高能激光光束质量β因子的影响因素分析

采用二维线性调频z变换算法,分析了影响高能激光系统光束质量β因子测量准确性的因素。本文详细分析了采样点数(即衍射极限内的采样点数)和衍射光斑图像的能量损失率对光束质量β因子的影响。在衍射极限角直径2(λ/D)范围内不同采样点数的模拟结果表明:采样点数越高,光斑衍射图像的分辨率越高,进而光束质量β因子计算越准确。在一倍衍射极限角2.44(λ/D)范围内应最低不少于10个采样点,即可将β因子的测量误差控制在3%。同时,不同像差对光斑图像能量损失率的敏感程度不同,相同能量损失率下,高阶像差的β因子测量误差要高于低阶像差。特别是球差类的像差对能量损失最为敏感,约5%的能量损失就可带来15%~30%的β因子计算误差。     

激光束衍射极限倍数β的确定方法

针对实用中由于参考光束选择标准不统一导致同一激光束的光束质量衍射极限倍数β因子值不确定的问题,利用衍射理论对各种参考光束的远场衍射特性进行了计算和分析.根据研究结果建议,在测定激光束衍射极限倍数β时,参考光束拟统一选取为与被测光束发射孔径或面积相同的圆形实心均匀光束.     

提高能量密度的超衍射极限激光光束相位补偿技术

定义了激光光束衍射远场光斑压缩前后的能量比以及能量密度比来衡量超衍射极限激光光束的质量。通过利用反向传递算法设计了合适的补偿相位板,不但对准直放大的单一横模激光光束进行小于光学衍射极限的发散度的压缩,同时又保证光束能量集中于压缩后的远场衍射主瓣中,使压缩后的远场衍射光斑的能量密度增加。给出了相应的实例。这一结论不但解决了光学超分辨中光束压缩与能量损失不可避免这一矛盾,而且为发散度小且能量密度高的超衍射极限激光光束的实验工作以及该类光束的实际应用提供了理论基础。     

光纤非相干合成光束在湍流大气中的传输实验研究

进行了六路100 W量级光纤非相干合成光束在实际大气湍流中的传输实验,将六路光斑直径为9 mm的单模光纤光束分别扩束,扩束后的光斑直径为90 mm。基于倾斜镜的合束系统来控制各路光束的指向,在不同强度的湍流条件中,通过主镜口径为440 mm的发射系统水平聚焦传输至470 m处。倾斜控制系统闭环工作时,一倍衍射极限内的桶中功率占目标处总功率的比值是开环工作时的1.7倍左右,随着大气湍流的强度变弱,此比值变大。     

100米无衍射光束的实现

超长距离的准直细光束在大地测量和空间测量中有广泛的应用价值。用能量守恒法设计的无衍射器件是对数面形,很难用传统的方法加工。采用二元光学方法制成的器件实现了沿光轴方向１０ｍ～１２０ｍ这１１０ｍ的超长距离内,无衍射光束的光斑直径小于５ｍｍ。     

源平面相干长度与衍射极限

辐射强度角分布与源平面相干长度之间有着密切联系。源平面相干函数可以看作是所论两点距离的高斯函数,特定的方差距离即光源的相干长度。衍射极限倍数N与匀强平面波源相干长度有确定的关系。但对高斯光束而言,应该用高斯衍射极限倍数M来代替N,以有效地说明光束的相干性。     

不同对准误差下的小孔衍射波面误差分析

点衍射干涉仪中小孔对准误差是影响衍射参考波面质量最主要的误差源。基于瑞利索末菲矢量衍射理论,建立了非傍轴高斯光束经小孔衍射的严格数学描述,对不同对准误差下的小孔衍射波面误差进行了分析,在分析中特别考虑了会聚光斑大小的影响。研究表明:小孔对准误差的引入使得衍射波面偏差迅速增大,且衍射波面偏差随对准误差的增大呈线性增长;相同对准误差下,衍射波面偏差随会聚光斑半径的增大而减小,要获得同等衍射波面偏差,允许的对准误差随会聚光斑的增大呈近同倍数增长。给出了0.5~3μm小孔在不同会聚光斑直径和小孔对准误差下的衍射波面误差分布数据,研究结果可为点衍射干涉仪中会聚透镜的选取、小孔对准精度要求的确定以及小孔衍射波面误差的估计提供重要参考数据。     

圆锥透镜对倾斜球面波光束的衍射模式

由于球面波入射圆锥透镜所产生的出射光束具有焦深长和中心光斑直径较小的特点,适合激光通信以及长距离测量.在实际使用中,入射球面波很可能与圆锥透镜的光轴发生倾斜.研究了圆锥透镜对倾斜球面波光束的衍射特性,通过基尔霍夫衍射理论以及稳相法分析,分析了其径向衍射光场分布形式,并用计算机进行了仿真.使用了半径为15 mm、底角为1°的圆锥透镜进行实验,并对仿真结果进行了验证.仿真和实验证明,减小入射球面波曲率半径、出射光束传输距离和入射光束倾斜角都可以减弱入射光束倾斜对衍射图的影响.     

