离子液体对酪氨酸酶碳糊电极电化学行为的影响

分别用循环伏安法、计时电量法和交流阻抗法考察了离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([BMIM]PF6)对酪氨酸酶碳糊电极(T-CPE)电化学行为的影响.结果表明:离子液体酪氨酸酶碳糊电极(T-CPE-IL)比T-CPE对邻苯二酚有更灵敏的响应.离子液体的加入改善了T-CPE的表面性能,使邻苯二酚在电极表面的吸附电量由2.08mC增至5.67mC,电子转移标准速率常数增加了约2个数量级,使电极反应的控制步骤由受电子转移控制转化为受扩散控制.     

二次掺杂聚吡咯/聚噻吩膜的制备及其光电性能

为了研究磷酸锌二次掺杂聚吡咯/聚噻吩膜的光电及防腐蚀性能,采用直接接触氧化技术在磷酸锌溶液中制备出掺杂聚吡咯/聚噻吩,再用磷酸锌在脱掺杂聚吡咯的基础上制备出性能优良的二次掺杂聚吡咯/聚噻吩膜。采用循环伏安曲线、扫描电镜和动电位极化曲线测试了二次掺杂聚吡咯/聚噻吩/磷酸锌复合材料的微观形貌及光电性能,并与一次掺杂及未掺杂的聚吡咯/聚噻吩进行了对比。测试结果表明:不锈钢表面覆盖掺杂的聚吡咯/聚噻吩膜都有较好的光电性能,以二次掺杂聚吡咯/聚噻吩膜性能为最好。与未掺杂的聚吡咯/聚噻吩高分子膜相比,二次掺杂聚吡咯膜的腐蚀电位比纯聚苯胺膜提高了约0.989 V,自腐蚀电流降低了约2个数量级。     

离子液体[bmim][PF6]与乙腈混合体系中的激光光解研究

以蒽醌(AQ)作为探针分子,利用激光光解技术研究了咪唑型离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟化磷([bmim][PF6])与乙腈(MeCN)混合体系中的光化学反应行为.研究结果表明,离子液体[bmim][PF6]自身可与激发三线态的蒽醌分子(3AQ*)进行反应,且表观反应速率常数随着[bmim][PF6]/MeCN比例的不同呈现特殊规律性的变化.在离子液体的摩尔分数(xRTIL)为0.06处观察到一个明显的临界点.当xRTIL＜0.06时,表观速率常数随xRTIL的增大而增大;而当xRTIL＞0.06时,表观速率常数随xRTIL的增大而减小.文章给出了[bmim][PF6]/MeCN混合体系中激光诱导化学反应的动力学常数,并初步推测了其反应机理,进一步揭示了离子液体[bmim][PF6]的一些新的光化学特性.     

室温离子液体中超声辐照制备氧化锌纳米棒的研究

离子液体与超声技术结合在纳米材料的制备中具有广阔的前景,但目前以离子液体为溶剂超声制备纳米材料的报道还不多见,相关的反应机理研究也亟待开展.本文首次在室温离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐中超声制备了氧化锌纳米棒,该方法具有简便、快速和环境友好等特点.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对纳米氧化锌的结构和形貌进行表征.作为比较研究,采用传统的低蒸汽压有机溶剂二缩三乙二醇在同样的超声反应条件制备了纳米氧化锌材料.离子液体中超声合成样品为直径约20 nm,长度30-50 nm的纳米棒,而在二缩三乙二醇中超声制备的样品为直径6～8 nm的纳米颗粒.利用光声光谱(PAS)研究了纳米氧化锌样品的光学性能和量子尺寸效应.对离子液体中超声制备氧化锌纳米棒可能的反应机理进行了讨论并建立了的反应模型.结果表明在在超声辐照和离子液体溶剂的共同作用下氧化锌纳米棒得以生成.     

新型3,4-二烷基取代聚噻吩的合成、光学及电化学性能

通过Heck偶联法制备了一种新型聚噻吩衍生物——2,5-二乙烯基-3,4-二辛基噻吩-共-2,5-二苯基-1,3,4-(口恶)二唑(PO2TV-OXD),用核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)及凝胶色谱(GPC)对其结构进行分析和表征.用紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)、荧光光谱(PL)及电化学分析研究其光学和电化学性能,并与3,4-二辛基噻吩均聚物(PO2T)进行了对比研究.研究表明:主链上引入吸电子能力较强的1,3,4-(口恶)二唑基团,明显增加了聚合物的能隙,提高了聚合物的荧光量子效率.     

