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1.
查济璇 《应用声学》1989,8(6):41-41
不少年来人们一直在致力于探索高温下固体中超声声速的测量方法。其主要困难是测量所用的压电换能器能承受的温度有限制。为此而采取的措施有:加进足够长的耦合棒;选用能隔热的耦合剂;采用短时接触的传声方法;以及采用非接触方式的电磁声换能方法等。但所有这些仍未能使问题得到满意的解决。为此本文提出了一种全面激光遥测的方法,即用一套激光系统来激发超声脉冲,同时又用另一套激光系统来测量该声脉冲在样品中的传播时间,从而得出被测样品的超声声速。被测样品被密封在高温真空炉中,激光束则通过炉壁上的透光窗孔射入和射出。使测量装置与被测样品完全分离开,成为一套不受工作温度限制的遥测系统。  相似文献   

2.
该文从理论上分析了不同泵浦波形下的荧光衰减规律,提出了一种在不同泵浦波形下测量荧光寿命的新方法——双脉冲探测法,即利用探测泵浦脉冲与荧光衰减脉冲的方法测量荧光寿命。通过对样品钕玻璃及Cr:ZnSe晶体的荧光寿命测量表明:利用该方法在不同泵浦波形下能够实现可见及近红外到中红外激光介质的荧光寿命测量。因此,利用该测量方法能够方便、有效的避免通过解卷积求样品荧光寿命的繁琐过程,对测量激光介质在不同泵浦波形下的荧光寿命具有参考价值。  相似文献   

3.
根据声速与材料弹性常量之间满足的克里斯托菲尔方程,利用超声脉冲法测量了超磁致伸缩材料中超声波沿不同方向传播的声速,计算出超磁致伸缩材料的弹性常量.利用电磁铁激发均匀的外磁场,测量了超磁致伸缩材料中超声波沿不同方向传播的声速与外磁场的关系,研究了超磁致伸缩材料的弹性常量随外磁场的变化规律.通过对传统固体介质声速测量实验内容的扩展与升级,不仅加深了学生对超声脉冲法测量声速原理的理解,还使传统的实验项目焕发了新的生命力.  相似文献   

4.
飞秒激光双脉冲在研究光泵浦的超快瞬态过程领域具有重要的应用价值,如何实现高准确度的飞秒激光双脉冲的实时测量显得尤为重要.本文提出了一种基于自相关法的飞秒激光双脉冲参量的测量方法,可实现对共光路传输、具有飞秒至皮秒级时间间隔的飞秒激光双脉冲的脉冲间隔、脉冲宽度和强度比的实时测量.实验中采用自相关仪测得了双折射晶体(钒酸钇)分束出的飞秒激光双脉冲的自相关曲线,并用非线性拟合算法求得了飞秒激光双脉冲的脉冲间隔、脉冲宽度和强度比参量.实验结果表明,本文方法与互相关测量方法相比,克服了参考脉冲参量的不确定性对检测准确度的影响,使测量平均准确度提高了48%以上.  相似文献   

5.
赵昆  许思源  江昱佼  高亦谈  刘阳阳  何鹏  滕浩  朱江峰  魏志义 《物理学报》2018,67(12):124203-124203
超快激光经过透明介质时由于非线性作用光谱会得到展宽,甚至能够产生超过一个倍频程的相干超连续光谱,这样的光源能够压缩得到几个甚至单个光周期的超短脉冲,并在现代超快科学的各个领域得到了广泛应用.实验中已经在气体、液体和固体中都观测到了光谱的展宽,目前较为成熟的方法是使用充满惰性气体的空芯光纤和具有高非线性效应的固体材料展宽光谱.但空芯光纤由于芯径限制无法用于高能量激光脉冲的光谱展宽,而固体材料又容易被高功率密度的脉冲激光损坏.随着激光技术的发展其脉冲能量不断提高,一种新的、利用多片薄固体介质实现光谱展宽的方式被提出.多片薄的非线性介质可以实现光谱展宽的逐片累积,而且避免了激光在介质中因自聚焦产生过高功率密度带来的损坏.目前使用这种方法已经在实验上得到了近毫焦尔量级的倍频程光谱,覆盖了近紫外到中红外的整个区域,并实现了脉冲压缩.本文简要回顾了超快激光在固体中光谱展宽的发展历程,概述了新型薄片固态介质产生超连续光谱的原理,对近年来使用此新方法的实验进行了简要分析,并对其发展前景进行了展望.  相似文献   

