改性石灰中温流化态干法争化HCl的试验研究

微量的NaOH、Na2CO3、KOH和K2CO3以特殊方式添加到石灰类物质中以后形成改性石灰类吸收剂.在310～430℃温度段的流化床反应器内对净化HCl气体效果的试验研究结果表明:(1)改性石灰类吸收剂对HCl的净化效率较纯石灰类高,并且净化效率随反应温度上升而上升;(2)使用改性CaO和Ca(OH)2做吸收剂的流化床反应器对HCl具有较高的净化效率(＞90%),以流化态运行方式对烟气中的酸性气体实施干式净化,可以达到排放标准;(3)碱性添加物处理后的CaO和CaCO3在一定条件下可与Ca(OH)2竞争,有望替代后者用作干式吸收剂.     

水蒸气对氧化钙脱氯效率影响的实验研究

本文采用实验方法,在一个流化床反应器中研究160～750℃下水蒸气的存在对HCl脱除效率(RE)的影响.实验结果表明:在低温区,水蒸气对RE的影响不明显;380℃时水蒸气的存在抑制反应进行;580℃和750℃时,脱除效率先下降,当水蒸气含量达到15%时,又呈现上升趋势.对于水蒸气含量为5%、10%和15%情况下,580℃的脱氯效率最高.最后通过对暴露的反应物表面积和HCl气体穿越产物层扩散过程的分析解释实验得到的规律.     

石灰对HCl气体净化效率的温度特性

试验研究在典型烟气净化温度200℃下和焚烧炉过热器进口处烟气温度600℃左右石灰吸收剂对HCl气体的净化效率,结果表明在600℃下由于石灰可以分解生成新的反应面,对HCl气体的净化效率在不同烟气组分下都比200℃所对应的效率高,并且在200℃下已经失去反应能力的石灰,加入到600℃环境下仍具有相当的反应能力。对比普通石灰,改性石灰适合用于在高温下、CO2浓度较高的烟气流中用作HCl等酸性气体的吸收剂。     

过氧化氢溶液增湿Ca(OH)2脱硫的实验研究及微观机理分析

在小型喷雾气流反应脱硫实验台上研究了不同浓度过氧化氢溶液增湿Ca(OH)2的脱硫效果,并收集了典型工况脱硫产物样品进行微观分析.结果表明,采用过氧化氢水溶液增湿Ca(OH)2脱硫时,其脱硫效率随着过氧化氢水溶液浓度的增加而有较大的提高,提高幅度达15％～20％.通过对脱硫产物样品的XRD和SEM分析表明,随着过氧化氢水溶液浓度的增加,脱硫产物中未反应的Ca(OH)2明显减少,生成的硫酸钙和亚硫酸钙含量增加,而且生成了更多更稳定的CaSO4.同时生成的硫酸钙减少了脱硫产物在脱硫剂颗粒表面的沉积和孔隙堵塞,有利于提高脱硫效率和改善半干法烟气脱硫产物的品质.     

CaO伴随生物质热裂解固体产物分析

对纯白松及CaO伴随白松热天平热解固体产物样品进行了XRD及FTIR分析。实验发现：1）CaO伴随样品的350℃终温产物中存在有机钙盐，此即被CaO直接固定的“类CO2活性中间体”；2）400℃终温产物中有机钙盐已显著分解，并生成易于再生的CaCO3，进一步证实了“CaO化学链置换再线脱氧，，的可行性。实验结果还表明：...     

Na2CO3调质钙基脱硫剂硫化机理实验研究

对经Na2CO3溶液调质石灰石煅烧产物CaO的物理结构及硫化特性进行了研究,发现同等条件下调质后石灰石煅烧产物CaO(M-CaO)比未经调质的CaO(N-CaO)具有更高的钙转化率.利用XRD技术对CaO晶体结构进行了测定,通过比较二者的晶胞参数和晶格畸变度等并结合其孔特性,证实M-CaO之所以比N-CaO具有更高的钙转化率,是由于M-CaO比N-CaO具有更高的晶体缺陷浓度,使得在硫化反应过程中通过产物层的扩散具有更高的离子扩散率.     

利用SEM,XRD和FTIR研究四种化学预处理对楸木木屑酶解的影响（英文）

利用NaOH,Ca(OH)_2,H_2SO_4和HCl四种溶液对楸木木屑进行化学预处理,发现两种碱预处理均能显著提高楸木木屑的酶解效率。采用扫描电镜(SEM),X射线衍射(XRD)和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)对四种化学预处理后的楸木木屑进行观察和分析。SEM观察发现,四种化学预处理对楸木木屑的纤维表面均有不同程度的破坏与侵蚀,其中Ca(OH)_2的破坏效果最为明显。XRD谱图表明,碱预处理对楸木木屑纤维素的非晶体结构产生破坏,导致其结晶度升高,而经过酸预处理后楸木木屑纤维素的结晶度没有明显变化。FTIR谱图显示,酸碱预处理对楸木木屑中半纤维素和木质素的分子结构均有不同程度的破坏,碱预处理过程中木质素的高效溶出可能是楸木木屑酶解效率显著提高的主要原因。     

