ITER磁体重力支撑系统的应力强度分析

用ANSYS有限元软件,分析了ITER重力支撑系统的静力情况。采用实体单元建立有限元模型,分析了磁体重量、热载荷、地震和电磁力多种工况下的应力分布及位移变形,获得的最大应力强度和最大位移均在许用应力及允许位移范围内。为进一步优化ITER重力支撑系统提供了重要的参考数据。     

Ply-by-Ply Failure Analysis of Laminates Under Dynamic Loading

Ply-by-ply failure analysis of symmetric and anti-symmetric laminates under uniform sinusoidal transverse dynamic loading is performed for a specified duration. The study investigates the first ply failure load, followed by the detection of successive ply failures along with their failure modes using various failure theories. Some of the well-established failure theories, mostly used by the researchers, are considered for the failure prediction in laminates. The finite element computational model based on higher order shear deformation displacement field is used for the failure analysis and the complete methodology is computer coded using FORTRAN. The ply-discount stiffness reduction scheme is employed to modify the material properties of the failed lamina. The failure theories used in the analysis are compared according to their ability to predict failure load, failed ply, failure mode and progression of failure. The failure analysis is performed for both the cross-ply and angle-ply laminates with all edges simply supported and clamped. The significance of fibre orientation and stacking sequence in terms of the strength of a laminate and failure progression is also highlighted.     

Nonlinear ultrasonic imaging method for closed cracks using subtraction of responses at different external loads

To improve the selectivity of closed cracks for objects other than cracks in ultrasonic imaging, we propose an extension of a novel imaging method, namely, subharmonic phased array for crack evaluation (SPACE) as well as another approach using the subtraction of responses at different external loads. By applying external static or dynamic loads to closed cracks, the contact state in the cracks varies, resulting in an intensity change of responses at cracks. In contrast, objects other than cracks are independent of external load. Therefore, only cracks can be extracted by subtracting responses at different loads. In this study, we performed fundamental experiments on a closed fatigue crack formed in an aluminum alloy compact tension (CT) specimen using the proposed method. We examined the static load dependence of SPACE images and the dynamic load dependence of linear phased array (PA) images by simulating the external loads with a servohydraulic fatigue testing machine. By subtracting the images at different external loads, we show that this method is useful in extracting only the intensity change of responses related to closed cracks, while canceling the responses of objects other than cracks.     

Semi-analytical finite element analysis of elastic waveguides subjected to axial loads

Predicting the influence of axial loads on the wave propagation in structures such as rails requires numerical analysis. Conventional three-dimensional finite element analysis has previously been applied to this problem. The process is tedious as it requires that a number of different length models be solved and that the user identify the computed modes of propagation. In this paper, the more specialised semi-analytical finite element method is extended to account for the effect of axial load. The semi-analytical finite element method includes the wave propagation as a complex exponential in the element formulation and therefore only a two-dimensional mesh of the cross-section of the waveguide is required. It was found that the stiffness matrix required to describe the effect of axial load is proportional to the mass matrix, which makes the extension to existing software trivial. The method was verified by application to an aluminium rod, where after phase and group velocities of propagating waves in a rail were computed to demonstrate the method.     

EAST PF8线圈氦管结构分析和疲劳试验

 为解决EAST PF8线圈氦管在与导体连接的焊缝位置出现的泄漏问题，分析了该氦管的载荷及边界条件，给出了4种载荷组合工况。建立PF8氦管的有限元模型，对4种工况进行了静力学分析。计算结果表明，热载荷和螺管固定支撑板G11变形是焊缝失效的主要原因。在4.5K下对PF8氦管样件进行了疲劳试验，结果表明氦管疲劳寿命超过2×10⁵次，满足使用要求。对PF8氦管进行了修复，使氦管与螺管固定支撑板G11板脱开，避免了额外载荷的作用，满足EAST使用要求。     

一类分时冗余系统的累伤可靠性模型及其参数估计

在不考虑部件每一次修如新的条件下,给出了物理系统状态失效时间的一种等效方法,建立了需要周期更换部件状态的分时冗余系统的累积损伤可靠性模型,并基于Weibull分布对相应模型参数进行了估计,并给出了一个用于评价系统可靠性的仿真方法. 为验证模型与仿真方法的有效性,对一个1/3型机械系统的可靠性进行了分析. 关键词： 分时冗余系统 可靠性 累积损伤模型 物理失效     

