影响相移光纤分布反馈激光器的增益阈值的因素

本文从理论上分析了在光纤光栅的调制度一样的情况下,影响光纤分布反馈激光器的增益阈值的几个因素:相移量的大小,相移区的长度以及相移区在光纤光栅中的位置.     

Yb3+相移分布反馈光纤激光器的理论分析

对相移分布反馈掺Yb^3 光纤激光器进行了理论分析，发现当相移为π时，增益阈值最小，相移越远离π，增益阈值越大，信号波长越偏离布拉格波长；随着光纤光栅耦合系数的增加，激光器的增益阈值越小，输出功率越大；相移分布反馈光纤激光器的正向和反向输出持性与光纤光栅的相移点的位置有关。     

相移光纤光栅耦合系数控制

为了通过遮挡法实现不同耦合系数π相移光纤光栅制作,分析了刻制过程中的相移形成原理,提出通过调整遮挡区长度和π相移周期次数控制π相移光纤光栅耦合系数的方法.采用传输矩阵法对刻制相移光纤光栅过程中的透射谱变化进行仿真计算,分析了不同光栅条纹可见度下遮挡区长度对相移光纤光栅透射谱的影响.基于不同遮挡区长度进行了相移光纤光栅制作实验,结果表明:通过调整遮挡区长度和π相移出现次数能够实现对相移光纤光栅耦合系数的有效控制.     

非对称相移分布反馈光纤激光器的双向输出波长特性

为了得到单频输出的光纤激光器，常采用带有相移的分布反馈结构，但当耦合强度比较大时，基模的激光功率将集中在相移区，这时，如果相移区太偏离光纤光栅的中心位置，由于空间烧孔效应，相移分布反馈激光器的两端会出现不同的输出波长特性。在接近于相移区的一端，输出为在布拉格波长的基模，而在另一端，输出为位于布拉格波长两侧的一阶模。给出了理论分析和相应的实验结果。     

自放大结构分布反馈光纤激光器输出特性

在光敏性掺铒光纤上制作了45mm长非对称相移结构光纤光栅,构成前后向功率输出比大于100∶1的分布反馈光纤激光器.利用一定长度的掺铒光纤吸收有源相移光栅后的剩余泵浦光,实现了对前向输出激光信号的放大,并采用OptiSystem软件模拟了掺铒光纤长度与增益的关系.为了保持输出激光的窄线宽和低噪音特性,利用布喇格波长与激光相同的光纤光栅和光纤环行器构成光窄带滤波器,对放大后激光信号的ASE噪音进行滤除.研究表明:所设计的激光器结构充分利用了泵浦光,在300mW的(980nm)泵浦功率下获得了功率为32.5mW,线宽为11.5kHz,相对强度噪音为-87dB/Hz的激光输出.     

高频CO2激光脉冲写入的相移长周期光纤光栅

运用矩阵传输法，并结合长周期光纤光栅的模式耦合理论，阐述了相移长周期光纤光栅传输光谱的形成原理.利用高频CO2激光脉冲制作出相移长周期光纤光栅.该方法仅需用计算机绘制光栅结构图形，再由计算机依照此图形控制CO2激光器对普通光纤曝光，就可自动完成光纤光栅的制作.实际制造出一条相移长周期光纤光栅，在1520~1570 nm和1610~1670 nm波长范围内分别呈现出相移图样，相移波段的通带中心波长分别为1546 nm和1640 nm.对光栅进行温度测试，观测1610~1670 nm范围内相移光谱的变化，发现相移光栅的通带及阻带中心波长具有相同的温度变化系数，其数值为0.064 nm/℃，另外又测试了光栅的应变特性，灵敏度约为－0.51 nm/mε.因此在利用光栅温度特性或应变特性做传感的过程中，可以仅测试通带中心波长的变化，实现低成本多样化的测量手段.     

光纤光栅激光器激射波长的研究

一般认为，用光纤光栅作选频元件的光纤激光器，激射波长与光纤光栅中心反射波长一致，本文报道了不同的实验研究结果。通过细致的实验研究，发现光纤光栅激光器激射波长相对于光纤光栅中心反射波长有一定的偏移。激射波长可以出现在光栅中心反射波长的长波端，也可以出现在其短波端。对不同腔结构的掺镱、掺铒光纤光栅激光器的深入研究证明，谐振腔的各向异性对激光器的激射波长偏移起到决定性的作用，波长最大偏移量主要受限于光纤光栅的反射带宽。通过激光腔内的偏振控制器改变谐振腔的各向异性，可以在光纤光栅的反射带宽内控制激射波长的位置。     