无衍射光束聚焦后的重建与矫正

基于衍射理论分析了无衍射光束聚焦后重建现象.导出重建后的光场分布表达式,数值模拟了重建光束的光强分布.结果表明,重建光束中心光斑较聚焦前的无衍射光束中心光斑大,而且重建后的光束有较大的发散角,光束随着传输很快扩散,光强迅速衰减.此类光束的应用受到限制.利用另一正透镜对重建后的光束加以矫正.并且由几何光学知识,得到了改变重建光束参量的方法,研究结果拓宽了无衍射光束的应用.用体视显微镜和CCD照相机组成的系统拍摄光束强度分布,实验结果与理论计算相吻合.     

LD泵浦的Nd:YVO_4激光器被动式产生近似无衍射绿光

使用连续式输出的砷化镓半导体激光器泵浦的掺钕钒酸钇激光器作为光源,利用磷酸氧钛钾晶体腔内倍频产生波长为532nm的绿光,通过轴棱锥产生了近似无衍射贝塞尔光束。推导了倍频产生的绿光的场分布,并模拟了倍频绿光经过轴棱锥产生的近似无衍射光束的轴向光强分布图和截面光强分布图。通过实验拍摄了距离轴棱锥不同位置的截面光强分布,测量了无衍射贝塞尔绿光的最大无衍射距离和中心光斑直径,实验数据与理论模拟基本吻合。实验结果说明所述方法产生的倍频无衍射绿光具有良好的光束质量,具有应用价值。     

Beam lifetime measurement and analysis in Indus-2 electron storage ring

In this paper, the beam lifetime measurement and its theoretical analysis are presented using measured vacuum pressure and applied radio frequency (RF) cavity voltage in Indus-2 electron storage ring at 2 GeV beam energy. Experimental studies of the effect of RF cavity voltage and bunched beam filling pattern on beam lifetime are also presented. An equation of stable beam current decay is evolved and this equation closely follows the observed beam current decay pattern. It shows that the beam is stable and the beam current decay is due to the beam–residual gas interaction (vacuum lifetime) and electron–electron interaction within a bunch (Touschek lifetime). The estimated vacuum, Touschek and total beam lifetimes from analytical formulations are also compared with the measured beam lifetime.     

洛伦兹光束的传输特性研究

运用光束传输的二阶矩理论,对洛伦兹光束的传输特性进行了研究,给出了束腰、横向发散角和光束传输因子的表达式.横向束腰仅取决于对应方向上的光束参数;而横向发散角和光束传输因子却取决于两横向上的光束参数.给出了光束传输因子随两横向光束参数的变化关系曲线.结果表明,两横向上的光束传输因子随两光束参数的变化规律是不相同的,而整体的光束传输因子随两光束参数的变化是前两者的综合体现;但在傍轴情形下,光束传输因子趋向于常数141,因此,对于相同束腰,其傍轴条件下的发散性为对应高斯光束的141倍.所以,洛伦兹光束适合用于描述某些发散程度较大的激光光源. 关键词： 洛伦兹光束 光束传输 二阶矩     

质子治疗装置的束流扩展研究

对扩展质子束流的双环双散射体方法进行了探讨, 研究了它的束流分布函数与束利用率和束分布均匀性的关系, 以及照射野形成距离的改变和束偏离对束流分布的影响. 计算了散射体的厚度与照射野的关系, 并提出了用液体散射体代替固体散射体的可能性.     

