激光共焦扫描显微镜的分辨率及像差补偿

从激光共焦扫描显微镜的基本原理出发,深入讨论激光共焦扫描显微镜的深度分辨率和横向分辨率,同时研究三维成像的像差补偿问题。     

可见光再现X射线无透镜傅里叶变换全息图的可行性研究

本文探讨了可见光再现Ｘ射线无透镜傅里叶变换全息图的可行性问题，结论是，可见光再现Ｘ射线无透镜傅里叶变换全息图，可以做到不但没有球差，而且在一定条件下慧差也可完全消除，其余像差也可校正最小，以臻忽略不计。     

非球面零检验的Dall补偿器设计

根据三级像差理论,推导Dall补偿器在检验光路中几种形式下的初始结构参数计算公式。讨论计算机最佳化设计方法并给出设计实例。     

干涉图数据处理中的几个合理性判据

在干涉图数据处理中,构成波差多项式的基底函数的性质,正则方程的求解方法,抽样点的分布与数量等对确定波差函数的解都有影响;同时在数值化的过程中,不可避免地要引入测量误差,它对波差函数的解也有较大的影响.本文利用数理统计分析的方法对上述问题产生的误差进行精确的定量分析,并给出了各自模拟计算的结果及判断波差多项式的基底函数与项数的选择、抽样点的分布与数量、拟合结果等是否合理的定量判据.     

投影物镜偏振像差对光刻成像质量影响的解析分析方法

提出一种分析线性偏振照明条件下投影物镜偏振像差对交替相移掩模(Alt-PSM)空间像影响的解析方法。基于矢量光刻成像理论,从掩模空间像的光强分布推导出偏振像差引起的空间像图形位置偏移误差(IPE)和最佳焦面偏移(BFS)的解析表达式,实现了各个泡利-泽尼克偏振像差对空间像影响的解析分析。建立了IPE与奇像差项泡利-泽尼克系数和BFS与偶像差项泡利-泽尼克系数间的线性关系。通过光刻仿真软件模拟验证了解析分析结果的正确性,并用最小二乘法评估了线性关系的精确度。     

激光光学系统的初级象差

本文从泽尼克一高斯国多项式出发,讨论了三种初级象差(球差、营差、象散)在平衡及未平衡状态下的标准偏差同衍射孔半径与高斯光束半径之比α的关系.最后讨论了在均匀光波的最佳校正状态下,高斯光束初级象差同α的关系,得到高斯光束的初级象差可按照均匀光波象差理论进行校正的结论.     

正支共焦非稳腔的离焦像差特性

 正支共焦非稳腔在出光过程中易受环境扰动而造成腔长失调，易受热积累影响而使腔镜变形，从而使输出光束产生离焦像差和部分其它像差。为了实现对离焦像差的校正，针对不同的产生原因，提出了2种离焦像差特性分析方法：一为腔镜相对位置失调引起的离焦像差特性理论分析方法，它是另一种分析方法的基础；二为腔镜变形引起的等效腔长变化导致的离焦像差特性分析方法，它是实际激光器中的主要分析方法。得到了离焦像差与腔长的特性关系和离焦像差与腔镜变形量之间的特性关系。研究表明：腔长改变和腔镜变形对离焦像差的影响本质是一样的，都是改变了谐振腔的共焦点位置；腔长改变或腔镜矢高变化与离焦像差都成近似的线性关系。实验验证了离焦像差特性分析方法的有效性，最后指出离焦像差特性可作为激光器中离焦像差动态补偿的有效依据。     

非球面眼镜片的像差分析和设计

根据非球面眼镜片的赛德尔 (Seidel)初级像差理论 ,分析讨论了在消像散条件下校正球差、彗差和畸变的可能性 ,指出适当优化镜片的形状因子 ,能够获得畸变低于球面镜片的点焦 (即消像散 )非球面镜片。以± 6 .0m- 1 镜片为例 ,给出了校正畸变、点焦、无拐点非球面镜片的设计方法与结果 ,通过性能评价和比较 ,指出非球面镜片的像差校正情况与初级像差理论的分析结果基本一致     

