霍尔法磁化曲线与磁滞回线实验仪的退磁技巧

针对用HM-1霍尔磁化曲线和磁滞回线实验仪对实验样品铁磁材料退磁过程中退磁难的问题,采用对称退磁法.即在退磁过程中,视铁磁样品中剩磁的方向、剩磁值的多少,加上相应值的反向磁场即矫顽磁力,构成逐渐缩小且最终趋于原点的循环退磁曲线,从而达到给铁磁样品快速退磁的目的,提高了实验教学质量.     

均匀磁化介质椭球的退磁因子及退磁场

在椭球坐标系中求解了均匀椭球磁介质在匀强磁场中的磁化问题,得到了空间磁标势、磁场、介质中退磁场和退磁因子的表达式,研究了椭球形状与退磁因子的关系,分析了介质磁化率对退磁场方向的影响.结论为:椭球磁介质内的退磁场是匀强磁场;退磁因子的大小与椭球形状有关,与椭球大小无关,沿椭球长轴方向的退磁因子较小;一般而言退磁场方向与外磁场方向既不相同也不相反.铁磁质椭球内的退磁场几乎与外磁场反向.     

基于Jiles-Atherton理论的铁磁材料塑性变形磁化模型修正

Jiles-Atherton(J-A)模型在磁化建模领域应用广泛,但不同文献给出的J-A模型并不一致,致使采用不同表达式建立的塑性变形磁化模型存在多种版本,其正确性难以甄别.通过对无磁滞磁化方程、能量守恒方程和等效磁场强度方程的梳理与比较,发现原有模型中存在将磁化强度和无磁滞磁化强度混用、将不可逆磁化能量等效于全部的磁化能量、等效磁场强度中应力磁化项界定不清等问题.在此基础上,对上述方程进行了修正,推导了基于J-A模型的塑性变形磁化修正模型.将修正模型计算结果与原模型计算结果、相关文献中的试验结果进行对比,结果表明:与原有计算模型相比,修正模型计算结果的饱和磁化强度和剩余磁化强度随塑性变形增加而减小,矫顽力随塑性变形增大而增大,达到饱和磁化强度时的外磁场强度随塑性变形增大而增大的趋势有所减弱,更符合试验结果,可更准确地反映塑性变形对材料磁化的影响.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

因为磁性液体的磁性微粒有着很强的相互作用,Langevin顺磁理论不能很好描述磁性液体的磁化强度随外磁场的变化.研究认为影响磁化的主要因素是磁性液体内微粒整体的结构化,其结构的形成储存了部分磁化功,直接或间接地影响了磁化.在此基础上提出“压缩”模型,修正了描述磁性液体常用的Langevin函数,得出了与实验较好符合的曲线.所提出的一个压缩后等效体积分数与外磁场强度的关系式,近似地描述了磁性液体在磁场中磁化的过程.由修正式得出了近似初始磁化率随体积分数变化关系.     

磁共振法研究(Fe1-xCox)84Zr3.5Nb3.5B8Cu1纳米晶薄带的磁各向异性

铁磁共振(FMR)实验研究(Fe1-xCox)84Zr3.5 Nb3.5B8Cu1(x=0.0,0.2,0.4,0.6, 0.8)合金薄带的各向异性,易轴在薄带的横向方向,同等宽度样品的各向异性常数K′随Co掺杂量的增加而减小, K′值在4.67×10-5 J/m(x=0.0)到2.54×10-5 J/m4(x=0.8)之间.由于磁化率的虚部χ″(H)随磁场强度H非线性变化,在低场(0-12 mT)有一个与FMR信号强度相当的低场非共振信号.特别是对Fe84Zr3.5 Nb3.5B8Cu1合金薄带的磁化,在可逆磁化(0-2.0 mT)和趋近饱和磁化(9.0-12 mT)区域, dχ″/dH=0;不可逆畴壁移动过程中,交流磁化率虚部χ″(H)与磁场强度的n次方即Hn(n≥3)有关;在磁畴转动过程中χ″(H)正比于H2(瑞利区),(dχ″)/(dH)为常数;而且发现,有不可逆畴壁移动-磁畴转动三段交替变化的过程,此过程对应三种磁畴的消失过程.     