单点相移光纤光栅光谱特性的研究与应用

可调谐窄线宽掺铒光纤激光器具有线宽窄、噪声低等优点，在光纤通信、光纤传感、相干探测和合成等方面有广泛的应用。根据传输矩阵法, 利用Matlab软件仿真出单点相移光纤光栅的透射谱，通过对不同相移量、不同相移点位置、不同光栅的长度以及不同纤芯有效折射率的单点相移光纤光栅透射谱进行分析，得到了影响其相移峰的透射率、线宽、位置的主要因素，并提出了一种利用相移量为π且相移点在中点的相移光纤光栅作为滤波窗口的可调谐窄线宽掺铒光纤激光器的方案。     

分布反馈光纤激光器封装工艺

分析了分布反馈光纤激光器的声波敏感机理,发现阻断"弦"结构对声振动的传递和响应是隔声隔振封装工艺的关键.根据分析设计了一种主体为弧形中性轴线槽的封装结构,分布反馈光纤激光器有源相移光栅在一定预拉力下粘结固定在封装结构的槽中,光栅各点均贴附在弧形平面上.实验结果表明,这种结构有效消除了声致弯曲等效应的影响,使激光器窄线宽特性在外界声波和振动冲击下能够得到良好保持.同时,实现了激光波长大范围的温度调谐,波长温度调谐系数由10 pm/℃提高到30 pm/℃以上,且激光器输出性能稳定.     

波长可调谐取样光纤光栅激光器的输出特性研究

建立了具有两个取样周期略有不同的取样光纤光栅反射镜的Vernier波长调谐机制的光纤分布布拉格反射式激光器的数值仿真模型,对激光器的输出特性进行了分析. 研究了激光器输出特性随着激光器前后光栅反射镜波长以及前后光栅反射镜反射率的变化关系. 提出了对两取样光栅反射率的优化配置方案,可以使输出激光的边模抑制比有所提高;同时对波长调节方式也进行了探讨;进行了实验研究. 关键词： 取样光纤光栅 光纤激光器 波长可调谐激光器     

High-power Tm-doped fiber distributed-feedback laser at 1943 nm

We report on high-power operation of a fiber distributed-feedback (DFB) laser fabricated from Tm-doped photosensitive alumino-silicate fiber and in-band pumped by an Er/Yb fiber laser at 1565 nm. The fiber DFB laser yielded up to 875 mW of single-ended output at 1943 nm on two orthogonally polarized modes for 3.5 W of absorbed pump power. Further scaling of the DFB laser output power was achieved with the aid of a simple Tm-doped fiber amplifier stage spliced directly to the DFB fiber without the need of an optical isolator. The maximum output power from the DFB laser and fiber amplifier was >3 W for a combined absorbed pump power of 8.1 W. The influence of thermal loading, owing to quantum defect heating in the Tm-doped core, on the output power and longitudinal mode behavior is discussed, and the prospects for further improvement in performance are considered.     

Linewidth narrowing and polarization control of erbium-doped fiber laser by self-injection locking

A novel and simple self-injection locking (SIL) configuration of distributed feedback (DFB) fiber laser is presented. By injecting the feedback light into the cavity of the fiber laser, it can realize that the line-width can be narrowed by half compared with the same system without SIL. Meanwhile the stable single-polarization lasing is achieved and the degree of polarization is improved from 0.165 to 0.989. Then the self-pulsation behavior of the DFB fiber laser is investigated in the injection-locked and unlocked system respectively and the output power fluctuation is reduced from about 4 to 0.1 dBm by injection locking. And the power output characteristics of the DFB fiber laser are also researched by changing the pump current. With increasing the pump current from 30 to 275 mA, the output power of the DFB fiber laser increases linearly and the injection-locked output increases slightly more quickly than the unlocked output. The results have a great potential application in optical communication and high sensitive fiber sensors.     

高频调制大功率窄线宽分布反馈光纤激光器

研制了一种窄线宽光纤激光器.在有源相移光栅后加一段掺铒光纤,当用980 nm抽运光注入时,首先形成了分布反馈(DFB)光纤激光器,而残余抽运光将铒纤中铒离子从基态抽运到了激发态,对DFB激光实现了有效放大,实现了对残余抽运光的充分利用,节省了功耗、降低了成本;同时利用温控技术克服了DFB光纤激光器的温度敏感问题;将相移光栅黏贴于片状压电陶瓷(PZT)的表面实现了高频调制.实验研制的激光器的最高调制频率为2 kHz、输出功率为15.6 dBm,线宽为300 kHz. 关键词： 分布反馈光纤激光器 窄线宽 大功率 高频调制     

Single-frequency thulium-doped distributed-feedback fiber laser

We have successfully demonstrated a single-frequency distributed-feedback (DFB) thulium-doped silica fiber laser emitting at a wavelength of 1735 nm. The laser cavity is less than 5 cm long and is formed by intracore UV-written Bragg gratings with a phase shift. The laser is pumped at 790 nm from a Ti:sapphire laser and has a threshold pump power of 59 mW. The laser has a maximum output power of 1 mW in a single-frequency, single-polarization radiation mode and is tunable over a few nanometers. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a single-frequency DFB fiber laser that uses thulium as the amplifying medium. The lasing wavelength is the longest demonstrated with DFB fiber lasers and yet is among the shortest obtained for thulium-doped silica fiber lasers.     

