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1.
郭凯敏  高勋  薛念亮  赵振明  李海军  鲁毅  林景全 《物理学报》2011,60(10):105203-105203
对飞秒激光等离子体单丝的导电性能进行空间分辨研究. 在消除测量时引入的接触电阻的影响后,得到单丝电阻在280-630 kΩ/cm范围. 为了进一步研究单丝的导电性能,对单丝诱导放电能力进行了空间分辨测量. 结果显示,最低放电阈值降低至自发放电的~50%. 从每段细丝的电阻和诱导放电阈值的空间分布看出:在成丝阶段,二者的变化趋势基本一致,细丝的电阻值和放电阈值均在焦点附近出现迅速下降. 将每段细丝的电阻和放电阈值相对应,建立了细丝诱导放电阈值-电阻的线性拟合关系,证实了细丝电阻对放电阈值的影响. 关键词: 飞秒激光 等离子体丝 电阻率 接触电阻  相似文献   

2.
介绍了双臂电桥测量低值电阻的理论,通过改变QJ44型双臂电桥连接法测量金属棒的电阻率及引线电阻和接线头的接触电阻.实验表明:电阻率的测量结果与引线电阻和接触电阻无关,从实验上说明了双臂电桥要四端接线的必要性.  相似文献   

3.
用声学诊断方法对超短脉冲强激光在空气中传输形成的等离子体通道进行了测量,根据通道不同位置的声音信号,得到了通道的长度和通道内电子密度等信息. 关键词: 声学测量 等离子体通道  相似文献   

4.
使用荧光探测和声学诊断两种方法,对超强飞秒激光脉冲在空气中传输形成的等离子体通道同时进行了测量.两种方法都很好地反映了等离子体通道的演化过程.对两种方法的比较研究发现,声学诊断相对于荧光探测方法来说,具有较高的灵敏度和空间分辨能力,实验装置也更简单,更适宜于等离子体通道的常规测量. 关键词: 强飞秒激光等离子体通道 荧光探测 声学诊断  相似文献   

5.
闪电放电通道的电阻及电流产生的热效应对雷电灾害研究以及防护设计都具有重要意义,放电通道的热力学特性与其等离子体辐射光谱密切相关。利用无狭缝摄谱仪获得的两次云对地多回击闪电放电的等离子体辐射光谱,依据谱线波长、强度等信息,结合同步地面电场变化资料,应用空气等离子体传输理论,计算了闪电回击放电通道的电导率、峰值电流、核心通道半径,进而得到了闪电回击等离子体通道单位长度的电阻、峰值电流时的热功率及在回击初始前5 μs内通道储存的热能。并与常规金属导体进行比较,分析了闪电回击放电在峰值电流时等离子体通道的热功率与电阻、电流平方之间的相关性关系。结果表明:利用光谱研究得到的闪电放电通道的电阻为0.04~8.41 Ω·m-1、峰值电流时的热功率为0.88×108~2.20×108 W·m-1、回击初始前5 μs内通道储存的热能为1.47×102~3.66×102 J·m-1,以上结果与文献报道的利用其他方法得到的结果相比,在合理的范围内;与常规金属导体相比,闪电回击放电等离子体通道在峰值电流时的热功率与电阻成正比,但与电流的平方呈指数减小的关系;由于闪电等离子体通道的电阻与温度的3/2次方成反比,通常回击放电通道中峰值电流越大,通道温度越高,而电阻会迅速降低,因此热功率也会急剧减小。此结论进一步验证了采用欧姆加热方法加热等离子体的致命缺点。  相似文献   

6.
采用高真空下(2~3×10-5Pa)原位,低温(77K)解理,高速原位蒸发金膜的方法,我们得到了接近"本征"的CuO2/Au接触界面.测量结果显示接触界面为欧姆接触.四端法测量的结果显示这样的界面有着较小的电阻率(<1.5×10-8Ωcm2).我们认为,一种可能是因为临近效应的影响造成了CuO2/Au接触界面电阻的消失,而所测量到的剩余电阻实际应为外电路引入的电阻,而另一种可能是界面仍然存在一极小的欧姆接触电阻.这将对研究高温超导体与金属接触的界面性质有着积极的意义.  相似文献   

