Optical and spectral tunability of multilayer spherical and cylindrical nanoshells

This theoretical work presents a comparative study of the optical properties and spectral tunability of hybrid multilayer spherical and cylindrical nanoshells based on the quasi-static approximation of classical electrodynamics. The interband transitions have been considered using the Drude–Lorentz model for the complex dielectric function of metallic layers because the optical properties of metals arise from both the optical excitation of interband transitions and the free-electron response. A general formula for N-ayer concentric nanoshells is arranged, and numerical calculations are performed for the four-layer nanoshells as an example. We have analyzed in detail different configurations of nanoshells such as dielectric-metal-dielectric-metal with dielectric core, metal-dielectric-metal-dielectric with metal core and semiconductor-metal-dielectric-metal with semiconductor core because composition of nanoshells have dramatic influence on their optical properties. The absorbance spectrum behavior of the shell thicknesses, surrounding medium, shape and composition of each layer of the nanoshell is numerically investigated.     

梯度颗粒复合介质的光学双稳

重点研究了组分的梯度构形对带壳球形颗粒复合介质的光学双稳特性的影响.其中球形颗粒是由非线性核和介电函数具有梯度分布的线性壳组成.对于壳层介电函数具有幂指数分布的情况,通过求解麦克斯韦方程,得到各区域的势能分布函数,从而求得核内电场的数学表达式.数值研究发现,该复合介质的光学双稳阈值和区域与壳层的厚度及壳层的介电幂指数有关,随着壳层厚度增大或幂指数增大,双稳阈值将变宽.此外,还研究了正入射情况下复合材料体系的反射系数随外电场的变化情况, 发现其关系曲线是一条回线. 关键词： 梯度颗粒 复合介质 光学双稳     

Observation of Optical Bistability and Multi-Stability in the Dielecrtric Slab Doped with a Quantum well Waveguide

The optical bistability (OB) and multi-stability (OM) behavior in a dielectric slab medium doped with semiconductor quantum well nanostructure has been discussed by employing the spin coherence effect. It is shown that, by changing the relative phase of applied fields the bistable behavior switches from OB to OM or vice versa in a dielectric medium. The effect of the frequency detuning of laser fields on the OB and OM behavior are also discussed in this paper.     

Ultra-Low Threshold Optical Bistability and Multi-Stability in Dielecrtric Slab Doped with Semiconductor Quantum Well

A scheme for switching of the optical bistability (OB) and multi-stability (OM) in a dielectric slab doped with a three-level ladder-configuration n-doped semiconductor quantum well is simulated. It is shown that the bistable behavior of the system in dielectric slab can be controlled via amplitude or relative phase of applied fields. This optical system may provide some new possibilities for test the switching process.     

Noticeable positive Doppler effect on optical bistability in an N-type active Raman gain atomic system

We theoretically investigate the Doppler effect on optical bistability in an N-type active Raman gain atomic system inside an optical ring cavity.It is shown that the Doppler effect can greatly enhance the dispersion and thus create the bistable behaviour or greatly increase the bistable region,which has been known as the positive Doppler effect on optical bistability.In addition,we find that a positive Doppler effect can change optical bistability from the hybrid dispersion-gain type to a dispersive type.     

压缩真空注入对光学双稳的影响

研究了注入压缩真空对介质为Ａ－型三能级原子的环形腔的双稳行为的影响。结果表明,压缩真空的注入明显增大了双稳迟滞环。可以注入适当的压缩真空来控制双稳。     

左手材料与非线性光学材料界面处的内光学双稳态

从理论及数值上研究了左手材料与传统非线性材料界面处的电磁波性质。发现在界面处出现一种新的现象——光学双稳态。入射光强、入射角以及左手材料与非线性材料的磁导率比值强烈的影响光学双稳态的行为。比较了不同的电磁模式对双稳态行为的影响。结果表明在相同的参数下，TE模式比TM模式更容易获得光学双稳态。     

