Cl+F2→ClF+F和F+ClF′→ClF+F′反应机理的密度泛函理论研究

用密度泛函理论（ＤＦＴ）Ｂ３ＬＹＰ方法,在６－３３１Ｇ＊基组下,计算研究了反应Ｃｌ＋Ｆ２→ＣｌＦ＋Ｆ和对称反应Ｆ＋ＣｌＦ’→ＣｌＦ＋Ｆ’的机理。求得前者的过渡态为三角形,活化能为１５．５７ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ＾－１;后者的过渡态为线形和三角形,活化能分别为１１．５２和１９６．２５ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ＾－１。结果均经过振动分析和ＩＲＣ计算验证。     

碰撞能和同位素取代对H+BrF→HBr+F反应立体动力学影响的理论研究

基于拟合得到的London-Eyring-Polanyi-Sato势能面,运用准经典轨线方法对H+BrF→HBr+F反应的立体动力学性质进行了理论研究.计算了反映矢量相关的角分布和对光诱导的双分子反应实验敏感的四个极化微分散射截面.结果表明:随着碰撞能的增加,产物的转动极化变强,并且产物的后向散射占主导地位.通过比较D+BrF→DBr+F和H+BrF→HBr+F反应的产物极化,揭示了明显的同位素效应.     

于串珠分子动力学的Cl+XCl→XCl+Cl(X=H，D，Mu)反应的速率系数和动力学同位素效应研究

本文用串珠分子动力学计算典型的重-轻-重反应Cl+XCl→XCl+Cl(X=H,D,Mu)的热速率系数和动力学同位素效应. 对于Cl+HCl反应,串珠分子动力学方法计算得到的结果与实验值之间的高度一致性为串珠分子动力学理论的准确性提供了有力的证据. 串珠分子动力学结果也与其他理论方法的计算结果相一致,包括正则变分过渡态理论和量子动力学方法. Cl+MuCl反应在过渡态附近存在势能双峰,留下了自由能阱,它来自于势能面峰值处反应系统的模式软化. 同时,如此明显的自由能阱表明存在反应共振. 对于Cl+DCl反应,与实验值相比,串珠分子动力学速率系数再次给出了非常准确的结果. 唯一的例外是在312.5 K的温度下,串珠分子动力学速率系数和其他理论方法计算得到的结果彼此接近,却略低于实验值,表明误差可能源于实验测量或本文使用的势能面不够精确.     

基于串珠分子动力学的Cl+XCl→XCl+Cl(X=H,D,Mu)反应的速率系数和动力学同位素效应研究（英文）

本文用串珠分子动力学计算典型的重-轻-重反应Cl+XCl→XCl+Cl(X=H,D,Mu)的热速率系数和动力学同位素效应.对于Cl+HCl反应,串珠分子动力学方法计算得到的结果与实验值之间的高度一致性为串珠分子动力学理论的准确性提供了有力的证据.串珠分子动力学结果也与其他理论方法的计算结果相一致,包括正则变分过渡态理论和量子动力学方法.Cl+MuCl反应在过渡态附近存在势能双峰,留下了自由能阱,它来自于势能面峰值处反应系统的模式软化.同时,如此明显的自由能阱表明存在反应共振.对于Cl+DCl反应,与实验值相比,串珠分子动力学速率系数再次给出了非常准确的结果.唯一的例外是在312.5K的温度下,串珠分子动力学速率系数和其他理论方法计算得到的结果彼此接近,却略低于实验值,表明误差可能源于实验测量或本文使用的势能面不够精确.     

基于珠串分子动力学的漫游反应H+MgH的反应速率研究

本文使用珠串分子动力学计算了多通道漫游反应H+MgH→Mg+H₂的热速率系数,明确考虑了两个反应通道：紧致和漫游通道. 首次将珠串分子动力学方法应用于多通道反应. 借助新开发的方法,即用于准备初始结构的优化插值工具和自适应的力常数选择方法,成功获得了热速率系数. 本文结果与其他理论方法,如变分过渡态理论和量子动力学结果一致. 珠串分子动力学速率结果显示出速率对温度的负相关性,这与变分过渡态理论的结果相似,但与基态量子动力学的结果不同.     

SiH4+H→H2+SiH3反应的约化维数计算

对SiH4+ H→H2+SiH3反应体系应用SVRT模型进行了4维的量子动力学计算.将得到的速率常数与实验数据以及其他理论方法进行比较,得出了一些有意义的结论,并与CH4+H→H2+CH3反应在同种理论模型下做了对比,较好的与实验相吻合.最后验证了理论方法以及势能面的正确性.     

含铬废物焚烧中CrOH+H→CrO+H2反应机理研究

本文用量子化学密度泛函UB3LYP方法,在6-311 G**基组水平上研究了含铬固体废物焚烧过程中CrOH H→CrO H2的微观反应机理。在相同理论水平上用内禀反应坐标理论(IRC)对最小能量途径进行计算,并进行了详细的讨论。分别计算了正、逆反应的活化能。采用经典过渡态理论计算了正、逆反应的反应速率常数。     

变分过渡态理论对O(~3p)+HI→OH+I反应速率常数的研究

本文用正则变分过渡态理论及改进的正则变分过渡态理论,计算了O(~3P)+HI→OH+I反应的速率常数。考虑了反应路径上的量子效应(即隧道贯穿及非经典反射效应)以及垂直于反应路径的振动非谐性,对结果进行了理论分析并与准经典轨线理论的结果和实验结果进行了比较。     

H_2O分子在HONO+OH→NO_2+H_2O反应中的催化机制研究

本文采用CCSD(T)-F12a/cc-p VDZ-F12//M06-2X/6-311+G(2df,2p)方法并结合过渡态理论对HONO+OH→H_2O+NO_2抽氢反应以及H_2O参与该反应的微观机理和速率常数进行了理论研究.结果表明,由于复合物HONO…H_2O的高浓度和稳定性,我们预测HONO…H_2O+OH反应的大气相关性将比H_2O…HONO+OH和H_2O…OH+cis-HONO明显得多.进一步的速率常数计算结果表明,cisHONO…H_2O+OH反应的速率常数比H_2O…cis-HONO+OH和H_2O…OH+cis-HONO反应大了8～4个数量级.然而,cis-HONO…H_2O+OH反应的有效速率常数比无催化剂主反应cis-HONO+OH低了7～3个数量级.表明在实际大气环境中,H_2O对HONO+OH反应的催化效果并不明显.     

含铬废物焚烧中反应CrO2OH+O→CrOOH+O2动力学研究

含铬废物在高温下与空气中氧发生燃烧反应,形成多种铬的氧化物,不同价态铬氧化物的毒性有较大差异,其中六价铬剧毒具有极强的致癌作用.Kashireninov和Fontijn(1998)在B.B.Ebbinghaus(1993,1995)研究基础上,通过热力学平衡分析给出了Cr-O-H-Cl-C燃烧系统中可能的铬氧化化学反应.本文从量子化学角度研究了其中CrO2OH O→CrOOH O2反应机理.通过Gaussian 98软件在B3LYP/6-311 G(d,p)模型化学水平上,优化得到各反应物质的几何结构、内部反应路径及经过零点能校正后的各驻点能量.采用过渡态理论计算标题反应CrO2OH O→CrOOH O2在1.01325×105Pa下反应速率常数为k(T)=4.37×10-17Texp(-7641.17/T)cm3·mol-1·s-1.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.