光束质量因子测量的不确定度分析

 介绍了激光光束质量因子的定义以及测量原理,分析了光束质量因子的数学模型中各个量的不确定度来源以及评定方法,并以实验数据为基础,对具体的实验数据进行了分析计算。提出了减小激光光束质量因子测量不确定度的途径,包括统一激光束直径的确认方法,保证测量条件的稳定以及提高光束质量测量系统的测量精度等。     

非线性共振及束晕-混沌的场强参数特性

通过计算和分析周期聚焦磁场强度和表征束自生场强度的束导流系数的变化对强流粒子束运动特征的影响,系统研究了强流粒子束的非线性共振和束晕现象。采用庞加莱截面技术对束核包络振荡及其单粒子运动轨迹进行了数值模拟,清楚地展示了不同情况下束核包络非线性振荡以及对应的试验粒子空间分布。结果表明:束核自生场使得束核包络发生非线性振荡,随着束核自生场和聚焦磁场的增加,伴随着束核共振岛的出现,单粒子空间分布出现越来越多的束晕粒子。     

Propagation offset characteristics of annular laser beams from confocal unstable resonators through the natural atmosphere

Based on the laser field from a positive confocal unstable resonator (ab initio), the propagation characteristics of the beam through atmosphere are investigated by means of fast Fourier transform (FFT), and it is assumed that the refractive index and absorption of atmosphere are only decided by the air molecules. Considering the thermal effects of the laser beam and wind velocity of air, we evaluate the beam offsets, beam spreading, and beam qualities of the laser field transmitting from the resonator through the natural atmosphere. Meanwhile, the far-field intensity distributions of the laser beam with various intensities in the atmosphere are obtained. It is shown that the far-field diffraction patterns are deformed due to absorption of air and wind velocity. β parameter and Strehl ratio, which are usually used for high-power lasers, are introduced to estimate the beam quality characteristics. With increasing the intensity of the beam, the far-field diagram patterns are outspreaded, the peak intensities reduced, the peak centers shifted, and the beam quality characteristics greatly degraded.     

加速器束流诊断技术的新进展

介绍了加速器束流诊断技术的新进展, 包括束流位置测量技术、束团横向尺寸测量技术和束团长度测量技术. 束流位置测量技术主要介绍具有高位置分辨率的腔型束流位置检测器和数字束流位置处理技术. 束团尺寸测量技术主要介绍高空间分辨率的激光丝扫描器、光学渡越辐射和光学衍射辐射技术. 束团长度测量技术主要介绍高时间分辨率的相干辐射光谱技术、RF横向偏转腔、RF零相位技术和电光采样技术.     

Reflection and transmission of an Airy beam in a dielectric slab

The reflection and transmission of a finite-power Airy beam incident on a dielectric slab are investigated by an analytical method. Based on the plane-wave angular spectrum expansion and Fresnel approximation, the analytical expressions of the reflected field, internal field as well as transmitted field in each region are obtained. Through numerical simulations, the intensity distributions of the incident beam, reflected beam, internal beam as well as transmitted beam are presented at oblique incidence. Besides, we also compare the intensity distributions of the geometrical-optics beam field, the first order beam mode field and the actual beam field, which indicates that the contribution of each order beam mode field to the actual beam field is related to the refractive index of the dielectric slab. Meanwhile, the reflection characteristics of the Airy beams in the special cases of Brewster incidence and total reflection are investigated. Finally, the effects of the optical thickness and refractive index of the dielectric slab on the peak intensity distributions and beam shifts of the reflected and transmitted beams are also discussed in detail. The analytical and numerical results will be useful to analyze the propagation dynamics of Airy beam in the dielectric slab and provide some theoretical supports to the design of optical film.     

Modified hollow Gaussian beam and its paraxial propagation

A model named modified hollow Gaussian beam (HGB) is proposed to describe a dark hollow beam with adjustable beam spot size, central dark size and darkness factor. In this modified model, both the beam spot size and the central dark size will be convergent to finite constants as the beam order approaches infinity, which are much different from that of the previous unmodified model, where the beam spot size and the central dark size will not be convergent as the beam order approaches infinity. The dependences of the propagation factor of modified and unmodified HGBs on the beam order are found to be the same. Based on the Collins integral, analytical formulas for the modified HGB propagating through aligned and misaligned optical system are derived. Some numerical examples are given.     

Fractional Fourier transform of Airy beams

An analytical expression of an Airy beam passing through a fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) system is presented. The effective beam size of the Airy beam in the FRFT plane is also derived. The influences of the order of FRFT, the modulation parameter, and the transverse scale on the normalized intensity distribution and the effective beam size of an Airy beam in the FRFT plane are examined. The order of FRFT controls the effective beam size and the orientation of the beam spot. The modulation parameter affects the effective beam size and the number of lateral side lobes. The normalized intensity distribution and the effective beam size are both proportional to the transverse scale.