Abnormal switching behavior of nanoparticle composite systems

We have investigated the properties of liquid crystals (LCs) doped with ZnO (8% Cu doped) nanoparticles. The electro-optic properties of LCs have changed with varying concentration of ZnO nanoparticles. The dielectric anisotropy obtained from the values of dielectric permittivity at 5 kHz in the nematic and smectic phases was found to increase with increasing concentration of nanoparticles in LCs. It has been established that the effect of nanoparticles on the dielectric anisotropy depends on the physical properties of LCs; the nanoparticle disturbs the orientation ordering of LC molecules. The nanoparticle also influences the switching behavior, splay elastic constant, rotational viscosity and threshold voltage of pure LCs. A small quantity of nanoparticles causes slight reduction of the splay elastic constant and rotational viscosity of LC cells.     

OPTICAL BISTABILITY IN V MEDIUM BY SQUEEZED VACUUM INPUT

We discuss the optical bistable behavior of a system of N V-type three-level atoms pumped by a coherent input field and coupled to a squeezed vacuum field by treating the optical hist ability of such a system as an input-output problem. It is shown that bistability can be realized due to the squeezed vacuum input.     

Two optical bistability domains in composites of metal nanoparticles with nonlinear dielectric core

It is shown that the local field in metal spherical particles with a dielectric core in an external varying electric field has two maxima at two different frequencies. The second maximum becomes more important with an increment in the metal fraction. Due to the nonlinear dielectric function of the core, the composite of these inclusions may have two optically induced bistability domains at different frequencies. At rather high metal fraction, two bistability domains merge and form one entire bistability domain. The parameters of these domains are studied numerically. The paper focuses on the second bistability domain, which has not been discussed in the literature so far. This domain exists in a comparatively narrow frequency range and its onset fields are lower than those of the first bistability domain. The lowest bistability onset fields are obtained in the entire domain. This peculiarity of the optical induced bistability in the metal composite with small dielectric cores can be attractive for possible applications.     

Nonlinear optical response from composites based on nanostructures consisting of an absorbing core and metallic shell near the plasmon resonance

The object of experimental study and numerical simulation is the nonlinear optical response from composites with nanoparticles consisting of a nonlinearly absorbing dielectric core and a metallic shell. It is shown that a small spread in nanoparticle sizes near the plasmon resonance may significantly change the dependence of the nonlinear optical response on the concentration of nanoparticles of each size.     

Enhancement of nonlinear optical properties of compounds of silica glass and metallic nanoparticle

The aim of this paper is to introduce a method for enhancing the nonlinear optical properties in silica glass by using metallic nanoparticles. First, the T-matrix method is developed to calculate the effective dielectric constant for the compound of silica glass and metallic nanoparticles, both of which possess nonlinear dielectric constants. In the second step, the Maxwell–Garnett theory is exploited to replace the spherical nanoparticles with cylindrical and ellipsoidal ones, facilitating the calculation of the third-order nonlinear effective susceptibility for a degenerate four-wave mixing case. The results are followed by numerical computations for silver, copper and gold nanoparticles. It is shown, graphically, that the maximum and minimum of the real part of the reflection coefficient for nanoparticles of silver occurs in smaller wavelengths compared to that of copper and gold. Further, it is found that spherical nanoparticles exhibit greater figure-of-merit compared to those with cylindrical or ellipsoidal geometries.     

Optical bistability via amplitude and phase control of a microwave field

We investigate the steady-state optical bistability behavior in a three-level Λ-type atomic system closed by a microwave field under the condition that the applied fields are in resonance with corresponding atomic transitions. It is shown that the bistable hysteresis cycles can be controlled by both the amplitude and the phase of the microwave field.     

