电阻应变式传感器原理及其应用举例

电阻式应变传感器应用广泛, 可将位移、 压力、 加速度等非电物理量转换成电阻变化, 从而进行信息采 集. 利用大学物理和物理实验课程中包含的基础知识, 分析电阻应变式传感器的原理并介绍实际使用的典型实例, 以期为大学物理教学提供一个综合的应用型案例     

CAI在高中物理教学中的应用策略

论述了ＣＡＩ软件的设计原则,根据实践阐述了“人一机”交互探讨式教学、演示程序、模拟工具程序和实践的辅助手段等方式在物理教学中的应用策略．     

D.光机式高速摄影系统及其应用

在第十九届国际高速摄影与光子学会议上有关光机式高速摄影系统及应用的论文共有十四篇篇,日本、瑞士和西德各一篇,其余七篇均由我国提供。     

双曲柄式160摄影机在战略靶场中的应用

文章叙述了靶场经纬仪中使用摄影机的类型与特点;指出更新的双曲柄式160摄影机具有技术性能高,操作方便,可靠性好等特点。经受了多种工作考验,为多种试验提供了高精度测量数据,最后给出了几种摄影机应用情况对照表。     

基于OBE理念光电开发及应用专业实验课程思政教学改革与实践

针对现有专业实验教学设备综合性不强、学生实践操作参与度不够及多学科融合和复杂工程问题涉及较少等问题,光电开发及应用实验课程基于OBE理念,将本专业教师科研成果转化为教学项目,采用开放角色扮演和全浸式问题导向教学,教学过程采用BOPPPS教学模式,引导学生进行专业技术应用开发实践,培养解决复杂工程问题的能力．各个环节有机引入课程思政,增加思政量化考核和评价,实现专业课育才育人的目的．     

粒子输运离散纵标方程基于界面修正的并行计算方法

为了改造粒子输运方程求解的隐式格式，研究设计适应大型并行计算机的并行计算方法，介绍一类求解粒子输运方程离散纵标方程组的基于界面修正的源迭代并行计算方法．应用空间区域分解，在子区域内界面处首先采用迎风显式差分格式进行预估，构造子区域的入射边界条件，然后，在各个子区域内部进行源迭代求解隐式离散纵标方程组．在源迭代过程中，在内界面入射边界处采用隐式格式进行界面修正．数值算例表明该并行计算方法在精度、并行度、简单性诸方面均具有良好的性质．     

单板机在粘度测量实验中的应用

单板机在粘度测量实验中的应用韩玖荣，詹鼎（扬州大学２２５００１）一、引言在大学物理实验中，特别是农业院校一般都有粘度测量这个实验．液体粘度的测量有多种方法，旋转法、毛细管法、落球法，最近还有人制成功了超声粘度计［１］。在学生实验中，一般采用毛细管法和...     

空调用贯流风机的内流模拟与性能研究

本文针对空调分体室内机采用的贯流风机的特点,对分体室内机采用四折式蒸发器时的贯流风机系统,采用FLUENT(CFD)软件,进行了2D内流模拟分析,指出了内流中易出现回流的三个位置。结果表明,采用多折式蒸发器结构具有较好的内流特性,具有良好的性能和声质量,并得到试验结果的验证,在产品中得到了应用。     

塑料注射充模流变过程的高速摄影研究

塑料注射成型是加工热塑性塑料的一种主要方法。注射过程中,塑料在注射机料筒和模具中经历着复杂的运动和变化过程,直接影响到充模的过程,和塑料制品的微观、细观、宏观结构(取向、结晶、熔合均匀性等),从而影响到塑料制品的物理—机械性能。所以充模过程是注射成型的核心过程。 本文采用透明模实验装置,对多种模具型腔的注射充模流变过程进行了高速摄影研究。文中介绍了试验装置、光路系统,以及摄影结果,并采用影片运动数据分析处理系统,对园形模腔的充模流变过程进行了定量动态分析,研究了充模流变过程的运动规律。这对完善塑料注射成型工艺的基础理论,摆脱了目前生产中经验式和技艺式处理问题的工作方法,对减少模具设计和工艺参数确定过程中的盲目性具有重要的意义。     

玻璃粘接的GaAs透射式光电阴极的激活

一、引言 GaAs透射式光电阴极在许多应用中是很有意义的。在RSRE(B)研究的透射结构最初是用CaP衬底,但是最近多是采用玻璃衬底,从而得到如图1所示的结构形式。这种结构比早期的GaAs透射式光电阴极更坚固而且更便于操作。不过,初期的工作表明,如     

Evaluation of process parameters of ultrasonic treatment of bacterial suspensions in a pilot scale water disinfection system