6.
提出一种基于光克尔门空间扫描的单次激光信噪比测量方法.在该方法中,门光和探测光在光克尔介质中正交传输,通过光克尔门对探测光的空间扫描实现激光信噪比测量.采用该测量方法进行了单次激光信噪比测量的实验研究,测得时间窗口和分辨率分别为88.2ps、2.7ps.由于取样门是由光克尔效应来控制,因此该激光信噪比测量方法对于待测激光的波长没有限制.  相似文献   

7.
超声传播速度和衰减值的测量,作为超声基本量的测量和超声技术的一些应用,都有着重要的意义。多次脉冲反射法是目前超声测声速、声衰减等工作中最常用的方法,尤其对体积不大的固体材料的测量中,用得更多。用这类方法测声速时,都需要测定超声脉冲在被测样块内在返一次所经历的时间。而对这一时延值的确定,目前来说,有着两种方案,即当超声脉冲往返一次反射后,或者依据它的包络的相应时延直接确定;或者依据它的射频相位的比较来推算确定。前者测量方法和设备较简单,后者测量结果的精度较高。  相似文献   

8.
温度梯度场对电声脉冲法空间电荷测量波形的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
陈曦  王霞  吴锴  彭宗仁  成永红 《物理学报》2010,59(10):7327-7332
电力设备运行中的温升现象严重影响绝缘的使用寿命,因此高温下的空间电荷测量引起了许多学者的关注.但温度升高时,聚合物材料的声阻抗、Young模量、密度、声波在其中传播的速度、衰减特性均发生变化,因此无法准确测量出介质中的空间电荷特性.而对于温度梯度场下的绝缘介质(如电缆发热场)的空间电荷测量,温度的梯度分布对介质的声阻抗、弹性模量、密度、声速及声波衰减的影响将更为复杂.本文基于电声脉冲测量方法中声波的传播特性和温度对聚乙烯材料特性的影响,分析了温度梯度场对空间电荷测量结果的影响并进行了波形恢复.  相似文献   

9.
本文讨论采用静电换能器实施脉冲回波重合法以精密测量固体介质的声速.由于静电换能器的非接触特性,避免了耦合层修正且容易实现正确的周期重合,从而大大提高了测量系统的性能.本文推导并计算了使用静电换能器时的回波测量系统的衍射修正量,设计并制作了ESO型固体声速仪及其探头装置.对几块玻璃和铝试样的测量结果表明,本测量系统测量声时的精度达到射频周期的1/500,即当超声频率10MHz时,声时测量精度达到0.2ns.  相似文献   

10.
提出一种基于光克尔门空间扫描的单次激光信噪比测量方法.在该方法中,门光和探测光在光克尔介质中正交传输,通过光克尔门对探测光的空间扫描实现激光信噪比测量.采用该测量方法进行了单次激光信噪比测量的实验研究,测得时间窗口和分辨率分别为88.2ps、2.7ps.由于取样门是由光克尔效应来控制,因此该激光信噪比测量方法对于待测激光的波长没有限制.  相似文献   