溶液法制备有机薄膜晶体管的碳纳米管电极

采用十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)和聚(3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩)/聚苯乙烯磺酸盐(PEDOT/PSS)做分散剂制备了分散性能良好的多壁碳纳米管溶液,借助聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)在硅片表面形成亲水疏水区域,采用溶液法制备了图案化的碳纳米管薄膜电极。应用图案化碳纳米管电极制作聚(3-己基噻吩)有机薄膜晶体管,以SDS和PEDOT/PSS为分散剂获得的器件迁移率分别为0.01 cm2.V-1.s-1和0.007 5 cm2.V-1.s-1,开关电流比均为3×103。     

离子液体[bmim][PF6]对氧杂蒽酮光解行为的影响

选择氧杂蒽酮(XAN)为探针分子,利用纳秒级瞬态光解技术研究在1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐离子液体([bmim][PF6])以及离子液体与常规溶剂中的光化学行为,探索不同溶剂对氧杂蒽酮激发三线态态(3 XAN*)的最大吸收峰的影响:3 XAN*在纯乙腈(MeCN)中的吸收峰在630nm,而在[bmim][PF6]作溶剂的体系中激发态的吸收峰发生蓝移,而且纯离子液体体系中3 XAN*的产额显著增加。进一步探索离子液体对光诱导3 XAN*与萘(NAP)之间的能量转移及与N,N-二甲基苯胺(DMA)之间的电子转移的影响,结果表明:[bmim][PF6]/MeCN的二元体系中随着[bmim][PF6]浓度的增大,氧杂蒽酮与萘之间的能量转移速率减小,测得在乙腈和纯离子液体中3 XAN*与NAP之间能量转移速率常数分别为1.2×1010 mol·L-1·s-1和1.1×108 mol·L-1·s-1。     

电化学法制备高密度导电聚吡咯的性能研究

系统地研究了溶剂、温度和聚合电流密度对电化学制备本征导电聚吡咯 (PPy)膜密度的影响,分别用四探针法和热失重(TG)法研究了不同密度的PPy膜的电导率和热稳定性.用循环伏安法(CV)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)法比较了不同密度的PPy膜的电化学性能.研究表明,在室温下,在乙氰/水(AN/H₂O, 99/1)溶液比在水溶液中容易得到高密度的PPy膜.高聚合电流密度(如10mA/cm²)可以进一步提高PPy膜的密度,用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对其结构进行了分析.在AN/H₂O(99/1)溶液中用小电流密度(0.1mA/cm²)聚合时,低温(-20℃)有利于提高PPy膜的密度;然而在高电流密度(10mA/cm²)时, 低温(-20℃)不利于提高PPy膜的密度.高密度的PPy膜(1.42g/cm³)用电流密度10mA/cm²在0℃的AN/H₂O(99/1)溶液中制得.该合成方法和常用的低温低电流密度方法制备高密度的PPy膜相比, 合成时间短,条件易实现,更利于实用化.更重要的是,高密度的PPy膜不仅具有高电导率(～220S/cm)和高热稳定性,还具有低的电化学活性.因此,高密度的PPy膜不仅是一种优异的电子导电的电极材料,而且是一种潜在的优异的防腐材料. 关键词： 聚吡咯膜 密度 电导率 热稳定性     

硝基苯在BMimPF6中的紫外光谱及电还原特性

应用紫外光谱和循环伏安法研究了硝基苯和离子液体BMim PF6的相互作用及其电还原特性。结果表明,硝基苯与紫外光谱受离子液体作用的影响,硝基的吸收峰红移,末端吸收消失。硝基苯电还原的传递系数α随浓度变化而减小。扩散系数D随浓度升高先降低后稍升高。     

噻吩加聚物(C4H4S) n(n=1～8)的密度泛函理论研究

采用B3LYP/6 31G方法对噻吩加聚物(C4H4S)n(n=1～8)体系进行了全优化,在进行结构优化的同 时得到链式加聚物的总能量(ET)、零点能(ZPE)、热容(C0P)、熵(S0)和能隙(△E).通过对体系的能量分析,确定 得到的结构是体系的稳定构型;分析了ZPE、C0P、S0和△E与n的关系,并在能量的基础上得到噻吩分子以不同 方式聚合成链式加聚物时的焓变,并由此确定链式加聚物系列的聚合过程和相对稳定性以及加聚物导电性的变 化趋势.     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.     

Real-time restoration of rotational blurred image using gradient-loading

The key to the restoration of rotational motion blurred image is how to restore the image under a low cost and to correct the irreversibility of the degradation function matrix.Based on the special qualities of degradation function matrix and precise deduction in space-domain, we present a new approach using gradient-loading for restoration of rotational blurred image.By easily adding a gradient operator, the irreversibility of the original matrix is corrected and can be applied for inverse filtering then.Gradientloading is the optimized approach which combines the advantages of both the approaches using constrained least square filtering and traditional diagonal-loading.Compared with the approach using least square filtering, its peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is improved from 3.18 to 6.46dB, while the computing time is reduced to 1/2-1/3.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, noise-resistibility, robustness, and low complexity of this approach, which make it more suitable for real-time environment.     

All-Optical Logic Device Using Bent Nonlinear Tapered Y-Junction Waveguide Structure

We propose an all-optical logic device made of a bent tapered Y-junction waveguide with a Kerr-type nonlinear interface. It could provide an AND gate, OR gate, and exclusive-OR (XOR) gate. We could obtain different transmission results by adjusting the bending angle. The numerical simulation results show that the device functions as AND, OR, and XOR gates.     

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz imaging by a pyroelectric camera

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz (THz) imaging is demonstrated. A 1.89-THz optically-pumped farinfrared laser is used as the illumination source, and a 124 × 124 element room-temperature pyroelectric camera is adopted as the detector. With this setup, THz images through various wrapping materials are shown. The results show that this imaging system has the potential applications in real-time mail and security inspection.