7.
水和乙醇对纳米管结构聚苯胺电阻率的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
研究了水和无水乙醇对萘磺酸掺杂的纳米管结构聚苯胺的电阻率-温度依赖关系的影响(测量温区为80—300K).实验结果表明,水分子和乙醇分子的进入均使样品的电导率升高.利用电荷能量限制隧道模型结合纳米管粉末压片的结构特点,认为样品电阻主要来源于纳米管间接触电阻.水或乙醇分子在纳米管聚苯胺中通过与分子链的相互作用,增加了链间与链上非局域化载流子的数量,增大管间接触界面,降低了载流子的隧穿势垒,进而提高了导电能力.但水和乙醇对样品导电性质影响程度是不同的,主要是因为水分子和乙醇分子在结构和物理化学性质上的不同. 关键词: 聚苯胺 纳米管 电阻率  相似文献   

8.
应用范德保法测量了电阻率在10-3—102欧姆·厘米范围的n型和p型碳化硅单晶和外延层的电学性质。进行了测定条件的选择,范德保法与普通法的对照等试验。发现接触电阻的大小和稳定程度对测量结果有极大的影响。在铟、紫铜、锡、磷铜等机械接触中,铟电极具有最低的接触电阻,其他电极须经电冶成方能进行测定。在不同的电极材料和样品电流下,电阻率偏离约2%,指出,样品电流应当根据具体样品的电阻率和接触电阻加以选择。与普通法比较,范德保法精确度高,数据重复性好。测量了自室温至1000°K范围内碳化硅单晶的高温电学性质,求得氮施主的电离能为0.056电子伏。讨论了引起实验误差的一些异常现象及其产生原因。  相似文献   

9.
吴集泉  吴国进 《物理实验》1996,16(3):135-135
测量电阻率时金属棒的长度的取法吴集泉,吴国进,吕振洪(青岛海洋大学26600)用凯尔文电桥测量金属棒的电阻率,常见的物理实验讲义是取一定长度,多次测量统计平均取得结果的7由于金属棒是低值电阻,接触端是有一定宽度的金属环、片(见图1),测量长度时的首尾...  相似文献   

10.
高Tc超导体的接触电阻   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
比较了几种不同的引线与高 T_c 超导体连接方法的面接触电阻率.对接触电阻的 I-V 特性曲线进行了讨论并加以说明.同时,发现在 YBCO 超导材料内掺适量的银对于引线与样品之间的接触电阻有相当大的改善.提出了几种简便有效的减小接触电阻的方法.最低达到1.3×10~(-7)Ω·cm~2(77K).  相似文献   

11.
This study aims to investigate the arc plasma shape and the spectral characteristics during the laser assisted pulsed arc welding process. The arc plasma shape was synchronously observed using a high speed camera, and the emission spectrum of plasma was obtained by spectrometer. The well-known Boltzmann plot method and Stark broadening were used to calculate the electron temperature and density respectively. The conductive mechanism of arc ignition in laser assisted arc hybrid welding was investigated, and it was found that the plasma current moved to the arc anode under the action of electric field. Thus, a significant parabolic channel was formed between the keyhole and the wire tip. This channel became the main method of energy transformation between the arc and the molten pool. The calculation results of plasma resistivity show that the laser plasma has low resistivity as the starting point of conductive channel formation. When the laser pulse duration increases, the intensity of the plasma radiation spectrum and the plasma electron density will increase, and the electron temperature will decrease.  相似文献   

12.
 利用隧道电离诱导闪电模型,对超短脉冲激光在大气中产生弱等离子体通道的电阻和阈值强度进行了分析和计算。结果显示:强度为1014 W/cm2量级的超短脉冲激光产生的气体等离子体通道有较好的导电性,所需激光能量很小, 说明在该模型下激光能量的利用效率很高。  相似文献   

13.
空气中飞秒激光自聚焦等离子体通道的电导特性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
 通过电学探测法,采用不同焦距的聚焦透镜,在不同激光能量、不同极性外加电压的条件下,对大气中的飞秒激光自聚焦等离子体电离通道特性进行了实验研究。发现激光脉冲经不同焦距的聚焦透镜作用后均存在较长的电离通道,通道的等效电阻率有所变化,通常电阻率的最大值出现在透镜的几何焦点附近,并且焦距越长,此电阻率的局部峰值点离几何焦点位置越近。在外加不同极性电压时,自由电子受到所加静电场作用力、洛仑兹力以及有质动力的共同作用。焦点前,通道电流变化不明显,加正向电压产生的电流略微大于加负向电压时的电流;焦点后则是加负向电压产生的电流大于加正向电压时的电流。  相似文献   

