超磁致伸缩材料国际会议情况介绍

日本高科技协会，于1996年11月6日-8日在美国夏威夷火努鲁鲁的日本东海大学太平洋中心组织召开了稀土超磁致伸缩材料基础和应用研究的国际会议．超磁致伸缩材料GMM（GiantManetostrictiveMa．tenals）为稀土元素钛Tb（Terbium）、镐Dy（DysPro－sium）和铁Fe的合金化合物，其基     

稀土超磁致伸缩材料的应用

本文重点介绍稀土超磁致伸缩材料在声学方面，特别是在水声换能器方面的应用。     

基于超磁致伸缩材料的光纤光栅调谐范围研究

研究了基于超磁致伸缩材料实现对光纤布拉格光栅的动态调谐这一方案理论上可获得的最大调谐范围．利用超磁致伸缩换能器的输出特性，进行了超磁致伸缩换能器用于光纤布拉格光栅调谐的实验研究．分析了实验中影响可获得调谐范围的各种因素，如实际可获得的超磁致伸缩材料的特性、光纤布拉格光栅的特性以及换能器结构的设计．进一步讨论了在理论界限的前提下改进该方案可获得调谐范围的措施，并以施加预应力为例进行了实验验证．结果表明，通过给予超磁致伸缩材料合适的预应力，可以较明显地改善最大调谐范围．     

稀土掺杂La-Sr-Mn-O的室温磁致伸缩效应

采用两种不同的方法制备了不同稀土含量的(La_1-xR_x)_2/3Sr_1/3MnO₃(R=Sm,Tb)大块多晶样品,并研究了它们的晶体结构及室温下的磁致伸缩效应.分析表明,随Sm,Tb对La的替代,样品的晶体结构从菱面体相转变为正交相.在结构相转变点附近,样品在室温下的磁致伸缩效应出现极大值.样品在室温下的磁致伸缩主要来源于材料中的交换磁致伸缩. 关键词：     

基于流-热耦合模型的GMM智能构件温升控制系统设计

热效应对超磁致伸缩执行器中超磁致伸缩材料性能产生非常大的影响,从而影响超磁致伸缩执行器的定位精度;提出一种简化的强制水冷策略保证磁致伸缩材料温度恒定;同时建立了超磁致伸缩材料智能构件流-热多场耦合的有限元模型,运用COMSOLMultiphysics 3.4软件对模型进行仿真,仿真结果验证了模型的正确,进一步的实验结果证实了提出的温度控制策略的有效性。     

稀土磁性材料与分子设计

首先叙述稀土元素磁性的“四高一低”的特点和分子设计的意义及其在材料研究中的作用，然后分别介绍了稀土永磁材料，稀土旋磁（微波）材料、稀土旋电（磁光）材料、稀土磁泡材料和稀土巨磁致伸缩料的特点，以及分子设计在研究这些稀土磁性材料中的重要作用，并举例加说明。     

超声脉冲法测量固体材料声速实验的扩展与升级

根据声速与材料弹性常量之间满足的克里斯托菲尔方程,利用超声脉冲法测量了超磁致伸缩材料中超声波沿不同方向传播的声速,计算出超磁致伸缩材料的弹性常量.利用电磁铁激发均匀的外磁场,测量了超磁致伸缩材料中超声波沿不同方向传播的声速与外磁场的关系,研究了超磁致伸缩材料的弹性常量随外磁场的变化规律.通过对传统固体介质声速测量实验内容的扩展与升级,不仅加深了学生对超声脉冲法测量声速原理的理解,还使传统的实验项目焕发了新的生命力.     

稀土—过渡金属化合物结构和磁性研究简介

一、研究的目的和意义 稀土金属原子的磁矩比3d过渡金属原子的磁矩还大,并具有较强的磁晶各向异性,磁致伸缩也很突出.但是,稀土金属的缺点是居里温度太低,化学性质很活泼,因而不能直接作磁性材料.材料科学工作者寄希望于稀土与其他元素形成的一些稳定的金属化合物. 自60年代以来,先后发现化学计量为1:5和2:17的稀土-钴化合物具有很高的居里温度,饱和磁化强度和磁晶各向异性常数都很大,是潜在的性能优良的永磁材料新品种,这有力地促进了稀土永磁材料的发展.不久就相继成功地研制出1:5型稀土-钴永磁体(第一代稀土永磁材料),2:17型稀土-钴永磁…     

第三讲让声纳系统耳目一新:新型水声换能器与换能器新技术

文章综述了新型水声换能器设计与换能器新技术的重要进展.主要涉及：稀土超磁致伸缩材料、弛豫铁电材料、压电聚合物薄膜等新材料的发展及其水声换能器的新设计,基于新结构的新型水声换能器,利用不同能量转换机理的新型水声换能器,宽带换能器新技术等等;对于接收型换能器着重介绍了光纤水听器和矢量水听器.     

(Tb,Dy)Fe_2金属间化合物的巨大磁致伸缩

一、引言 在铁磁金属和合金中,Ni,Fe-Co,Fe-Ni,Fe-Al等合金都是较好的磁致伸缩材料。它们的纵向饱和磁致伸缩都不过10~(-6)。最常使用的纯Ni的λ_s 仅约—35 ×1O~(-6)。 1971年Clark等报道,稀土-铁Laves相化合物在室温下尚有极大的磁致伸缩值。例如Tb-Fe_2在25KOe下,磁致伸缩高达λ_(11)～1750×10~(-6),约为Ni的五十倍。这类材料可能在高功率换能器及声路器件方面有重要应用。     

用超磁致伸缩调谐光纤光栅的光分/插复用器

提出并研究了一种新型多信道切换的全光分/插复用器,它主要由光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)和一对光环行器组成.采用了一种高效的超磁致伸缩材料(GMM)使FBG产生有效的Bragg波长偏移.用控制电流来调控FBG的应变和Bragg波长偏移.用4只相同的FBG与波长叠加技术相结合,可建立能提供15种不同下路信道方式的OADM.     