军用光学系统的可靠性研究

介绍军用光学系统的失效模式及主要影响。论述军用光学系统的可靠性分布，并给出了可靠性的预估方法。     

差动柔性绳传动惯性稳定平台载荷分析与结构校核

针对一种新型柔索传动差动结构稳定平台结构设计问题,开展平台载荷分析和框架结构强度以及稳定性校核研究。根据平台的实际工况和载荷特点,将载荷划分为惯性载荷、质心偏移加速度载荷、摩擦载荷和环境载荷,分类计算并进行载荷综合和功率估算;以回转架结构为例进行结构静动态校核,根据载荷分析结果,对框架结构进行有限元分析,校核结果显示回转架具有良好的静动态特性:平台框架调转及随载体机动过程中的变形在系统允许的范围之内,满足设计要求;框架结构一阶固有频率为156.04 Hz,远高于伺服系统工作带宽,不会引起谐振,具有较高的结构动态稳定性。     

FREE VIBRATIONS OF SELF-STRAINED ASSEMBLIES OF BEAMS

This paper examines the natural frequencies and modes of transverse vibration of two simple redundant systems comprising straight uniform Euler-Bernoulli beams in which there are internal self-balancing axial loads (e.g., loads due to non-uniform thermal strains). The simplest system consists of two parallel beams joined at their ends and the other is a 6-beam rectangular plane frame. Symmetric mode vibration normal to the plane of the frame is studied. Transcendental frequency equations are established for the different systems. Computed frequencies and modes are presented which show the effect of (1) varying the axial loads over a wide range, up to and beyond the values which cause individual members to buckle (2) pinning or fixing the beam joints (3) varying the relative flexural stiffness of the component beams. When the internal axial loads first cause any one of the component beams to buckle, the fundamental frequency of the whole system vanishes. The critical axial loads required for this are determined. A simple criterion has been identified to predict whether a small increase from zero in the axial compressive load in any one member causes the natural frequencies of the whole system to rise or fall. It is shown that this depends on the relative flexural stiffnesses and buckling loads of the different members. Computed modes of vibration show that when the axial modes reach their critical values, the buckled beam(s) distort with large amplitudes while the unbuckled beam(s) move either as rigid bodies or with bending which decays rapidly from the ends to a near-rigid-body movement over the central part of the beam. The modes of the systems with fixed joints change very little (if at all) with changing axial load, except when the load is close to the value which maximizes or minimizes the frequency. In a narrow range around this load the mode changes rapidly. The results provide an explanation for some computed results (as yet unpublished) for the flexural modes and frequencies of flat plates with non-uniform thermal stress distributions.     

Application of the correlation method to analyze deformations in transparent materials

The scheme of elastic stress visualization in transparent materials (Plexiglas) by a change in optical path is proposed. The optical path gradient was measured using the correlation method. A model experiment was performed at various configurations of transverse static loads on a Plexiglas beam. It was shown that the displacement field of the background structure corresponds to stress diagram at a given beam load scheme. For the process of point heating of quartz glass, the correlation method is compared to the method based on the photoelasticity effect.     

直升机载光电稳瞄系统可靠性研究与分析

 稳瞄系统可靠性对直升机载武器系统可靠性具有重要影响。通过对产品可靠性概念和军用光电系统可靠性、直升机载稳瞄系统的功能和组成单元的阐述,给出了舰载直升机光电稳瞄系统的可靠性框图和数学模型。研究了舰载直升机稳瞄系统的可靠性影响因素和系统故障模式,探讨了稳瞄系统结构、光学和电气可靠性,提出通过计算机仿真对稳瞄系统可靠性进行预计分析的方法。某舰载直升机稳瞄系统在96 h可靠性试验过程中出现故障2次,达到MTBF≤32 h的可能性指标要求。对系统可靠性提前进行预估并采取相应的设计措施,保证产品可靠性达到设计要求,提高设计质量,缩短研制周期。     

可靠性物理动力学

本文试图从结构元件破裂的微观机理出发,用随机过程的理论方法,建立结构可靠性的微观动力学理论。文中给出了故障演化动力学方程和可靠性分析的基本几率函数,导出了结构元件的故障几率和几率密度、可靠性、故障率及平均寿命。 关键词：     

激光辐照下充压柱壳的破坏能量阈值数值模拟

采用有限元方法模拟了激光辐照下充压柱壳的热力学响应,计算了不同工况下结构的瞬态温度场和应力场,根据材料强度准则判断了柱壳的破坏时刻,并提出了一种预测激光辐照下充压柱壳破坏能量阈值的数值方法。研究了壳体厚度和内压大小对柱壳破坏能量阈值的影响,并给出了典型工况下柱壳破坏能量阈值同壳体厚度以及充压大小的关系。数值计算结果表明:破坏能量密度阈值与壳体厚度、内压大小近似成线性关系,壳体厚度比内压大小对柱壳的激光破坏能量阈值影响更大。     

Probability of fatigue failure in glass fibers

Fracture mechanics provides the background for making long-term failure predictions to assure the mechanical reliability of glass fibers. The fatigue parameters necessary for making these predictions can be obtained from static and dynamic fatigue strength experiments. The failure calculations are best understood by expressing the predictions in terms of a design diagram. The probability of failure in service as well as the proof test stress necessary to ensure a minimum lifetime in service can be obtained from a design diagram.     