In this study, several process parameters that may contribute to the efficiency of ultrasound disinfection are examined on a pilot scale water disinfection system that mimics realistic circumstances as encountered in an industrial environment. The main parameters of sonication are: (i) power; (ii) duration of treatment; (iii) volume of the treated sample. The specific energy (E_s) is an indicator of the intensity of the ultrasound treatment because it incorporates the transferred power, the duration of sonication and the treated volume. In this study, the importance of this parameter for the disinfection efficiency was assessed through changes in volume of treated water, water flow rate and electrical power of the ultrasonic reactor. In addition, the influences of the initial bacterial concentration on the disinfection efficiency were examined. The disinfection efficiency of the ultrasonic technique was scored on a homogenous and on a mixed bacterial culture suspended in water with two different types of ultrasonic reactors (Telsonic and Bandelin). This study demonstrates that specific energy, treatment time of water with ultrasound and number of passages through the ultrasonic reactor are crucial influential parameters of ultrasonic disinfection of contaminated water in a pilot scale water disinfection system. The promising results obtained in this study on a pilot scale water disinfection system indicate the possible application of ultrasound technology to reduce bacterial contamination in recirculating process water to an acceptable low level. However, the energy demand of the ultrasound equipment is rather high and therefore it may be advantageous to apply ultrasound in combination with another treatment.     

Hybrid reactor based on combined cavitation and ozonation: From concept to practical reality

The present work gives an in depth discussion related to the development of a hybrid advanced oxidation reactor, which can be effectively used for the treatment of various types of water. The reactor is based on the principle of intensifying degradation/disinfection using a combination of hydrodynamic cavitation, acoustic cavitation, ozone injection and electrochemical oxidation/precipitation. Theoretical studies have been presented to highlight the uniform distribution of the cavitational activity and enhanced generation of hydroxyl radicals in the cavitation zone, as well as higher turbulence in the main reactor zone. The combination of these different oxidation technologies have been shown to result in enhanced water treatment ability, which can be attributed to the enhanced generation of hydroxyl radicals, enhanced contact of ozone and contaminants, and the elimination of mass transfer resistances during electrochemical oxidation/precipitation. Compared to the use of individual approaches, the hybrid reactor is expected to intensify the treatment process by 5–20 times, depending on the application in question, which can be confirmed based on the literature illustrations. Also, the use of Ozonix® has been successfully proven while processing recycled fluids at commercial sites on over 750 oil and natural gas wells during hydraulic operations around the United States. The superiority of the hybrid process over conventional chemical treatments in terms of bacteria and scale reduction as well as increased water flowability and better chemical compatibility, which is a key requirement for oil and gas applications, has been established.     

超临界水冷堆中子能谱计算及安全性分析

超临界水堆是国际第Ⅳ代核能系统论坛推荐的六种第Ⅳ代核电反应堆堆型之一,与现有的轻水堆相比,具有热效率高、系统结构简单、造价低等优点。建立了MCNP程序下的超临界水堆堆芯物理计算模型,解决了燃料组件几何结构过于复杂精细难以建模的技术难题;考虑了堆芯轴向冷却剂密度的不均匀分布,计算并分析各区域的中子能谱分布;对失水事故下的超临界水冷堆安全性进行了分析,研究了不同区域冷却剂丢失程度对反应性及有效增殖系数的影响,表明所设计堆型具有较高的安全性;分析处理失水事故的应对措施,验证了使用注入硼水措施处理超临界水冷堆失水事故的可行性。     

Insights into the scalability of magnetostrictive ultrasound technology for water treatment applications

To date, the successful application of large scale ultrasound in water treatment has been a challenge. Magnetostrictive ultrasound technologies for constructing a large-scale water treatment system are proposed in this study. Comprehensive energy evaluation of the proposed system was conducted. The effects of chosen waveform, scalability and reactor design on the performance of the system were explored using chemical dosimetry. Of the fundamental waveforms tested; sine, triangle and square, the highest chemical yield resulted from the square wave source. Scaling up from the 0.5 L bench-scale system to the 15 L large-scale unit resulted in a gain of approximately 50% in sonochemical efficiency (SE) for the system. The use of a reactor tank with 45° inclined sides further increased SE of the system by 70%. The ability of the large scale system in removing contaminants from natural water samples was also investigated. The results revealed that the large-scale unit was capable of achieving a maximum removal of microbes and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of 35% and 5.7% respectively at a power density approximately 3.9 W/L. The results of this study suggest that magnetostrictive ultrasound technology excited with square wave has the potential to be competitive in the water treatment industry.     

Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Application for Pollution Control in Industrial Processes

Economic application of atmospheric pressure plasma technology for industrial pollution control requires fulfilling two propositions: First application of pollution control technologies needs to result in clear environmental, health, or safety benefits motivating political measures. Second plasma technology needs to be competitive as compared to other available pollution control technologies. Thus in this article methods for the evaluation of atmospheric plasma application for industrial pollution control are reviewed: Examples of emission regulations and emission control technologies are given. Requirements of industrial scale emission control and of thermal and non‐thermal exhaust gas treatment technologies are described. The potential of various non‐thermal plasma reactor concepts for cost effective treatment of industrial scale gas flows is analyzed, and methods for the evaluation of plasma energy balance and plasma chemical kinetics are given for them. How to deal with shortcomings of atmospheric pressure plasmas such as lack of plasma‐chemical selectivity is addressed in a section about plasma‐catalytic hybrid processes. Further the progress made recently in electrostatic precipitation is reviewed, and the importance of electro‐hydrodynamic effects for the reactor design both for electrostatic precipitation and for plasma chemical pollution control is considered. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

煤炭超临界水流化床制氢反应器内颗粒流动及传热特性的数值分析

煤炭超临界水气化是极具发展前景的高效洁净煤转化利用技术,深入研究反应器内流动和传热过程对反应器的设计及优化具有重要意义.本文基于欧拉-拉格朗日方法,耦合化学反应动力学模型,建立了煤炭超临界水流化床制氢反应器的三维瞬态CFD模型,研究了反应器内流动和传热特性、颗粒及产物组分的分布转化规律,得到了煤炭颗粒表面的对流和辐射换热系数,并从传热学的角度,揭示了颗粒粒径对煤炭转化速率的影响机理。     

Laser Driven Fusion

Laser-driven fusion, although requiring the use of an unusual source of pulsed energy, depends in its main features on well known and verified results of hydrodynamics and nuclear physics. Under optimized conditions these allow energy breakeven by the fusion process to occur under conditions which appear to be well within the range of present technology. Achieving the energy multiplication required for practical application is expected to be more difficult but not infeasible within short-range projections of the development of laser technology. The feasibility of laser-driven fusion power plants appears to rest more on pellet and laser ecomonics than on reactor technology. The study of these problems is underway and will certainly be greatly intensified as the prediction of the basic processes is experimentally confirmed.     

The R/D of high power proton accelerator technology in China

In China, a multipurpose verification system as a first phase of our ADS program consists of a low energy accelerator (150 MeV/3 mA proton LINAC) and a swimming pool light water subcritical reactor. In this paper the activities of HPPA technology related to ADS in China, which includes the intense proton ECR source, the RFQ accelerator and some other technology of HPPA, are described.     

Research on the influence of conductivity to pulsed arc electrohydraulic discharge in water

Pulsed arc electrohydraulic discharge (PAED) is a kind of thermal plasma arc discharge phenomenon which can generate strong pressure wave, ultraviolet ray and active groups. Therefore, PAED can act as a significant role applying on the technology of water treatment and it has broad application prospects. Compared with the existing water treatment mechanism, the technology of PAED possesses the most sterilization efficient and no secondary pollution. There are a huge number of plasma, active groups and gas liquid mixtures generated between the two arc electrodes in the water medium when the streamer discharge voltage is 3∼5 kV. In addition, water conductivity is also changed with the development of pulse arc electrohydraulic discharge which should be the prime importance in the process of PAED. In this article, firstly we analyzed the discharge mechanism on the process of pulsed arc electrohydraulic discharge. After that how the conductivity had played a major role in the process of pre-breakdown discharge and the main discharge processes will be discussed in detail. Experiments were conducted to research the relation among the conductivity, the pressure wave, active groups, ultraviolet light, discharge current and voltage generated from PAED. In finally the result can become a basis for using the water treatment tech of pulsed arc electrohydraulic discharge on different conductivity.     

Plasma‐Based Pollutant Degradation in Gas Streams: Status,Examples and Outlook

The status of the research into and the application of non‐thermal plasmas for the pollutant degradation in gases is discussed, including some fundamental topics and engineering issues. Two reactor concepts, both based on dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs), are presented and investigated for various tasks. The DBD‐stack reactor shows a very good scalability and was investigated for the oxidation of NO in combustion gases (shipping diesel engine exhausts). The oxidation processes were significantly enhanced by the admixture of hydrocarbons. Significant NO conversion at low specific energy densities below 100 J/L were achieved in laboratory and test bench studies. The water falling film reactor demonstrated its feasibility for the removal of hydrocarbon pollutants from gases. Undecane, a long‐chain, harmful hydrocarbon, was decomposed. The conversion of non‐soluble compounds into soluble ones (formic acid) is a promising development towards a compact plasma‐assisted scrubbing technology. These approaches are good progress not only in the field of environmental plasma application, but also for indoor air quality, hygiene, and plasma synthesis. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)