14.
We study a scheme for electrical detection of the spin resonance of a single-electron trapped near a field effect transistor (FET) conduction channel. In this scheme, the resonant Rabi oscillations of the trapped electron spin cause a modification of the average charge of a shallow trap, which can be detected through the change in the FET channel resistivity. We show that the dependence of the channel resistivity on the frequency of the rf field can have either peak or dip at the Larmor frequency of the electron spin in the trap.  相似文献   

15.
Laser produced hot electron transport in an overdense plasma is studied by three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. Hot electron currents into the plasma generate neutralizing return currents in the cold plasma electrons, leading to a configuration which is unstable to electromagnetic Weibel and tearing instabilities. The resulting current filaments self-organize through a coalescence process finally settling into a single global current channel. The plasma return current experiences a strong anomalous resistivity due to diffusive flow of cold electrons in the magnetic perturbations. The resulting electrostatic field leads to an anomalously rapid stopping of fast MeV electrons (almost 3 orders of magnitude stronger than that through classical collisional effects).  相似文献   

16.
脉冲电流驱动金属丝电爆炸可产生具有较高能量密度的等离子体,并伴随脉冲电磁辐射、强冲击波等效应,广泛应用于Z箍缩、电热化学武器、油气助采等领域;与纯金属相比,合金具备电阻率高、成分可调、相变复杂等特点,在电爆炸效应参数的调控方面具有很大潜力。开展了大气空气介质中铜、镍、铜镍(康铜)丝在微秒时间尺度电脉冲作用下电爆炸实验研究,通过放电参数与自辐射图像诊断,获取电爆炸过程放电参数与时空演变的特性规律,得到脉冲电流作用下合金电爆炸在相变与等离子体方面的特征。实验发现,在电爆炸早期,铜镍合金的高电阻率能够提高能量沉积效率:铜52%、镍74%、铜镍合金78%;而相爆开始后,合金丝负载则更接近纯镍丝负载性能。等离子体通道早期膨胀速率在5 mm/μs量级,随后迅速衰减;合金丝等离子体膨胀时间更久,击穿后平均电阻率上升缓慢,且等离子体辐射与金属爆炸产物在空间尺度上存在关联性。特别地,铜镍合金气溶胶分层同时具有横向和纵向特征(特征尺度10?1 mm),但整体较铜气溶胶更为均匀。  相似文献   

17.
Metal aluminum (Al) thin films are prepared by 2450-MHz electron cyclotron resonance plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition on glass and p-Si substrates using trimethylaluminum as the precursor and hydrogen as the reductive gas. We focus our attention on the plasma source for thin-film preparation and annealing of as-deposited films related to the surface square resistivity. The square resistivity of as-deposited Al film is greatly reduced after annealing and almost reaches the value of bulk metal. Through chemical and structure analysis we conclude that the square resistivity is determined by neither contaminant concentration nor surface morphology, but by both crystallinity and crystal size in this process.  相似文献   

18.
In the present study, we investigate the influence of low energy ion bombardment on nucleation and growth of thin silver films on silicon oxide by in situ photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) combined with specific resistivity measurements. Thermally grown thin silicon oxide films were exposed to a low temperature argon plasma for different time intervals resulting in changes in surface chemical composition as monitored by angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS). We demonstrate that irradiation of the oxide surface with low energy ions results in substantially changed nucleation of silver. Furthermore, silver films deposited on plasma treated oxide tend to have lower resistivity which is attributed to the effect of reduced grain boundary and surface roughness.  相似文献   

19.
Metal aluminum (Al) thin films are prepared by 2450 MHz electron cyclotron resonance plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition on glass and p-Si substrates using trimethylaluminum as the precursor and hydrogen as the reductive gas. We focus our attention on the plasma source for the thin-film preparation and annealing of the as-deposited films relative to the surface square resistivity. The square resistivity of as-deposited Al films is greatly reduced after annealing and almost reaches the value of bulk metal. Through chemical and structural analysis, we conclude that the square resistivity is determined by neither the contaminant concentration nor the surface morphology, but by both the crystallinity and crystal size in this process.  相似文献   

20.
We have synthesized a large amount of boron-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) by hot-filament chemical vapor deposition. The synthesis was carried out in a flask using a methanol solution of boric acid as a source material. The scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and micro-Raman spectroscopy were performed to evaluate the structural properties of the obtained MWNTs. In order to evaluate the electrical properties, temperature dependence of resistivity was measured in an individual MWNTs with four metal electrodes. The Raman shifts suggest carrier injection into the boron-doped MWNTs, but the resistivity of the MWNTs was high and increased strongly with decreasing temperature. Defects induced by the plasma may cause this enhanced resistivity.  相似文献   

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