11.
Gelation is a complex reaction that transforms a liquid medium into a solid one: the gel. In gel state, some gel materials (DMAP) have the singular property to ring in an audible frequency range when a pulse is applied. Before the gelation point, there is no transmission of slow waves observed; after the gelation point, the speed of sound in the gel rapidly increases from 0.1 to 10 m/s. The time evolution of the speed of sound can be measured, in frequency domain, by following the frequency spacing of the resonance peaks from the Synchronous Detection (SD) measurement method. Unfortunately, due to a constant frequency sampling rate, the relative error for low speeds (0.1 m/s) is 100%. In order to maintain a low constant relative error, in the whole speed time evolution range, Chirp-Z Transform (CZT) is used. This operation transforms a time variant signal to a time invariant one using only a time dependant stretching factor (S). In the frequency domain, the CZT enables us to stretch each collected spectrum from time signals. The blind identification of the S factor gives us the complete time evolution law of the speed of sound. Moreover, this method proves that the frequency bandwidth follows the same time law. These results point out that the minimum wavelength stays constant and that it only depends on the gel.  相似文献   

12.
声透镜对多层样品的光声层析成像   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
魏亚东  吴云霞  张志坚 《光学学报》2012,32(6):611002-72
由于光声效应产生光声压分布图像,所以当强散射介质中的模拟吸光组织在受到短脉冲激光照射时,该声压分布会经声透镜成像在像平面上。在像平面上利用线性超声探测器阵列获取光声信号并传递给高速数据采集卡进行数据采集,可由程序重构出光声图像。设计的光声层析成像系统可以采集记录一定深度的数据,成像时只要在所采集到的数据中选取不同列数即可同时获得强散射介质多层样品不同层面的光声图像。实验成功地获得了强散射介质内多层样品不同层面的光声层析图像。该成像方法无需进行复杂的算法重建,且可以同时实现多层样品不同切面的光声成像。  相似文献   

13.
声速不均匀介质的光声成像重建算法   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
张弛  汪源源 《光学学报》2008,28(12):2296-2301
为提高声速不均匀介质的光声成像精度,提出一种基于反卷积的光声成像重建算法.本算法不需预先知道介质的声速分布.先通过探测到的光声信号构造出一个新函数,并用不同位置探测到的光声信号间的相关性来估计空间两点间的声波传播时间,以补偿声速的不均匀性.然后基于反卷积方法由该函数解出待测组织内的电磁波吸收分布.仿真研究结果表明,当介质声速差异在10%以内时,重建图像能正确反映待测目标的大小、位置和电磁波吸收系数,算法具有良好的抗噪性能.由于生物软组织内的声速差异一般小于10%,因此本算法是一种有效的光声成像重建算法.  相似文献   

14.
Using self-contained acoustic buoys developed at the Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, experiments are performed to verify the possibility of acoustic tomography in a local region of a shallow-water sea. In the experiments, compound phase-manipulated signals are transmitted and the time responses of the medium are measured using three bottom-moored receiving and transmitting transducers separated by a distance of about 1 km. Identification of different groups of rays using simple models of the medium is considered. The results of reconstructing the sound and current velocities are compared with the data of independent measurements. The experiment is performed in complex weather conditions as an anticyclone passed to the experimentation region. It is shown that this acoustic tomography method is somewhat advantageous in the case of the absence of volumetric scatterers in the water bulk when the Doppler method of measuring currents fails.  相似文献   

15.
基于声透镜成像系统的光声层析成像   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
陈湛旭  唐志列  万巍  何永恒 《物理学报》2006,55(8):4365-4370
光声成像是采用“光激发-超声波成像”的新型成像技术,它是检测强散射介质内部光吸收分布的一种有效医学影像技术.用短脉冲激光照射强散射介质(如生物组织),强散射介质由于光声效应产生超声信号,使用具有成像能力的声透镜把声压分布成像于像面上,然后利用具有空间分辨能力的阵列光声传感器,把同一像面上的光声信号强度记录下来,最后根据光声信号强度的空间分布进行图像重组.根据成像系统物像共轭原理,同一物平面的光声信号到达像面的时延相等,而不同物面的光声信号到达同一个探测器平面的时延各不相同,因此,利用BOXCAR的门控积分 关键词: 光声层析成像 声透镜 光声信号  相似文献   