基于相位采样光栅的双波长光纤激光器

提出一种基于相位采样的分布反馈式双波长光纤激光器,在不同的空间化置同时引入相位和采样周期的突变.通过理论分析,这种结构能够实现谐振腔的分离,使不同波长的光波利用不同空间位置的增益介质,克服增益介质均匀加宽引起的模式竞争,实现双波长激射.采用准分子激光器和均匀相位模板,在掺铒光纤上制作波长差为0.46 nm的舣波长光纤激光器,能够实现舣波长激射.通过实验,对激光器输出功率和光栅强度的关系进行研究,表明输出功率和光栅强度成反比.     

Influence of laser linewidth on performance of Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry

The effects of optical sources with different laser linewidths on Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry (BOTDR) are investigated numerically and experimentally. Simulation results show that the spectral linewidth of spontaneous Brillouin scattering remains almost constant when the laser linewidth is less than 1 MHz at the same pulse width; otherwise, it increases sharply. A comparison between a fiber laser (FL) with 4-kHz linewidth at 3 dB and a distributed feedback (DFB) laser with 3-MHz linewidth is made experimentally. When a constant laser power is launched into the sensing fiber, the fitting linewidths of the beat signals (backscattered Brillouin light and local oscillator (LO)) is about 5 MHz wider for the DFB laser than for the FL and the intensity of the beat signal is about a half. Furthermore, the frequency fluctuation in the long sensing fiber is lower for the FL source, yielding about 2 MHz less than that of the DFB laser, indicating higher temperature/strain resolution. The experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical simulations.     

对基于光纤光栅的两种水听器灵敏度的讨论

本文简单介绍了基于光纤光栅的光纤布喇格光栅(FBG)水听器以及分布反馈式(DFB)光纤激光水听器的基本工作原理与信号解调的基本方法。在此基础上提出了FBG水听器和DFB光纤激光水听器波长漂移率、压力灵敏度系数、相位灵敏度与相位灵敏度级以及电压灵敏度的定义以及物理涵义.并且对干涉型光纤水听器与DFB光纤激光水听器在相位灵敏度以及物理涵义上的区别进行了说明.     

Stable single frequency and single polarization DFB fiber lasers operated at 1053 nm

Stable single-frequency and single-polarization distributed-feedback (DFB) fiber laser was realized by giving a pressure on the phase shift region of the fiber grating. The output wavelength of the DFB fiber laser is 1053 nm. When the pump power of 980 nm laser diode is 100 and 254 mW, the output power can reach 8.3 and 37.1 mW and the polarization extinction ratio was 26 and 20 dB, respectively. After chopped by Acousto-optic modulator (0.3 Hz), the pulse peak value variance is 4.65%(peak to peak) and 1.098% (RMS) for 31 min.     

A Novel Method for Eliminating Chirp and Compressing Pulses from Gain-Switched Distributed-Feedback Bragg Semiconductor Laser

A novel method is proposed that simultaneously eliminates chirp and compresses pulses from gain-switched distributed-feedback Bragg (G-S DFB) semiconductor laser employing chirped fiber Bragg grating (FBG) with narrow bandwidth. It is demonstrated that with this method, only the central frequency of the FBG is slightly shifted from the central frequency of the G-S DFB laser; the nearly transform-limited narrow pulse with symmetrical waveform can be obtained.     

Specifics of Bragg gratings inscription and characterization in polarization-maintaining Yb-doped fiber for DFB lasers

Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) with a length of about 4 cm and a phase shift of about π are written in the polarization-maintaining fiber doped with ytterbium ions. A tunable polarized single-frequency laser is employed for the measurement of the FBG reflection spectrum. A relatively high spectral resolution allows the estimation of the FBG parameters. Polarized single-frequency ytterbium-doped distributed-feedback (DFB) fiber lasers radiated at about 1.1 μm are constructed using the written FBGs. The passive line width of the laser radiation (about 50 kHz) is estimated from the beat spectrum of the two DFB lasers.