金纳米球壳光学吸收的Mie理论分析

基于Mie散射理论研究了金壳厚度变化、内核尺寸变化及内核介质变化下金纳米球壳的吸收光谱.研究发现,随着金壳厚度的增加,颗粒光学吸收增加到最大值后逐渐降低;随着内核尺寸逐渐增加,金壳颗粒的光学吸收最大值逐渐减小.此外,还发现随着内核介电常数的增大,颗粒的光学吸收逐渐减弱,当内核为空心时,吸收最强.利用等离激元杂化理论及自由电子和振荡电子变化的竞争机制对上述现象进行了理论分析. 关键词： 金纳米球壳 等离激元共振 吸收光谱     

Tunable coupled plasmon modes via nanoshell particle chains

Coupled plasmon modes have been studied theoretically in periodic chains of nanoshell particles embedded in a graded dielectric host. These chains not only sustain a variety of localized modes as unshelled nanoparticle chains, but also offer precise control of the localization-delocalization transition among these modes by varying the permittivity contrast and/or core-shell radius ratio. By optimizing these parameters, the upper band can be tuned into higher frequencies while the lower band can be tuned into the optical communication frequencies for practical application. We also discuss the Ohmic loss effects in the metallic component of the nanoshells.     

Controllable optical bistability and multistability in asymmetric double quantum wells via spontaneously generated coherence

We investigate the nonlinear optical phenomena of the optical bistability and multistability via spontaneously generated coherence in an asymmetric double quantum well structure coupled by a weak probe field and a controlling field. It is shown that the threshold and hysteresis cycle of the optical bistability can be conveniently controlled only by adjusting the intensity of the SGC or the controlling field. Moreover, switching between optical bistability and multistability can be achieved. These studies may have practical significance for the preparation of optical bistable switching device.     

带壳颗粒复合介质光学双稳的温度效应

研究非稀释极限下带壳的球形颗粒复合介质体系光学双稳的温度效应.其中带壳颗粒是由具有线性响应的核和非线性响应的壳层组成.由于复合体系中的空间局域场是不均匀的,所以应用自洽平均场理论,解析推导核内电场平方的空间平均值与外电场的关系表达式,并对不同温度及不同结构参数下的光学双稳进行了数值计算.结果表明,双稳与温度T、结构参数k和体积分数f有关.在k和f一定时,随温度的升高,双稳效应因上阈值减小、下阈值增大而逐渐减弱,直至双稳消失;在T和f一定时,随结构参数的增大,上、下阈值都增大,而上阈值的增速较大从而导致双稳区域宽度加大. 关键词： 带壳颗粒 复合介质 光学双稳 温度效应     

The Absorptivity of a Nanocomposite Layer with Spherical Metal Inclusions

The dependences of the absorptivity of a nanocomposite layer (a dielectric matrix with spherical metal inclusions) on the frequency, the volume fraction, the size of inclusions, the thickness of the layer, and the angle of incidence of the wave on it are studied. It is shown that the particular features of optical characteristics are related with the plasmon resonance in nanoparticles and the resonant-frequency dependence of the dielectric permittivity of the composite medium. The values of film parameters and frequency intervals in which the incident radiation is absorbed almost completely are found.     

Tunable intrinsic optical bistability of Au–Ag alloy nanoparticle: effects of spatial position and Au composition

The intrinsic optical bistability (IOB) of an Au–Ag alloy nanosphere is theoretically investigated. Calculation results based on quasi-static theory and Kerr nonlinearity show that the optical bistable behavior for both spatial average response and local field at the hot location only exists when the local electric field is enhanced and exceed the threshold intensity, which is dependent on the spatial position and gold composition. Our theoretic investigation also presents a physical picture of how the local field enhancement affects the IOB characters of the alloy nanoparticles.     

Optical bistability in nonlinear surface-plasmon polaritonic crystals

Nonlinear optical transmission through periodically nanostructured metal films (surface-plasmon polaritonic crystals) has been studied. The surface polaritonic crystals have been coated with a nonlinear polymer. The optical transmission of such nanostructures has been shown to depend on the control-light illumination conditions. The resonant transmission exhibits bistable behavior with the control-light intensity. The bistability is different at different resonant signal wavelengths and for different wavelengths of the control light. The effect is explained by the strong sensitivity of the surface-plasmon mode resonances at the signal wavelength to the surrounding dielectric environment and the electromagnetic field enhancement due to plasmonic excitations at the controlled light wavelengths.