溶剂热再结晶合成由纳米颗粒自组装成的一维CdS纳米棒

采用两种不同的溶剂热路径合成出了不同形貌和尺寸的CdS纳米晶, 一种是以无水乙二胺(en) 为溶剂, CdCl₂·2.5H₂O和硫脲(H₂NCSH₂N) 为镉源和硫源, 在不同反应温度(160 ℃-220 ℃ 下制备出了CdS纳米晶, 讨论温度对CdS纳米晶生长的影响; 另一种是以en为溶剂, 将在160 ℃下合成的产物在200 ℃下原位再结晶生长2-8 h, 分析原位生长时间对CdS纳米晶生长的影响. 通过X射线衍射(XRD)、 扫描电子电镜(SEM) 和透射电子电镜(TEM) 等表征产物的物相、 形貌和微结构, 分析可知: 两种路线合成的产物均为六方相CdS; 当温度为160 ℃时, 产物形貌为纳米颗粒状, 当温度高于160 ℃时, 产物为CdS纳米棒状; 同时, 在200 ℃下原位再结晶生长不同时间后发现产物形貌由纳米颗粒转变为纳米棒, 通过场发射扫描电镜(HRTEM) 分析可知: 纳米棒是由零维纳米颗粒自组装而成. 最后, 讨论了影响产物CdS纳米晶形貌转变的因素和纳米棒的生长机理.     

Eu3+掺杂MMoO4(M=Ca,Sr)荧光粉的表征及发光性质

本文采用简易的Pechini方法制备了Eu3+掺杂MMoO4(M=Ca,Sr)红色荧光粉.产物的结构、形貌和性质分别通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、光致发光发射谱(PL)和激发谱(PLE)进行表征分析.XRD表明反应得到了纯相目标掺杂产物,SEM照片显示两种体系掺杂产物形貌均匀性不同,Eu3+掺杂C...     

CaO对煤焦还原NO的催化作用

本文通过对添加催化剂(CaO)和没有添加催化剂的脱矿煤粉(煤粉中的矿物质对煤焦还原NOx也有催化作用)燃烧NOx生成的比较研究。量化分析了CaO对NOx生成的影响。本文实验均在1050℃,一个标准大气压下完成。试验用煤为神府褐煤。     

Inhibition of steel pitting corrosion in HCl by some inorganic anions

The effect of Mn and V content on corrosion behavior of mild steel in different concentration of HCl was investigated. The increase of Mn and V content in the steel sample leads to increasing corrosion resistance. The effect of phosphate, molybedate and chromate anions on the corrosion of steel in HCl solution has been studied using weight loss, potentiodynamic and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. The addition of increasing concentrations of phosphate, molybedate and chromate anions causes a shift of the pitting potential (E_pit) in the positive direction, indicating the inhibitive effect of the added anions on the pitting attack. The phosphate anion has a stronger inhibitive effect of the pitting corrosion. The inhibition efficiency (IE) of different inhibitors increases with the increasing of phosphate concentration and decreases with the increasing the concentration of molybedate and chromate anions. The presence of these anions inhibits the pitting corrosion of steel samples in the order phosphate > molybedate > chromate. The effect of different inorganic anions on the corrosion behavior of two different composition steel samples was also studied in HCl solution.     

The effect of some Schiff bases on the corrosion of aluminum in hydrochloric acid solution

The inhibition effect of Schiff bases benzylidene-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-amine (A), (2-methoxy-phenyl)-(4-methyl-benzylidene)-amine (B), (4-chloro-benzylidene)-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-amine (C) and (4-nitro-bezylidene)-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-amine (D) on the corrosion of aluminum in 1 M HCl has been studied by polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and weight loss measurements. It has been found that all the studied Schiff bases are excellent inhibitors. Maximum inhibition was obtained for 0.01 M Schiff base A. Results show that the inhibition efficiency increases with decreasing in temperature and increasing in concentration of Schiff base. Polarization curves reveal that the used inhibitors are mixed type inhibitors. The surface adsorption of the Schiff bases leads to a decrease of double layer capacitance as well as an increase of polarization resistance. The inhibitor performance depends strongly on the type of function groups substituted on benzene ring. The adsorption of used compounds on the aluminum surface obeys a Langmuir isotherm and has a physical mechanism. Thermodynamic parameters for both dissolution and adsorption processes were determined. The quantum chemical study of the corrosion inhibition efficiency of the Schiff bases on Al in molar HCl was carried out.     

