零ODP的中高温热泵工质HTR04实验研究

本文综合考虑了环保和中高温水源热泵对制冷剂的特殊要求,通过研究工质的热物理性质、材料相容性、油溶性,研发了一种臭氧层破坏潜能(ODP)为零的非共沸中高温热泵混合工质HTR04,并在中高温水源热泵试验台机组上进行了新工质的热工性能试验.实验结果表明该工质能够稳定产生80℃的热水,且有较高的性能系数,可与R134a压缩机兼容.该工质的实际工程应用前景良好.     

中高温热泵工质及试台研究

本文介绍了作者自行搭建的中高温水源热泵机组试验台,以及在此装置上对新的中高温环保工质HTR01的试验 研究。试验台的特点是利用自然平衡压力点,设计了冷热混水系统,达到即节能又易于控制的目的。通过对新工质HTR01 的大量热工性能试验,以及对试验结果的误差和性能分析,为中高温水源热泵大型样机的设计提供了基础。     

中高温工质在蒸发器中的换热模拟分析

本文采用分布参数的方法,建立了水源热泵中普遍采用的壳管式蒸发器稳态数学模型.通过中高温水源热泵试验台的实验数据同模拟计算结果的对比,验证了数学模型的准确性。应用此数学模型对中高温工质HTR01、HTR02及R134a在蒸发器典型制热运行工况,进行了模拟计算。得出了三种工质制冷剂侧换热系数沿管长的变化关系并对三种工质的换热性能进行了对比分析,为采用中高温工质的水源热泵换热器设计提供了参考依据.     

低温水源复叠式高温热泵系统特性模拟研究

低温水源复叠式高温热泵系统可以有效利用低温水源,稳定制取80℃高温热水。利用C语言建立工质热物性、系统主要部件以及整个热泵系统数学模型。通过分别调节低温水源温度、低温水源流量及低温级压缩机频率三种模式发现模拟值与实验数据对比最大误差不超过4%。另外研究了低温水源温度及低温水源流量对系统性能的影响。     

新工质基础物性参数推算和中高温热泵工质研究

1前言在供暖和干燥等领域，冷凝温度在80”C左右的热泵装置有广泛的应用。冷凝温度80N100OC这一范围可认为属中高温热泵范畴山，Rll4是一种传统的中高温热泵工质，其ODP（臭氧层消耗潜能）为0的替代物研究正在逐步展开，其中Bare门介绍并分析了冷凝温度低于60”C时的替代工质研究情况；Devotta等问选取了七种有实测数据的工质，取冷凝温度为100“C进行了循环性能计算。本文主要进行两项工作：一是建立新工质基础物性参数（标准沸点兀、临界温度C和临界压力只）的推算方法，为研究开发热泵工质提供基础；二是对有可能得到中高温热泵新…     

高温除湿干燥机的试验研究

本文介绍了作者自行设计的高温除湿干燥机,以及在工业木材干燥过程中的试验研究。该除湿干燥机的特点是利用清华大学研制的高温环保工质HTR01,配合R22压缩机组成热泵循环,达到提高除湿机出口风温,能够与常规蒸汽干燥窑干燥工艺相匹配的目的．通过对该高温除湿机的大量热工性能试验,以及对试验结果的性能分析,为设备的改进与性能的提高提供了基础．     

活塞式与涡旋式压缩机用于中高温热泵的性能

对两台常温热泵压缩机—开启式活塞式压缩机和全封闭涡旋式压缩机进行了中高温热泵工况、中高温热泵工质下的性能实验研究。实验工况范围为冷凝温度75~95℃、循环温升35~45℃,实验工质为HFC245fa。结果表明,两台压缩机的排气温度均在允许范围内,两台压缩机的综合效率值与各自在常温热泵工况、原设计工质下的综合效率值相比无明显降低。     

以ZHR02为制冷剂的中高温热泵实验研究

中高温热泵混合工质ZHR02在油溶性、热物性、材料相容性、环保指标等方面的综合性能优越,为中高温热泵新型工质。文中设计了中高温热泵机组,选取ZHR02作为制冷剂进行了中高温热泵实验研究。研究表明,机组在名义工况下能够稳定生产70℃左右的热水,COP达4.3。     

混合工质高温水源热泵计算机模拟

针对高温混合工质热水热泵,本文提出了纯质及混合工质的热泵模拟程序;本程序详细考虑了混合工质纯传递特性对换热的影响,在只输入热泵系统结构参数以及外部换热参数的条件下,应用本程序能进行热泵系统冷热水温度、换热器温度场、制冷制热量及系统的性能参数计算。     

一种中高温热泵混合工质的实验研究

提出了一种适用于90-110℃冷凝温度范围的HFC类中高温热泵非共沸混合工质,其理论循环性能优于CFC114,实测COP为纯工质HFC245fa的97.2%-130.6%、制热量高于HFC245fa。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.