A general 3-D nonlinear magnetostrictive constitutive model for soft ferromagnetic materials

In this paper, a new general nonlinear magnetostrictive constitutive model is proposed for soft ferromagnetic materials, and it can predict magnetostrictive strain and magnetization curves under various pre-stresses. From the viewpoint of magnetic domain, it is based on the important physical fact that a nonlinear part of the elastic strain produced by magnetic domain wall motion under a pre-stress is responsible for the change of the maximum magnetostrictive strain in accordance with the pre-stress. Then the reduction of magnetostrictive strain from the maximum is caused by the domain rotation. Meanwhile, the magnetization under various pre-stresses in this model is introduced by magnetostrictive effect under the same pre-stress. A simplified 3-D model is put forward by means of linearizing the nonlinear function, i.e. the nonlinear part of the elastic strain produced by domain wall motion, and by using the quartic of magnetization to describe domain rotation. Besides, for the convenience of engineering applications, two-dimensional (plate or film) and one-dimensional (rod) models are also given for isotropic materials and their application ranges are discussed too. In comparison with the experimental data of Kuruzar and Jiles, it is found that this model can predict magnetostrictive strain and magnetization curves under various pre-stresses. The numerical simulation further illustrates that the new model can effectively describe the effects of the pre-stress or residual stress on the magnetization and magnetostrictive strain curves. Additionally, this model can be degenerated to the existing magnetostrictive constitutive model for giant magnetostrictive materials (GMM), i.e. a special soft ferromagnetic material.     

Longitudinally driven giant magneto-impedance effect enhancement by magneto-mechanical resonance

Longitudinally driven giant magneto-impedance (GMI) effect in amorphous magnetostrictive Fe₂₄Co_11.82Ni_47.3Si_1.47B₁₅ ribbons was investigated. The experimental results showed that the magneto-mechanical resonance of the ribbons had significantly enhanced GMI effect. The strong magneto-mechanical coupling (MMC) interaction resulted in high MI ratio. Maximal GMI ratio of 1532% was obtained in the sample annealed at 340 °C under transverse magnetic field. The results are explained in terms of MMC and resonance of the magnetostrictive materials.     

弓张式超磁致伸缩材料换能器的设计与分析

为了提高超磁致伸缩换能器的作动行程,以获得足够大的发音强度,并使之满足发音装置体积小、装配零件少的要求,结合超磁致伸缩材料（GMM）的优良特性,提出一种基于三角放大原理的弓张式GMM换能器。该换能器以GMM棒作为驱动元件,通过固定弓张结构的一端,将双向输出转变为单向输出,同时利用柔性铰链结构,进一步增大换能器的位移输出。通过分析换能器的工作原理,计算得到其理论放大倍数为2.73,与所建立的有限元仿真模型计算得到的放大倍数2.8相近。制作了试验样机并搭建了相应的试验系统,得到在1 kHz范围内换能器最大输出位移为15.5 m,与仿真结果14.058 m相近。提出的弓张结构实现了换能器的位移放大,相应的分析方法也较好地反映了换能器的输出特性。     

A one-dimension coupled hysteresis model for giant magnetostrictive materials

This paper addresses the development of a one-dimension model for quantifying magnetic-elastic-thermal coupling and hysteresis inherent to giant magnetostrictive materials. Firstly, the anhysteretic law is modeled by considering the Gibbs free energy function G(σ, M, T), and thermodynamic relations are used to obtain the constitutive expressions. These expressions character the effects of coupling between stress, magnetization, and temperature in the giant magnetostrictive material but hysteresis, i.e. strain and magnetic intensity described by above the constitutive expressions are single-valued function of the magnetization. And then pinning is incorporated to describe hysteresis based on Jiles–Atherton model. The model considered in the paper is demonstrated valid by comparing the predicted results with experimental data. Moreover, the model proposed in the paper is convenient to be used in engineering applications since the parameters referred to the model have definite physical mean and can all be easily determined by experiments.     

磁致伸缩材料磁弹性内耗的场依赖特性及其用于磁场传感研究

分析和测试了磁致伸缩材料磁弹性内耗的偏置磁场依赖特性,发现Terfenol-D的品质因数(与内耗的量值成反比)强依赖于偏置磁场.利用磁致伸缩材料磁弹性内耗强依赖于偏置磁场的特性,提出了一种静态和准静态磁场的磁传感器方法,即将磁致伸缩材料与压电变压器单元层叠构建一种复合变压器.分析表明:在谐振状态下,复合变压器的输出电压正比于其品质因数,于是复合变压器的输出电压强依赖于偏置磁场;磁致伸缩材料的ΔE效应对复合变压器输出电压的影响很小.制备Terfenol-D/PZT8复合变压器进行了实验,结果表明,在近谐振状态下,当激励输入电压振幅为0.5V时,复合变压器工作的输出电压对静态磁场的灵敏度达到～5.12mV.Oe-1.     

Giant magnetostrictive superlattices: from spin reorientation transition to MEMS. Static and dynamical properties

The results of development of “giant magnetostrictive” multilayers with spin reorientation transition (SRT) for microactuators are presented. Manifestations of magneto-mechanical instability and nonlinearity near SRT are studied experimentally and simulated numerically. Improvement of magneto-mechanical sensitivity near SRT is demonstrated for various modes of linear and nonlinear actuation of magnetostrictive unimorph. Limitations of sensitivity caused by magnetic field distortions are described by a numerical model, the results are compared with the experimental data.