Fe84Zr3.5Nb3.5B8Cu1薄带的动态磁化过程

由于铁磁性样品的交流磁化率虚部χ″随磁场强度H的变化是非线性的，在低场(0～12 mT)有一个与铁磁共振信号强度相当的低场非共振信号. 利用ESR谱仪测量交流磁化率虚部χ″对磁场强度H的一次微分随磁场强度的变化dχ″/dH～H，研究Fe₈₄Zr_3.5Nb_3.5B₈Cu₁合金薄带的动态磁化特性. 合金薄带样品是各向异性的，易磁化轴（易轴）在薄带的横向方向，外加磁场H在易轴方向. 样品在可逆磁化区域(0～2.0 mT)和趋近饱和的磁化区域(9.0 mT以上)，dχ″/dH=0；在不可逆畴壁移动过程中，当H为4.2 mT 时, χ″(H)达到最大值χ_max；在磁畴转动过程中，χ″(H)正比于H²（瑞利区）；而实验中却发现，在某些区域交流磁化率虚部χ″(H) 与磁场强度H的n次方即Hⁿ(n≥3)有关；而且发现，在一定区域，有三段不可逆畴壁移动和磁畴转动交替出现的现象. 在这一过程中，dχ″/dH为常数的磁场范围分别为4.8～5.2mT, 5.8～6.4 mT, 8.0～8.5 mT, 其常数相对值分别为1：0.85：0.60. 样品的交流磁化率虚部χ″对磁场H的微分dχ″/dH随磁场H的这一变化规律反映了不可逆畴壁移动和磁畴转动交替发生的微观过程.     

第三代稀土永磁材料

永磁材料是人类最早发现和最早应用的磁性材料,它在当代的许多传统工业和新兴技术中都有着广泛的应用.永磁材料是指经过外磁场磁化后能长久保持其磁性的强磁材料.一般标志永磁材料性能的有三个主要参量:材料的单位体积中所存储的磁能,称为最大磁能积或简称磁能积,用(BH)m表示;抵抗外界磁干扰和自身退磁作用的能力,称为矫顽力,用Hc表示;磁化后去掉外磁场所剩余的磁感应强度,简称剩磁,用Br表示.这三个参量越大,表示永磁材料的性能越好.通常也单用磁能积(BH)m的大小来表示永磁材料的优劣.在不同应用情况下,再考虑和比较其他的永磁性和物性. …     

快淬Nd3.6Pr5.4Fe83Co3B5薄带的反磁化行为和磁黏滞性

用电弧熔炼法制备了Nd_3.6Pr_5.4Fe₈₃Co₃B₅合金铸锭,然后利用熔旋快淬法在铜辊转速V=20m/s下制备了Nd_3.6Pr_5.4Fe₈₃Co₃B₅薄带.快淬带主要由软磁相α-Fe和Nd₂Fe₁₄B型的硬磁相组成.采用直流退磁剩磁曲线方法分析了样品在反磁化过程中的可逆与不可逆磁化部分,并研究了软磁相和硬磁相的反磁化行为,得到样品的不可逆磁化形核场H_no约为440kA/m.同时研究了样品的磁黏滞性,结果表明由于软磁相的存在使得热激活体积较大. 关键词：     

纳米晶永磁Pr8Fe87B5反磁化机理研究

用熔体快淬法制备了Pr2Fe14B/α-Fe纳米复合永磁样品.测量了样品的起始磁化、反磁化过程、矫顽力和剩磁与外场的关系，以及样品的磁粘滞性.经分析认为材料的矫顽力主要由非均匀的钉扎机理决定，但由于交换硬化的软磁相的可逆转动使得这种反磁化机理不同于单相永磁材料的钉扎行为.磁粘滞性表明热激活主要源于硬磁相的不可逆磁化行为. 关键词： 纳米复合永磁 矫顽力 剩磁 磁粘滞     

