结果表明该方法在大规模光纤布拉格光栅光谱完全重叠的情况下,平均误差可控制在10pm以内;与现有其他解调技术相比,其具有更高的解调精度,能够解决光纤布拉格光栅传感网络光谱在部分重叠甚至完全重叠情况下的波长解调问题,为提升光纤布拉格光栅传感网络复用数量提供了新的解调途径.     

VB语言环境下基于串口通信的光纤光栅传感网络分析软件的设计

 为了更方便地编写基于串口通信的光纤光栅传感网络的分析软件,实现对光纤光栅传感网络的远程控制,设计了一种VB语言环境下编写光纤光栅传感网络的分析软件的方法。利用VB语言环境实现了PC机和单片机之间串口通信、PC机对单片机的控制、数据处理以及图形绘制功能。并利用已标定的光纤光栅对可调谐激光器解调法的光纤光栅传感网络及其解调软件的精确性和实用性进行测定。实验结果表明该软件具有设计简单、工作稳定的特点。本文也为光纤光栅传感网络的远程控制和联网控制提出了思路。     

长周期光纤光栅折射率传感器的结构优化

为了提高长周期光纤光栅对环境介质折射率的传感灵敏度,提出一种长周期光纤光栅的周期和包层半径的结构优化.基于长周期光纤光栅的耦合模理论,分析了长周期光纤光栅的周期和包层半径的大小分别与环境介质折射率传感灵敏度的关系,讨论了长周期光纤光栅的周期和包层半径对折射率传感的影响以及控制光栅周期与包层半径对折射率传感的重要性.为使优化的长周期光纤光栅具有实用性,谐振波长设计在1.55 μm的常规波长范围,经过多次摸拟实验,提出最佳优化参量为：Λ=380 μm,rcl=17 μm,对环境介质折射率从1.26~1.38不同值的实验测试,折射率传感灵敏度达到0.000 12,长周期光纤光栅的结构优化获得理想的预期效果.     

极窄带宽的布拉格光纤光栅光谱特性研究

根据理想模展开下的耦合模方程，对光纤布拉格光栅的峰值反射率公式进行了数学推导，得到了布拉格光纤光栅的光谱反射率表达式。全面讨论了光栅周期、光纤栅长、光致折射率微扰最大值等参数与光纤光栅反射光谱的关系。仿真结果显示了固定参数下布拉格光栅的极限窄带宽，得到的反射率为1、带宽为0.02nm的窄带宽布拉格光栅，比现今分布式传感系统中使用的布拉格光栅的带宽窄1个数量级。这种布拉格光纤光栅用于分布式传感系统，可大大提高分布式传感系统中光源的带宽利用率，消除各信号间的相互串扰，提高传感光栅复用数目，降低解调系统成本。     

基于线型腔掺铒光纤激光器的光纤光栅传感实验研究

提出了一种基于线型腔掺铒光纤激光器的光纤布拉格光栅传感解调系统,并进行了理论分析和实验验证。此传感系统具有稳定性好、信噪比高、结构简单等特点。实验结果表明:在常温下光纤光栅传感解调系统能很好的实现光纤光栅传感信号的传感和检测;15m掺铒光纤用作增益介质可以产生较大信噪比的稳定激光输出,系统在4nm范围内的解调精度为0.04nm。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.     

Real-time restoration of rotational blurred image using gradient-loading

The key to the restoration of rotational motion blurred image is how to restore the image under a low cost and to correct the irreversibility of the degradation function matrix.Based on the special qualities of degradation function matrix and precise deduction in space-domain, we present a new approach using gradient-loading for restoration of rotational blurred image.By easily adding a gradient operator, the irreversibility of the original matrix is corrected and can be applied for inverse filtering then.Gradientloading is the optimized approach which combines the advantages of both the approaches using constrained least square filtering and traditional diagonal-loading.Compared with the approach using least square filtering, its peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is improved from 3.18 to 6.46dB, while the computing time is reduced to 1/2-1/3.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, noise-resistibility, robustness, and low complexity of this approach, which make it more suitable for real-time environment.     

All-Optical Logic Device Using Bent Nonlinear Tapered Y-Junction Waveguide Structure

We propose an all-optical logic device made of a bent tapered Y-junction waveguide with a Kerr-type nonlinear interface. It could provide an AND gate, OR gate, and exclusive-OR (XOR) gate. We could obtain different transmission results by adjusting the bending angle. The numerical simulation results show that the device functions as AND, OR, and XOR gates.     

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz imaging by a pyroelectric camera

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz (THz) imaging is demonstrated. A 1.89-THz optically-pumped farinfrared laser is used as the illumination source, and a 124 × 124 element room-temperature pyroelectric camera is adopted as the detector. With this setup, THz images through various wrapping materials are shown. The results show that this imaging system has the potential applications in real-time mail and security inspection.