16.
为了实现单元探测器高质量的快速光声图像重建,提出了不同旋转扫描次数对光声层析成像的影响方案。实验采用的光源为YAG激光器,波长为1 064 nm,重复频率为20 Hz,脉宽为7 ns,探测器为针状的PVDF膜水听器,接收直径为1 mm,得到了26个字母、12根头发丝、树叶骨架和模拟血管的光声重建图像。由仿真和实验结果表明,在不牺牲光声重建图像质量的前提下,单元探测器环形扫描一圈,均匀采集100个位置的信号,图像重建时间为5.903 s。该研究结果对于单元探测器的快速旋转扫描成像和环形阵列探测器阵元数的设计具有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

17.
Broadband sound propagation in shallow water and geoacoustic inversion   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Part of an experiment to test a measurement package in a shallow water region in the Gulf of Mexico was designed to gather broadband acoustic data suitable for inversion to estimate seabed geoacoustic parameters. Continuous wave tow acoustic signals at multiple frequencies and broadband impulsive source signals were recorded on a horizontal line array in a high-noise environment. Simulated annealing with a normal mode forward propagation model is utilized to invert for a geoacoustic representation of the seabed. Several inversions are made from different data samples of two light bulb implosions, the measured sound speed profiles at the HLA and at the positions of the light bulb deployments, and for two different cost functions. The different cost functions, measured sound speed profiles, and measured time series result in different inverted geoacoustic profiles from which transmission loss is generated for comparison with measurements. On the basis of physical consistency and from the comparison of the transmission loss and time series, a best estimate geoacoustic profile is selected and compared to those obtained from previously reported inversions. Uncertainties in the sound speed profile are shown to affect the uncertainties of the estimated seabed parameters.  相似文献   

18.
The two-point correlation function of diffuse noise fields produced by distributed random sound sources carries useful information on the medium of sound propagation. Such information can be used for performing passive acoustic tomography of the ocean. In a number of cases that are important for practice, the noise field in the ocean is predominated by contributions of individual point sources. Here, a theoretical study is presented on the possibility of determining the sound speed and current velocity in the water column by the correlation processing of reverberation signals measured by two vertical receiving arrays. In other words, we study the possibility of replacing the diffuse noise produced by a great number of delta-correlated sources by waves generated by a localized source and scattered at the rough surface and bottom of the ocean for sensing the medium. The correlation function of scattered waves is calculated by using the method of small perturbations. It is shown that the correlation processing of the scattered waves offers an opportunity of measuring the acoustic nonreciprocity and reconstructing the field of sound speed in the fluid, without using any acoustiLc transceivers.  相似文献   

19.
Chen SL  Xie Z  Carson PL  Wang X  Guo LJ 《Optics letters》2011,36(20):4017-4019
We recently proposed photoacoustic correlation spectroscopy (PACS) and demonstrated a proof-of-concept experiment. Here we use the technique for in vivo flow speed measurement in capillaries in a chick embryo model. The photoacoustic microscopy system is used to render high spatial resolution and high sensitivity, enabling sufficient signals from single red blood cells. The probe beam size is calibrated by a blood-mimicking phantom. The results indicate the feasibility of using PACS to study flow speeds in capillaries.  相似文献   

20.
In search of a noncontact underwater acoustic source   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
The history of studies of the photoacoustic effect in liquids and its applications to the development of a “virtual” source of underwater acoustic signals is briefly reviewed. The problem of the efficiency of the photoacoustic conversion is considered. The modes of laser generation of sound, i.e., the thermooptical, nonlinear surface, and nonlinear bulk modes of operation, are discussed taking into account the real features of the marine environment, the most important of them being the surface waves. A review of the publications concerned with the problem of a moving photoacoustic source is presented. Advances in the photoacoustic underwater remote sensing technology are described.  相似文献   

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