人眼高阶像差校正和视觉分析系统

人眼除具有可用眼镜或接触镜校正的低阶像差(离焦、像散)之外,还普遍存在高阶像差。高阶像差的存在影响着屈光系统的成像质量。为研究高阶像差对视觉功能的影响,利用自适应光学技术,建立了具有校正高阶像差和产生高阶像差双重功能的人眼高阶像差校正和视觉分析系统。介绍了系统实现高阶像差校正和视觉分析的工作原理;阐述了波前校正器、哈特曼波前探测系统、控制系统等关键单元技术;列出了系统对泽尼克模式像差的校正效果,绝大多数像差从0.5λ降低到0.2λ以下;阐明系统功能的实现过程,并给出仿真实验的结果。该系统为进一步研究高阶像差对视功能的影响提供了有效的手段。     

复合浸没物镜的电子光学性质和像差理论

浸没物镜系统包括了许多种用途很广的电子光学仪器。本文研究了具有平面阶极的复合浸没物镜(并考虑了阶极上磁场强度不为零的情形)。本文中推导了复合浸没物镜线性方程和横向像差方程,从而求出了总的三极横向像差和各个特殊形式的像差系数,最后将结果化成为简正形式。这样就可以严格地讨论复合浸没物镜的电子光学性质和像差。     

A Practical See-Through Head Mounted Display Using a Holographic Optical Element

This paper describes a practical method for design and fabrication of holographic optical elements (HOEs) as off-axis imaging optics. The authors have designed and fabricated a compact glass-like and see-through display using HOE and a total internal reflection prism. Observers can see through the display because wavelength selectivity of the HOE provides high transparency. Wave front of the HOE is designed by commercial software, though the actual fabrication method is not provided. The authors propose a practical method to fabricate HOEs, which can be applied to a wide range of imaging optics.This paper was originally presented at the 2nd International Conference on Optical Design and Fabrication, ODF2000 which was held on November 15–17, 2000 at the International Conference Center, Tokyo, Waseda University, Japan.     

A Novel Fabrication Technique of Long Period Fiber Gratings Using a Holographic Optical Element

We develop a new flexible and precise ultraviolet exposure technique to fabricate a long period fiber grating using a computer-generated holographic optical element (HOE). The HOE can generate a striped beam pattern with about a 300 #x03BC;m period from a KrF excimer laser. This method offers (1) ease in varying the grating period and (2) grating period precision. We achieve a grating period within an accuracy of #x00B1;0.04 #x03BC;m. This means that the peak wavelength can be controlled within an accuracy of #x00B1;0.2nm with an operating wavelength of 1.55 #x03BC;m.This paper was originally presented at the 2nd International Conference on Optical Design and Fabrication, ODF2000 which was held on November 15-17, 2000 at the International Conference Center, Tokyo, Waseda University, Japan.     

Holographic distant display in dichromated gelatin

A transmission holographic optical element (HOE) has been manufactured, which changes the direction and divergence of light from a laser-illuminated transparent object, for example, a meter scale, so creating a virtual image a considerable distance from the viewer. The HOE is made in dichromated gelatin, with Ar laser light of wavelength 488 nm, and is reconstructed at 633 nm with a HeNe laser. Diffraction efficiency, luminance and contrast are measured at various points in the 16 X 16 cm² hologram. The visibility is good and there are modest distortions.     

Design and fabrication of an optimum holographic optical element lens for a femtosecond laser pulse using a hologram computer-aided design tool

Design and fabrication of an optimum holographic optical element (HOE) lens for a femtosecond laser pulse using a hologram computer-aided design (CAD) tool is presented. The hologram CAD tool, which the authors have developed can design, analyze, and evaluate holograms fabricated by interferometrical technique. The function of the tool is extended to design and analyze a HOE lens illuminated with a femtosecond laser pulse. An optimum HOE lens for a laser pulse, which has 130 fs duration, 720 nm central wavelength, and 10 nm spectrum bandwidth, is designed by the tool. The optimum HOE lens gives both high diffraction efficiency and small amount of aberration. The designed HOE lens is fabricated and its optical characteristics have been experimentally evaluated. The reconstructed point images agree with the results of the numerical simulations by the tool. The tool demonstrates the capability of designing the optimum HOE lens for a femtosecond laser pulse.     