反铁磁耦合硬磁-软磁-硬磁三层膜体系的不可逆交换弹性反磁化过程

采用一维原子链模型研究了反铁磁耦合的硬磁/软磁/硬磁三层膜体系的反磁化过程. 研究结果表明,当考虑了软磁层的磁晶各向异性能后,软磁层厚度和界面交换耦合强度的改变都有可能导致软磁层的交换弹性反磁化过程由可逆过程转变为不可逆过程. 对软磁层很薄的体系,其反磁化过程是典型的可逆交换弹性反磁化过程. 然而,当软磁层厚度超过某一临界厚度t_c时,反磁化过程转变为不可逆的交换弹性反磁化过程. 软磁-硬磁界面交换耦合强度A_sh对反磁化行为也有很大的影响. 对于软磁层厚度小于临界厚度t_c的体系,也存在一个临界界面交换耦合强度A_sh^c. 当A_sh大于A_sh^c时,软磁层的反磁化过程是可逆的交换弹性反磁化过程;而当A_sh小于A_sh^c时,这一过程变为不可逆. 给出了体系的可逆与不可逆交换弹性反磁化过程随软磁层厚度和界面交换耦合强度变化的磁相图. 同时还研究了偏转场随软磁层厚度的变化关系. 关键词： 反铁磁耦合三层膜 交换弹性反磁化过程 反磁化机理 磁相图     

Study on magnetization reversal of cobalt nanowire arrays by magnetic force microscopy

The magnetic properties of self-assembly cobalt nanowire arrays formed in anodic porous alumina template were investigated by nanosize imaging method and macroscopic magnetic measurement. We have successfully made a wire-by-wire observation of magnetization reversal of a cobalt nanowire array using magnetic force microscopy with a home-made FePt tip. The nanowires in this medium have uniaxial anisotropy with easy axis along the wire due to the large aspect ratio of the wires (30 nm in diameter and 300 nm in length). Considering the nanowires as single-domain structures, we can obtain the average DC demagnetization curve from nanosize images by calculating the number of wires in each magnetized direction, and the results agreed well with the DC demagnetization curve measured by macroscopic measurement. The magnetostatic field between wires was evaluated by a new nanosize imaging method. Macroscopic measurement shows that reversible magnetization occurs in this medium. Nanosize images of the remanent and saturated states prove that the reversible magnetization processes mainly take place inside individual wires and reversed wires induced by magnetostatic field just give a little contribution to the reversible magnetization.     

MAGNETIC VISCOSITY AND DEMAGNETIZATION BEHAVIOUR IN ISOTROPIC NANOCRYSTALLINE Pr12Fe82B6 RIBBONS

We present the experimental results of the magnetic viscosity, demagnetization curve and recoil loop for isotropic nanocrystalline Pr₁₂Fe₈₂B₆ ribbons prepared by melt-spinning. The thermal fluctuation field, activation volume and irreversible demagnetization are discussed. The coercivity mechanism is mainly determined by the inhomogeneous nucleation rather than a simple nucleation of reverse domain.     

垂直磁记录薄膜实施剩余磁化测量时退磁场的补偿

对于垂直磁记录薄膜，进行剩余磁化强度的测量时，必须补偿退磁场.提出一种新方法，在直流退磁剩磁和等温剩磁测量中采用有效反向磁场来直接补偿退磁场.从而可以正确地得出垂直磁记录薄膜的ΔM曲线并评价晶粒间的磁相互作用.还采用了三种方法来确定其中的关键参数——退磁因子.结果表明，c轴垂直取向的钡铁氧体薄膜中，晶粒间的磁相互作用是交换偶合型的；而Co-Cr-Ta薄膜中，晶粒间磁相互作用是静磁相互作用. 关键词： 退磁场补偿 直流退磁剩磁(DCD) 等温剩磁(IRM) ΔM曲线     

The influence of niobium on the magnetic properties of the columnar alnico 5 permanent magnets

An investigation of the influence of Nb addition (0–1.24%) on Alnico 5 columnar alloy's magnetic properties showed that Nb content up to 0.5% slightly decrease remanent induction while at the same time increasing coercivity and improving the rectangularity of the demagnetization curve. The addition of niobium above 0.5% causes a further increase in coercivity simultaneously decreasing magnetic induction in every point of the demagnetization curve.     

