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1.
科学探究是初中物理课程标准之一,科学探究从改变学生学习方式出发,注重让学生在预习教材中探究,在质疑问难中探究,在观察比较中探究,在矛盾冲突中探究,在问题解决中探究,在实践活动中探究等。  相似文献   

2.
张开逊 《物理》2005,34(2):138-142
新的科学信息、发现自然规律,是科学研究永恒的主题.近代科学诞生之后的200年间,物理学已经形成了自身的传统,任何理论都必须接受实验的检验,理论导出的结果必须与以科学手段获得的自然信息一致,准确的自然信息在科学发展中起着决定性作用。人类活动每迈出新的一步,都会面临获取自然信息的新问题.在科学和技术领域前沿工作的科技工作者,随时关注着新的科学发现和技术发明,以创造性的智慧努力使它们用于获取更多的信息。  相似文献   

3.
周长春 《物理通报》2009,(10):33-36
万有引力定律的发现过程犹如一部壮丽的科学史诗,它歌颂了前辈科学家的科学精神,也展现了科学发展过程中科学家富有创造而又严谨的科学思维,是发展学生科学思维能力难得的好素材.  相似文献   

4.
1追求真理是科学精神发生学与逻辑的起点 科学精神是在科学家长期(从古算起2000余年,从近现代算起400多年)科学实践活动中,逐渐形成、发展起来并积淀下来的,是科学文化深层结构(行为观念层次)中蕴涵的价值和规范的综合.科学精神是科学本性的自然流露或延伸,体现了科学的哲学和文化意蕴,是科学的根本、真诠和灵魂.通过科学传播、科学学习、科学训练、科学研究,  相似文献   

5.
19世纪的物理学在热力学、光学、电磁理论和统计力学等方面取得了重大进展。以至到19世纪末,不少学者以为物理学已经基本完成。著名物理学家迈克尔逊就认为:“当然无法绝然肯定物理科学不再会有像过去那么惊人的奇迹,但非常可能的是大部分宏伟的基本原理业已确立,而今后的进展仅在于将这些原理严格地应用于我们所关注的现象上。在这里测量科学的重要性就显示出来了——定量的结果比定性的结果更为可贵。一位卓越的物理学家曾经说过,物理科学未来的真理将在小数点六位数字上求索。”然而,恰恰是他为首的以太漂移实验的零结果和黑体辐射与理论的冲突,成为晴朗天空中的“两朵乌云”。  相似文献   

6.
本文在分析科学方法教育在中学物理教学中作用的基础上,阐述了科学方法教育的内容,原则,探讨了物理教学中进行科学方法教育的途径。  相似文献   

7.
钱时惕 《物理通报》2006,(11):44-46
“实证”(positive)一词。来源于拉丁文,有“肯定”、“明确”和“确定”等含意.16世纪以来,自然科学摆脱神权统治走上独立发展道路,这个时期的科学强调“起于经验、迄于经验”,要求知识的“肯定性”、“明确性”、“确实性”,与中世纪经院哲学空洞、繁难、甚至荒诞的“思辩”与“说教”形成鲜明对比.因此,有人把这个时期的自然科学称为经验科学或实证科学.而伴随着这种实证科学产生与成长的方法。则称为实证科学方法.  相似文献   

8.
我们对大自然的了解,是科学家们用一种有序、系统的(科学)方法形成和获得的.科学方法告诉我们发现自然法则的途径,如图1所示.  相似文献   

9.
蔡志凌 《物理通报》2005,(11):50-52
科学探究是物理学的本质特征之一;新课程倡导物理教学以科学探究为中心的新理念,正是体现物理学的本质与促进学生科学素养发展相统一的要求,也是国际物理教育发展的共同趋势.那么,何谓科学探究呢?现代教育科学使用的“科学探究”一词往往具有两个层面上的含义:一是科学探究活动.二是科学探究技能.探究技能是对学生能力方面的要求,是完成科学探究活动的基础与保证.  相似文献   

10.
科学与诗     
在目前急功近利和物欲横流的时代,读诗者已经很少了;而作为科学工作者来说,读诗乃至写诗者更是凤毛麟角,谈到科学与诗的关系,不妨做一个形象的比喻:诗给理性世界以营养、动力和视野,如果把没有诗性的科学比做月亮,那么充满诗性的科学则可看成是太阳,科学家在从事科学研究时,应重视诗歌艺术对科学研究和科学发现的激发和启迪作用。  相似文献   

11.
Recent progress in multi-dimensional solid-state NMR correlation spectroscopy at high static magnetic fields and ultra-fast magic-angle spinning is discussed. A focus of the review is on applications to protein resonance assignment and structure determination as well as on the characterization of protein dynamics in the solid state. First, the consequences of ultra-fast spinning on sensitivity and sample heating are considered. Recoupling and decoupling techniques at ultra-fast MAS are then presented, as well as more complex experiments assembled from these basic building blocks. Furthermore, we discuss new avenues in biomolecular solid-state NMR spectroscopy that become feasible in the ultra-fast spinning regime, such as sensitivity enhancement based on paramagnetic doping, and the prospect of direct proton detection.  相似文献   

12.
In the reaction dynamics of intermediate-energy radioactive beams we can probe highly asymmetric nuclear matter in compressed as well as dilute phases. In this report some predictions are presented, based on analytical results as well as on reaction simulations. We suggest a series of experiments with RIB aimed to shed light on isospin properties of nuclear interactions in the medium. Received: 1 May 2001 / Accepted: 4 December 2001  相似文献   