Holographic optical element for laser time-of-flight flow sensor

A novel laser time-of-flight flow sensor has been developed. A specially designed holographic optical element (HOE) constitutes the basis of the optical front end of the sensor. The multifunctional HOE maintains both the transmitting and receiving functions of the optical front end and is designed so that the alignment of the optical system is independent of small changes in the wavelength and temperature. This makes it possible to use a laser diode and makes the optical front end very compact and robust. The HOE is produced as a high-efficiency surface relief grating, thus making a large-scale production through polymer replication possible. The design and fabrication of the HOE is described and the stability of the sensor system is discussed with respect to wavelength variations. Direct calibration measurements on the sensor and test velocity measurements are presented. The sensor is intended for water flow measurements in pipes and can also be used for velocity measurements of solid surfaces.     

Holographic optical element based single-mode hybrid fiber optic interferometer for realizing zero-order fringe

A holographic optical element (HOE) based single-mode hybrid fiber optic interferometer for realizing the zero-order fringe is described. The HOE proposed and used integrates the actions of a beam combiner and a lens, and endows the interferometer with high tolerance for repositioning errors. The proposed method is simple and offers advantages such as the elimination of in situ processing for the hologram.     

Design of the Optimum Holographic Optical Element Lens Using the Hologram Computer-Aided Design Tool

A hologram CAD (computer-aided design) tool capable of designing holographic optical element (HOE) is described. We have been developing this tool which is specialized for holograms. An optimum HOE lens with high diffraction efficiency and diffraction limited imaging characteristics is designed with the tool by applying a computer generated hologram (CGH) which generates an aspherical wave. The imaging characteristics of the HOE lens are experimentally verified and desirable results are obtained.This paper was originally presented at the 2nd International Conference on Optical Design and Fabrication, ODF2000 which was held on November 15-17, 2000 at the International Conference Center, Tokyo, Waseda University, Japan.     

Fabrication of large-area 3D photonic crystals using a holographic optical element

A holographic technique for fabricating 3D photonic crystal is presented. The key element in the fabrication system is a holographic optical element (HOE) consisting of three gratings. Used in combination with a mask, the HOE can generate four beams under single illuminating beam, and 3D lattice structures can be formed by the interference of the four beams. Holographic approach is used to make HOE, so large area lattice structures can be fabricated. Numerical simulations indicate that beam intensity ratio of central beam to outer beam is one of the factors that affects the structures fabricated in photoresist, and high diffraction efficiency of the gratings in HOE is favorable when using cw laser with relatively low power as light source. Experimental results show clear 3D lattice structures fabricated using the HOE, verifying the effectiveness of the technique.     

Fabrication and verification for the small-form-factor holographic optical pickup

In this investigation, a small-form-factor (SFF) pickup head with a holographic optical element (HOE) is fabricated. The system employs a finite-conjugate object lens to focus a light beam. A holographic optical element is used to simplify the optical configuration. It provides a better means of alignment of fabrication and reduces the size of system relative to reflective light route. Micro prisms are fastened with HOE and a silicon substrate, laser diode and photodiode are integrated into the optical system. The pickup head system based on discrete components and a flip chip bonder with highly accurate alignment was to integrate it. The micro holographic optical pickup head is fabricated and tested. Experimental results including the spot diameter and the focusing error signal (FES), demonstrate that the optical system is a feasible.     

Holographic optical elements — State-of-the-art review: Part I

A state-of-the-art review on holographic optical elements (HOE) is presented in two parts. In Part I a conceptual overview and an assessment of the current status on the design of HOE have been included. It is pointed out that HOE development based on the use of squeezed light, speckle, non-linear recording, comparative studies between optics and communication approaches, are some of the promising directions for future research in this vital area of photonics.