HCl浸提-FAAS法测定小麦面粉中的微量营养元素

采用HCl浸提－FAAS法同时测定小麦面粉中的Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn,Ca,Mg六种微量营养元素，并且对浸提温度，浸提时间以及浸提浓度（酸度）进行选择，结果表明，除镁不能完全浸提外，其余五种元素与湿灰化法测定结果比较，结果基本一致，该方法操作简便，快速准确，干扰少，是一种较为理想的样品预处理方法。     

Hyperfine structure of the J=1←0 transition of HCl and HCl: improved ground state parameters

The pure rotational J=1←0 transitions of H³⁵Cl and H³⁷Cl have been observed in the millimeter-wave region using the Lamb-dip technique to resolve the hyperfine structure due to ³⁵Cl or ³⁷Cl and H. The present observations allow to provide not only very accurate hyperfine constants but also, joint together with previous data, the most accurate ground state rotational parameters known up to now. The experimental determination of the hyperfine parameters has also been supported by ab initio computations.     

HCl化学激光振转跃迁爱因斯坦自发辐射系数的计算

 验证了用Level程序计算爱因斯坦自发辐射系数的可信性，选用精确的RKR势函数和最新的电偶极矩函数，计算得到了振动态量子数小于6的氯化氢激光基频振转跃迁的爱因斯坦自发辐射系数，更新了文献中的数据。结果表明Level是非常适合量子电子学同行使用的一个工具。     

中低温下钠碱对氢氧化钙干式吸收HCl气体的改良

用很稀的NaOH、Na2CO3、NaCl溶液代替纯水消化生石灰,测试并比较生成的Ca（OH）2与不含这些物质的Ca（OH）2在中低温段（200～300℃）净化酸性气体HCl的反应能力．试验表明用钠碱NaOH和Na2CO3溶液消化生成的Ca（OH）2较用纯水和NaCl溶液消化生成的Ca（OH）2具有更高的反应能力,即钠碱对Ca（OH）2具有改良作用．初步研究表明,含有钠碱的氢氧化钙反应能力较高的主要原因有：（1）孔容积和比表面积提高;（2）孔隙率分布改善,最佳孔径区（50～200A）内的BJH孔隙率和比表面积递增密度增大;（3）反应产物层疏松多孔,减少了扩散阻力．     

F+HCl/DCl反应散射的量子含时波包

在Deskevich等人最近构建的势能面上，利用量子含时波包方法，研究了F+HCl/DCl的反应散射动力学．在总角动量J=0的情况下，得出了这两个反应具有不同初始振转态条件下的总反应几率．计算结果表明，对于这两个反应，反应物的转动激发态可以明显的提高反应几率，对于F+HCl反应这种提高尤其明显．而振动激发只是对降低碰撞能反应阈值有帮助，对总的反应几率几乎没有任何影响．另外，这两个反应的进行途径有明显的转动自由度部分．在含有较轻的氢原子的F+HCl反应中，总反应几率中所呈现的量子共振和隧穿效应较之F+DCl     

Simple and fast preparation of graphene oxide@ melamine terephthaldehyde and its PVC nanocomposite via ultrasonic irradiation: Chemical and thermal resistance study

Melamine terephthaldehyde modified graphene oxide (MTR-GO) with optimum content was easily prepared via ultrasonication method and used as anti-corrosion additive for Poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC). The effects of ultrasonicated MTR-GO on the mechanical, chemical and thermal resistance of the PVC were thoroughly studied. Change percentage of tensile strength and weight change percentage of PVC (P) and PVC/MTR-GO nanocomposite (PN) in acetone and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) media at two different exposure temperature (20 °C and 50 °C) were examined. The PN sample showed lower change loss percentage of tensile strength in acetone uptake as compared with P sample at 20 °C. In higher temperature (50 °C), P sample was decomposed while PN still showed tensile data. The change loss percentage in tensile strength of PN sample showed 13% change at 50 °C in sodium hypochlorite while P sample showed 63% change for the parameter. Protective behavior of MTR-GO nanofiller on PVC matrix against thermal HCl releasing was investigated by Congo red tests. The results showed that the nanocomposite release less amount of HCl as compare to the neat PVC.     

Spectrophotometric microdetermination of phenylephrine hydrochloride in pure and in pharmaceutical formulations using haematoxylin

A simple, rapid, selective and sensitive method for the micro amount determination of phenylephrine hydrochloride either in pure form (raw material) or in pharmaceutical formulations is described. The method is based on the development of violet colour charge transfer complex with haematoxylin in alkaline medium with 10 min after heating at 65 °C. The wavelength and maximum absorption range was found in the range from 640 to 620 nm. Molar absorptivity and Sandell sensitivity were found to be 2.38 × 10⁴ L mol^− 1 cm^− 1 and 8.6 ng cm^− 2 respectively. A linear correlation was found between absorbance (at the λ_max) and concentration. The resulting colour is stable for more than 10 h. Results of the analyses of pure drug and dosage forms by the proposed method are in good agreement with those of the official BP 1998 procedure.