13.
We discuss aspects of the physics of proteins at low temperature as they are reflected in highly resolved optical spectra of molecular probes. Typical probe molecules are heme-like dyes, aromatic amino acids, but also extended molecular aggregates in light harvesting complexes. We put emphasis on the interactions of the probe with its protein environment, on the range of these interactions, on their specific behavior in external fields, as well as on the characteristic parameters of the protein which can be determined with optical techniques at low temperatures but are not easily accessible otherwise. However, the focus of the review is on spectral diffusion physics of proteins, i.e. on their motion in conformational phase space, and on how this motion is reflected in the optical spectra. These structure changing-processes reflect the non-ergodic nature of low temperature proteins. They are most clearly detected at low temperature where the resolution of the experiment is close to the ultimate limit as given by the natural linewidth and where the dynamics become slow enough to be conveniently measured. In part I we discuss aspects of ensemble experiments, in part II we focus on experiments with single protein complexes. We offer lines of reasoning which may serve as guidelines for an understanding of the phenomena.  相似文献   

14.
Tetrahydrofuran (THF) hydrate has long been used as a substitute for methane hydrate in laboratory studies. This article investigated the formation and dissociation characteristics of THF hydrate in porous media simulated by various-sized quartz glass beads. The formation and dissociation processes of THF hydrate are observed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology. The hydrate saturation during the formation is obtained based on the MRI data. The experimental result suggests that the third surface has an effect on hydrate formation. THF hydrate crystals lean to form on the glass beads and in their adjacent area as well as from the wall of the sample container firstly. Furthermore, as the pore size diminishes, or as the formation temperature decreases, the nucleation gets easier and the formation processes faster. However, the dissociation rate is mostly dependent on the dissociation temperature rather than on the pore size.  相似文献   

15.
We present magnetoresistance (MR) measurements performed on quench-condensed granular Ni thin films which are on the verge of electric continuity. In these systems, the electric conductivity is believed to be governed by the resistance between a very small number of grains. The films exhibit sharp resistance jumps as a function of magnetic field. We interpret these findings as being the result of magneto-mechanical distortions that occur in single grains which act as bottlenecks in the dilute percolation network. The observed features provide a unique measure of magnetostriction effects in nano-grain structures as well as being able to shed light on some of the properties of regular granular magnetic films.  相似文献   

16.
Based on the ray acoustics approach, the trapping effects on a microsphere by an ideally spherically-focused ultrasound are discussed. The acoustical radiation force from a focused ultrasound beam on a spherical particle in a three-dimensional sound field is calculated considering the effect of the attenuation of the ultrasound beam both inside the particle and in the surrounding medium. The results show that as long as the particle is in the range of the ultrasound beam and as long as the appropriate parameters of the transducer are selected, the particle will be captured in the vicinity of the focus of the ultrasound beam. Also, the particle radius and different parameters of the transducer are analyzed for their affect on the radiation force.  相似文献   

17.
卢道明 《光子学报》2014,40(9):1386-1391
采用Negativity熵来描述两子系统间的纠缠,研究了由两个二能级原子与光纤联接的单模腔构成的系统的纠缠特性.利用数值计算方法讨论了原子与腔场的耦合强度和原子选择性测量对纠缠特性的影响.研究结果表明:对一个原子的选择性测量,可增强原子间与腔场间和腔场与腔场间的纠缠.  相似文献   

18.
运动目标的光电定位不能像静止目标那样简单做均值滤波,鉴于此,引入粒子滤波算法,它不仅可以应用于线性系统,而且还适用于非线性系统。结合光电定位需求,详细推导了计算公式及初值和参数选取公式,对只含测量噪声以及含有测量和运动噪声等的海面运动目标光电无源定位算法进行了仿真计算,验证了算法的有效性,讨论了噪声强度对滤波效果的影响,滤波参数选择对滤波效果的影响,目标运动方式对滤波跟随性的影响,重采样算法对滤波效果的影响等。所得结论为:粒子滤波可用于运动目标光电定位过程,可有效降低定位误差;粒子滤波算法具有较强鲁棒性,适用于噪声较大、目标运动形态变化大等情况。  相似文献   

19.
The effect of real-time information on the traffic flows of the crossing roads is studied by simulations based on a cellular automaton model. At the intersection, drivers have to enter a road of a shorter trip-time, by making a turn if necessary, as indicated on the information board. Dynamics of the traffic are expressed as a return map in the density-flow space. The traffic flow is classified into six phases, as a function of the car density. It is found that such a behavior of drivers induces too much concentration of cars on one road and, as a result, causes oscillation of the flow and the density of cars on both roads. The oscillation usually results in a reduced total flow, except for the cases of high car density.  相似文献   

20.
In recent years, high-energy ultrasound has been used as an alternative to improve the functional properties of various proteins, such as from milk, eggs, soy and poultry. The benefits of implementing this technology depend on the inherent characteristics of the protein source and the intensity and amplitude of the ultrasound, as well as on the pH, temperature, ionic strength, time, and all of the variables that have an effect on the physicochemical properties of proteins. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the optimal conditions for each type of food. The use of ultrasound is a promising technique in food technology with a low impact on the environment, and it has thus become known as a green technology. Therefore, this review focuses on the application of high-energy ultrasound to food; its effects on the functional properties of proteins; and how different conditions such as the frequency, time, amplitude, temperature, and protein concentration affect the functional properties.  相似文献   

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