Dauermagnetwerkstoffe mit bindern

If one knows the diagram of demagnetization of the magnet in plastic binder and knows the packing density, the curve of demagnetization of the used magnetic powder can be plotted. This procedure may also be inverted. Using anisotropic magnets with binders, a technical sufficient orientation must be required for calculating the curve of demagnetization. By comparing calculated and measured values, defects of the base materials, grindet powder, granulate, molding process, or magnetic orientation may be become known and removed.     

Flußleitung für reversible magnetische Vorgänge in Fe-Drähten toroidaler Geometrie an verschiedenen Punkten der Hystereseschleife

Fluxconduction for reversible magnetic events, i.e. the variation of the voltage induced in a secondary coil in dependence on the distance from a primary coil was measured for Fe-wires in toroidal geometry on various points of the hysteresis curve. A strong dependence of fluxconduction on the external magnetic field existed. At the coercitive field strength fluxconduction reached its maximal value. The calculated and the measured values were in good agreement.     

The study of ultrafast magnetization dynamics induced by femtosecond laser pulses in GdFeCo amorphous film

The time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr spectroscopy technique is used to study the ultrafast magnetization dynamics induced by femtosecond laser pulses in GdFeCo amorphous film. We study concretely the influence of the different pump fluence and the different external magnetic field on magnetization dynamics of ultrafast demagnetization, magnetization reversal and magnetization recovery. The pump fluence dependence magnetization dynamics shows that the degree of demagnetization, the degree of magnetization reversal and the time of magnetization recovery increase with pump fluence, which can be interpreted by the “three-temperature” model. The external magnetic field dependence magnetization dynamics shows that the rate of magnetization reversal increases with the external field, which accord with the magnetization reversal mechanism based on the reversed magnetic domain nucleation and domain-wall motion.     

磁头-磁盘接触作用力对磁记录层信息强度影响规律的定量研究

磁存储密度的持续增长会导致磁头-磁盘的间距不断减小, 这样, 极有可能引起磁头-磁盘接触退磁的发生, 从而造成磁记录层存储数据的丢失. 为了明确退磁过程中的相应作用关系, 本文通过磁力显微镜的相位成像原理直接给出了磁盘退磁的定量测量方法. 并且依据此方法, 利用纳米划痕实验研究了磁头-磁盘接触作用力对磁记录层信息强度的影响规律. 结果表明:当磁头-磁盘接触作用力超过临界退磁载荷时, 磁记录层的信息强度与磁头-磁盘接触作用力之间存在减函数关系; 在低接触载荷区域中, 即使磁记录层表面没有划痕产生, 磁盘退磁现象仍旧可能发生; 对于任意磁头-磁盘接触作用力, 磁盘表面的破坏区域总是会大于磁记录层的退磁区域; 当磁头反复划刮磁盘的同一位置时, 磁记录层的表面划痕处将出现弹性安定状态, 对应地, 磁记录层的信息强度会趋近于某一定值.     

Temperature hysteresis of the remanence in high-coercivity alloys

It is shown that the temperature behavior of the remanence and the value of the hysteresis depend on the position of the operating point on the demagnetization curve and the structural state of the specimen. Both alternating and constant magnetic fields of different sign have different effects on the value of the temperature hysteresis. An explanation of the results is given on the basis of vector rotation processes in single-domain regions.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 10, 53–56, October, 1972.     

A new non-destructive method for estimating the remanent life of a turbine rotor steel by reversible magnetic permeability

We present a new magnetic and non-destructive procedure to evaluate the remanent life of 1Cr–1Mo–0.25V steel using the value of reversible magnetic permeability. The method is based on the existence of reversible magnetic permeability in the differential magnetization around the coercive force. The measurement principle is based on the foundation harmonics voltage induced in a coil using a lock-in amplifier tuned to a frequency of the exciting one. Results obtained for reversible magnetic permeability and Vickers hardness on the aged sample show that the peak interval of reversible magnetic permeability (PIRMP) and Vickers hardness decreases as aging time increases. A softening curve is obtained from the correlation between Vickers hardness and the PIRMP. This curve can be used as a non-destructive method to evaluate the remanent life of 1Cr–1Mo–0.25V steel.