Identifying multiple axial load patterns using measured vibration data

Multiply redundant frames possess as many linearly independent axial load patterns as their degree of static indeterminacy. Any state of equilibrium can be described as the linear sum of these axial load patterns. As a frame is loaded in the multiple patterns, the changes in member axial loads affect the frame frequencies and mode shapes in a complicated way through geometric stiffening. By representing this behaviour in a finite element model (FEM), it is possible to measure the dynamic characteristics of a physical frame, update the axial loads in the FEM until the difference between measured and model frequencies is minimised and thus infer the member axial loads. What is updated is the factors on the axial load patterns and this is done iteratively using traditional model updating (Newton's method). Thus, all member axial loads can be identified using just a set of updating parameters equal in number to the degree of static indeterminacy. A numerical simulation and, for the first time, an implementation on a physical realisation of a multiply redundant frame using measured vibration data are presented herein and show that member loads can be identified to an encouraging degree of accuracy. Beneficial strategies such as formulating the problem on an orthonormal basis for the axial load patterns and a ‘modal tagging’ scheme, which helps to conserve the strength of the necessary, but otherwise typically compromised, pairing of mode shapes of the FEM to those measured, are discussed.     

大型LTD装置功率源可靠性初步分析

产生脉冲电流约50 MA的大型LTD装置功率源由数十万个电容器、开关和触发器组成。规模庞大的功率源采用串联系统可靠性模型,其可靠度想要达到一个较高的水平,存在所要求的开关可靠度难以实现的情况。大型LTD装置功率源的主要故障模式为开关自击穿和触发器故障,开关自击穿将导致其所在的模块故障,而触发器一对多的触发方式,使其故障时引起更多的模块故障。在LTD装置输出性能满足要求的前提下,允许存在一定数量的模块故障,并且控制故障模块分布,是实现功率源高可靠度的关键。基于概念设计的大型LTD装置功率源构成框架,分别建立了在功率源、支路、分层上控制故障模块数量的可靠性模型。采用蒙特卡罗方法对该模型进行仿真计算,得出了在给定的功率源可靠度条件下开关和触发器需要达到的可靠度。为实现该可靠性模型,使故障模块不对其他部分产生影响,还对故障模块隔离技术进行了分析。     

Stability of an axially accelerating string subjected to frictional guiding forces

The dynamic response of an axially translating continuum subjected to the combined effects of a pair of spring supported frictional guides and axial acceleration is investigated; such systems are both non-conservative and gyroscopic. The continuum is modeled as a tensioned string translating between two rigid supports with a time-dependent velocity profile. The equations of motion are derived with the extended Hamilton's principle and discretized in the space domain with the finite element method. The stability of the system is analyzed with the Floquet theory for cases where the transport velocity is a periodic function of time. Direct time integration using an adaptive step Runge-Kutta algorithm is used to verify the results of the Floquet theory. This approach can also be employed in the general case of arbitrary time-varying velocity. Results are given in the form of time history diagrams and instability point grids for different sets of parameters such as the location of the stationary load, the stiffness of the elastic support, and the values of initial tension. This work showed that presence of friction adversely affects stability, but using non-zero spring stiffness on the guiding force has a stabilizing effect. This work also showed that the use of the finite element method and Floquet theory is an effective combination to analyze stability in gyroscopic systems with stationary friction loads.     

Probability of fatigue failure in glass fibers

Abstract

Fracture mechanics provides the background for making long-term failure predictions to assure the mechanical reliability of glass fibers. The fatigue parameters necessary for making these predictions can be obtained from static and dynamic fatigue strength experiments. The failure calculations are best understood by expressing the predictions in terms of a design diagram. The probability of failure in service as well as the proof test stress necessary to ensure a minimum lifetime in service can be obtained from a design diagram.     

Identification of the structure parameters applying a moving load

An approach to the flexural stiffness identification of a linear structure is proposed. The idea of the presented approach is to transform the dynamical problem into a static one by integrating the input and output signals. The output signal is the structure displacement due to different kinds of loads such as a pulse acting at a given point, moving a load of deterministic or random type. The obtained solution for the one-point force can be easily generalized to a set of point forces, which can be a model of the pressure of vehicle axes. The presented method can be applied to the identification of structure parameters of bridges. It allows also to take into account some stochastic disturbances following the movement of vehicles through the pavement roughness.