^95Zr核的高自旋态研究

利用102MeV的^28Si束流，通过^60Ni(^28Si，2pn)熔合蒸发反应布居了^85Zr核的高自旋态，测量了γ-γ符合及DCO比值，建立了一个有43条能级，75条γ跃迁的能级纲图，新增加了36条γ跃迁，25条能级。将能级自旋推高到（49/2^ ），首次观察到了转边带的第二回弯。并确认了一条建立在17/2^-负字称带上的磁转动带。     

156Tm核的高自旋态实验研究

利用122.5MeV的¹⁹F束流, 通过¹⁴²Nd(¹⁹F,5n)¹⁵⁶Tm熔合蒸发反应布居了¹⁵⁶Tm核的高自旋态, 测量了γ-γ符合及DCO比值, 建立了一个有29条能级, 33条γ跃迁的能级纲图. 新增加了20条γ跃迁, 18条能级. 将能级自旋推高到(34^－).     

141Nd激发态的在束γ谱学研究

通过130Te(16O,5nγ)141Nd反应布居了141Nd的高自旋态能级. 对反应产生的在束γ射线进行了γ射线单谱和γ-γ符合测量. 建立了激发能达7614.5keV的141Nd能级纲图,新发现了12条γ射线和15个能级. 基于实验测量的γ跃迁各向异性,建议了141Nd部分能级的自旋值. 用一个h11/2价中子空穴与142Nd核芯晕态的耦合可以定性地解释141Nd的能级结构.     

79Kr中Kπ=5－/2转动带的带交叉及其形状演化

通过⁵⁵Mn(³⁰Si,αpn)反应研究了⁷⁹Kr的高自旋态. 利用GASP阵列配以由40个△E-ESi(Au)望远镜所组成的带电粒子球实现γγγ-带电粒子符合测量,在K^π=5－/2转动带上发现了由10条新γ跃迁所构成的9条新能级,将其中(a=+1/2)和(a=－1/2)伴带分别推位于(37－/2)8992keV和(59－/2)20132keV能级. 并用推转壳模型作了分析讨论.     

126Cs的高自旋态能级结构

利用融合蒸发反应¹¹⁶Cd(¹⁴N,4n)¹²⁶Cs布居了¹²⁶Cs的高自旋态.观测到了100多条新的γ跃迁和相应的能级,建立了双奇核¹²⁶Cs由9个转动带构成的能级纲图.尝试性地指定了大部分能级的自旋和宇称以及各转动带的Nilsson单粒子组态.极大地丰富了已有的实验结果.     

206At的[πh1/2νi-113/2]10-同质异能态研究

利用能量为60-80MeV的12C束流,通过197Au(12C,3n) 206 At反应研究了206At核的高自旋能级结构. 用7台BGO(AC)HPGe探测器和一台用于探测低能γ射线的平面型HPGe探测器进行了γ射线的激发函数、γ-γ-t符合及γ射线的角分布测量. 基于这些测量,首次建立了包括25条γ跃迁的206At高自旋能级纲图. 确定了一个半寿命为(908±400)ns、自旋和宇称为10-的同质异能态. 基于较重的双奇核 208,210At能级结构的系统性,对206At的10-同质异能态进行了讨论.     

~(153)Dy高自旋态的能级结构及缺中子Dy核的形状随中子数与自旋态的变化

通过在束γ谱的实验研究,建立了~(153)Dy的非常高的自旋态的能级图,最高自旋态为81/2.所用核反应为~(122)Sn(~(36)s,5n),束流能量165MeV.在同质异能态(I=47/2)以上,能级结构展示出极端复杂的单粒子跃迁特性.对缺中子Dy核的形状随中子数N及自旋态I变化的系统性进行了讨论.     

~(70)As(β~++EC)衰变到~(70)Ge的低自旋激发态（英文）

通过~(70)As的放射性衰变研究了~(70)Ge的激发态,新发现能量为1 036.99,1 196.66,1 539.29和2 531.7 keV的四条新γ射线,重新确认了2 219.34 keVγ射线的跃迁位置,新确认496.74,1 295.24和1 417.24 keV这三条γ射线首次放入衰变纲图,本工作证实了1 881.67,2 325.42和2 424.41 keVγ射线的跃迁位置,建议了能量为4 243.10和5 265.81 keV的两个新能级,建立了新的衰变纲图,基于比较半衰期和γ跃迁分支比建议了一些能级的自旋-宇称。     

127 I核的新能级纲图（英文）

利用1 2 4 Sn( 7Li,4n) 1 2 7I反应研究了1 2 7I核的在束γ谱 ,建立了包括 2 5个新能级和 52条新γ射线构成的新能级纲图 .将基于πh1 1 2 粒子态 ( 1 1 2 - )的负宇称能级推高到 ( 3 5 2 - ) ,在较重的1 2 7I核中得到了退耦合能级结构 .由于在两个正宇称带ΔI=2能级系列中观测到了强的带间跃迁 ,建议此带的主要成分为g7 2质子的组态 .另外还观测到了两个正宇称ΔI=2和ΔI=1能级系列 ,它们可能基于πd5 2 的单准粒子带和一个 3准粒子带 .     

双奇核184Au中πi13/2⊙νi13/2转动带的结构特征研究

利用重离子熔合蒸发反应和在束γ谱学实验方法,研究了双奇核184?Au的高自旋态能级结构.扩展了基于πh9/2ν7/2–[514]和πi13/2νi13/22准粒子组态下的转动带能级纲图,建立了两个转动带之间以及πh9/2ν7/2-[514]带与基态的谱学连接.从而确定了πi13/2νi13/2带能级的自旋和宇称,证实了此转动带在低自旋区出现旋称反转.分析了πi13/2νi13/2带和相邻核转动带的准粒子顺排特征,指出此带的第一回弯以及相邻核转动带在低频观测到的顺排异常可能与h9/2质子顺排有关.     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.     

Real-time restoration of rotational blurred image using gradient-loading

The key to the restoration of rotational motion blurred image is how to restore the image under a low cost and to correct the irreversibility of the degradation function matrix.Based on the special qualities of degradation function matrix and precise deduction in space-domain, we present a new approach using gradient-loading for restoration of rotational blurred image.By easily adding a gradient operator, the irreversibility of the original matrix is corrected and can be applied for inverse filtering then.Gradientloading is the optimized approach which combines the advantages of both the approaches using constrained least square filtering and traditional diagonal-loading.Compared with the approach using least square filtering, its peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is improved from 3.18 to 6.46dB, while the computing time is reduced to 1/2-1/3.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, noise-resistibility, robustness, and low complexity of this approach, which make it more suitable for real-time environment.     

All-Optical Logic Device Using Bent Nonlinear Tapered Y-Junction Waveguide Structure

We propose an all-optical logic device made of a bent tapered Y-junction waveguide with a Kerr-type nonlinear interface. It could provide an AND gate, OR gate, and exclusive-OR (XOR) gate. We could obtain different transmission results by adjusting the bending angle. The numerical simulation results show that the device functions as AND, OR, and XOR gates.     

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz imaging by a pyroelectric camera

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz (THz) imaging is demonstrated. A 1.89-THz optically-pumped farinfrared laser is used as the illumination source, and a 124 × 124 element room-temperature pyroelectric camera is adopted as the detector. With this setup, THz images through various wrapping materials are shown. The results show that this imaging system has the potential applications in real-time mail and security inspection.